Tennessee Census: Difference between revisions

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Additional Information may be found on the [https://wiki.familysearch.org/en/Portal:United_States_Census United States Census Portal] page.
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| link1=[[United States Genealogy|United States]]
| link2=[[United States Census|U.S. Census]]
| link3=[[Tennessee, United States Genealogy|Tennessee]]
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| link5=[[Tennessee Census|Census]]
}}


== Availability  ==
==Online Federal Censuses==
===Population Schedules===
Starting in 1790, federal population schedules were taken every 10 years in the United States. [[United States Census|'''Click here for more information''']] about federal census records. <br><br>
Tennessee was admitted to the union as the 16th state on 1 June 1796. It was not included in censuses before that date.


The following&nbsp;censuses for Tennessee are available:  
======United States Federal Censuses with Online Links======
{| class="wikitable" width= "70%" style="display: inline-table;"
|-
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"| [[United States Census 1790|1790]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"| [[United States Census 1800|1800]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"| [[United States Census 1810|1810]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"| [[United States Census 1820|1820]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"| [[United States Census 1830|1830]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"| [[United States Census 1840|1840]]
|-
|Tennessee was not enumerated.
|{{RecordSearch|1804228|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7590/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|1803765|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7613/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|1803955|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7734/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|1803958|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/8058/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|1786457|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/8057/ Ancestry.com]
|-
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1850|1850]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1860|1860]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1870|1870]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1880|1880]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1890|1890]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1900|1900]]
|-
|{{RecordSearch|1401638|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/8054/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|1473181|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7667/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|1438024|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7163/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|1417683|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6742/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|1610551|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/5445/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|1325221|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7602/ Ancestry.com]
|-
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1910|1910]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1920|1920]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1930|1930]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1940|1940]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1950|1950]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1960|1960]]
|-
|{{RecordSearch|1727033|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7884/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|1488411|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6061/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|1810731|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6224/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|2000219|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/2442/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|4464515|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/2442/ Ancestry.com]<br> [https://1950census.archives.gov/search/ NARA] 
|Release Date <br> April 1, 2032
|-
|}


'''1790 and earlier:'''&nbsp;Two sources for censuses taken prior to Tennessee becoming a state are:  
===Non-Population Schedules for Tennessee===
Federal non-population schedules included such things mortality schedules, agriculture schedules, slave schedules, and manufacturing schedules.
{| class="wikitable" width= flexible style="display: inline-table;"
|-
! style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:flexible;" | Year
! style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:flexible;" | Type of Census
! style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:flexible;"| Links
|-
|1890
|Veterans
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/8667/ Ancestry]
|-
|1880
|Mortality
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/3530/ Ancestry]
|-
|1880
|Industry
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1276/ Ancestry]
|-
|1880
|Agriculture
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1276/ Ancestry]
|-
|1870
|Social Statistics
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1276/ Ancestry]
|-
|1870
|Mortality
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/3530/ Ancestry]
|-
|1870
|Industry
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1276/ Ancestry]
|-
|1870
|Agriculture
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1276/ Ancestry]
|-
|1860
|Social Statistics
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1276/ Ancestry]
|-
|1860
|Slave owner
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7668/ Ancestry]
|-
|1860
|Mortality
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/3530/ Ancestry]
|-
|1860
|Industry
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1276/ Ancestry]
|-
|1860
|Agriculture
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1276/ Ancestry]
|-
|1850
|Social Statistics
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1276/ Ancestry]
|-
|1850
|Slave owner
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/8055/ Ancestry]
|-
|1850
|Mortality
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/3530/ Ancestry]
|-
|1850
|Industry
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1276/ Ancestry]
|-
|1850
|Agriculture
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1276/ Ancestry]
|-
|1840
|Pensioners
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7678/ Ancestry]
|-
|1820
|Manufactures
|at [https://www.familysearch.org/records/images/image-details?imageGroupNumbers=8132455,8919991&rmsId=TH-909-70994-81702-5&imageIndex=4&singleView=true FamilySearch] - Eastern District<br> at [https://www.familysearch.org/records/images/image-details?imageGroupNumbers=8132455,8919991&rmsId=TH-7769-102230-3712-42&imageIndex=4&singleView=true FamilySearch] - Western District
|}


*Fulcher, Richard C. 1770–1790 Census of the Cumberland Settlements: Davidson, Sumner and Tennessee Counties (in what is now Tennessee). Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing, 1987. (FHL book 976.8 X2f.)
===Existing and Lost Censuses===
*McGhee, Lucy Kate. Partial Census of 1787 to 1791 of Tennessee as Taken from the North Carolina Land Grants. Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1990. (FHL films 1728882 item 4: parts 1 and 2; 1683130 item 3: part 3).
*[[Tennessee Censuses Existing and Lost|List of existing and lost federal censuses for Tennessee]]


'''1810–1930:''' All Federal censuses are available for Tennessee, with the following exceptions:
==Online State and Territorial Censuses==
State censuses are census records that were taken at the state-level rather than at the federal. Often, but not always, a state took their census in ten year increments 5 years from when the Federal Census was taken, such as 1885. State censuses can even serve as substitutes for missing federal censuses. For more information on state censuses, visit [https://www.census.gov/history/www/genealogy/other_resources/state_censuses.html United States Census Bureau].<br><br>
Territorial censuses were taken by the federal government to count the population in federal territories. The government needed to count the population in the territory to see if it could qualify for statehood. For more information on territorial censuses, visit the [[United States Census Territorial|US Territorial Census page]].<br><br>
Tennessee did not take a state census.


&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''1810:''' Only the Rutherford County census survived.  
== Other Census Images ==
*[https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/2884/ Tennessee, U.S., Enumeration of Male Voters, 1891]($) - at Ancestry, index and images
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/45151?availability=Family%20History%20Library Census Records and Cherokee Muster Rolls] - at FamilySearch, images
===Indian Rolls===
*'''1848-1970''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61907/ U.S., Eastern Cherokee Indian Reservation Rolls, 1848-1970] Ancestry - index and images ($)


&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''1820:''' Only the censuses for Middle and West Tennessee survived.
==Why Use the Census?==
State census records can be one of the easiest ways to locate where an ancestor's family lived and when they lived there. Information varies based on year and location, but information that may be included in a census can include:  
*Name of each person in the family at the time the census was taken
*Street or Avenue, or number Rural Free Delivery
*Sex
*Age
*Color
*Nativity
*Place of birth of this person
*Place of birth of Father of this person
*Place of birth of Mother of this person
*Period of Residence
*How long a resident of this State (years and months)
*How long a resident of this enumeration district (years and months)
*Regular occupation
*Military service


&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''1890:''' Destroyed except for the Union veterans schedule.


A reconstructed 1890 federal census index using tax lists is at the Memphis/Shelby County Public Library.&nbsp;[***needs formatting]
=== Sources and footnotes  ===


&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Note: If no&nbsp;census is available, see Census Substitutes. [*** Needs to be written]
{{reflist}}


'''1940–present:''' Have not been released to the public. [*** Need link to instructions]&nbsp; <!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors -->
{{Tennessee|Tennessee}}{{USCensus}}


== Historical Background  ==
[[Category:Tennessee Census Records]]
 
The area now comprising Tennessee was part of North Carolina until 1790. <!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors -->
 
== Indexes  ==
 
==== Online  ====
 
'''1810–1930: '''All existing federal census records for Tennessee are indexed online at [[Www.ancestry.com|www.ancestry.com]].
 
'''1810–1850; 1870; [***other years]:''' Indexed online at [http://www.heritagequestonline.com www.heritagequestonline.com].
 
==== Book  ====
 
'''1810–1870, [*** More years?]:''' Statewide book indexes for Tennessee exist.
 
Use online indexes for these and other years, where possible.
 
Statewide book indexes represent every household in the existing Tennessee censuses.&nbsp;
 
- The&nbsp;books typically&nbsp;index only the first person listed&nbsp;for each household—usually the father or head of the house.
 
- Many families, however, had relatives or friends with a different surname living with them when the census was taken. In those cases, the first person of each surname in the household is included in the index.
 
'''County indexes:''' Do a '''Place Search''' for for the county&nbsp;in the Family History Library Catalog, and choose from selections under '''Census'''.
<!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors -->
 
==== Film  ====
 
All years available at the Family History Library. Do a '''Place Search''' for Tennesse and choose from the '''Census''' options.
 
==== &nbsp;Soundex  ====
 
There is a SOUNDEX (phonetic) index on microfilm for part of the 1880 census and all of the 1900, 1910, 1920, and 1930 censuses.
 
<br>
 
Other research aids can help you search a census when indexes are not available or omit a name. For large cities, try to learn the person’s address by searching the city directory for the same year as the census. See the “Directories” section. Then look for that address on the original census schedules.
 
Reference tools that help determine which census schedule and enumeration district to search for specific addresses include:
 
Census Descriptions of Geographic Subdivisions and Enumerations Districts, (1880–1920). National Archives Microfilm Publications, T1224 and T1210. Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Service, 1977–1978. The descriptions were prepared by the United States Bureau of the Census. The Family History Library film numbers are:
 
1830 <br>FHL film 1402857 item 1 <br>1840 FHL film 1402857 item 2 <br>1850 FHL film 1402858 item 1 <br>1860 FHL film 1402858 item 2 <br>1870 FHL film 1402859 <br>1880 FHL film 1402862 <br>1900 FHL film 1303027 <br>1910 FHL film 1374011 <br>1920 FHL film 1842718
 
Maps are good tools to use with censuses because of the many boundary changes over the years. A publication that shows boundary changes during census years in Tennessee is:
 
Thorndale and Dollarhide’s Map Guide to the U.S. Federal Censuses, 1790–1920, cited in the “Maps” section of the United States Research Outline under “Locating Township and County Boundaries.” Tennessee is represented on pages 314–325. <!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors -->
 
== Special Censuses  ==
 
Marshall County, Tennessee Agricultural Census, 1857. Nashville, Tennessee: State Library and Archives (FHL film 977522). This record is arranged by districts within Marshall County and then alphabetically by surname.
 
'''Slave schedules''' for the 1850 and 1860 censuses list the names of slave owners but do not normally list the names of the slaves. The numbers of slaves, whether male or female, and the slaves’ age-ranges are given. Tennessee slave schedules at the Family History Library are cataloged with the population schedules. The 1850 and 1860 mortality schedules list the names of slaves who died during the twelve months preceding 30 June 1850 and 30 June 1860.
 
'''Mortality Schedules''' (1850–1880). Mortality schedules list persons who died during the twelve months before the 1850–1880 federal censuses were taken. In addition to providing the same information about the deceased person that the regular census schedules provided for the living, mortality schedules also state the month, cause of death, and the number of days ill. The Tennessee State Archives has these schedules, and the Family History Library has copies:
 
United States. Bureau of the Census. Federal Mortality Census Schedules and Related Indexes: Tennessee; 1850–1860
 
Tennessee Mortality Schedules. Nashville, Tennessee: Byron Sistler and Associates, 1984. (FHL book 976.8 X2t; film 1697901 item 5.) This record covers the census years 1850–1860 and 1880 in a combined format.
 
Veterans Schedules (1840 and 1890). The 1840 and 1890 federal censuses included a list of Revolutionary War and Civil War veterans, respectively. A book with the actual 1840 census information is:
 
A Census of Pensioners for Revolutionary or Military Service: With Their Names, Ages, and Places of Residence, as Returned by the Marshals of the Several Judicial Districts, Under the Act for Taking the Sixth Census. Washington DC: Printed by Blair and Rives, 1841. (FHL book 973 X2pc 1840; film 1064759 item 3.) <br>The following indexes these veterans for all states:
 
A General Index to a Census of Pensioners for Revolutionary or Military Service, 1840. Baltimore, Maryland.: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1965. (FHL book 973 X2pc 1965 index; fiche 6046771; film 899835 items 1–2.)
 
For the 1890 census of Tennessee Union Army veterans of the Civil War, see:
 
United States Census Office. 11th Census, 1890. Schedules Enumerating Union Veterans and Widows of Union Veterans of the Civil War. National Archives Microfilm Publications, M0123. Washington, DC: National Archives, 1948 (FHL films 338254–57). Some Confederate veterans are included.
 
For an index to the 1890 veterans schedules see:
 
Jackson, Ronald Vern. Tennessee 1890 Census Index. Salt Lake City, Utah: Accelerated Indexing Systems, 1990. (FHL book 976.8 X2j 1890.) <br>A resource for finding Tennesseans in Texas during the 1890 Civil War Veterans census is:
 
1890 Civil War Veterans Census, Tennesseans in Texas. Evanston, Illinois: n.p., 1978. (FHL book 976.4 X2e 1890; fiche 6087374.) <br>&nbsp; <!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors -->
 
== State Censuses  ==
 
At times the state, county, or city may have a census taken for various reasons. The Family History Library has copies of a few special censuses taken in Tennessee:
 
*Reed, Sue S. Enumeration of Male Inhabitants of Twenty-one Years of Age and Upward, Citizens of Tennessee, January 1, 1891, as Provided for by an Act of General Assembly of Tennessee, Passed January 15, 1891, and Approved January 22, 1891. Houston, Texas: S.S. Reed, 1989. (FHL book 976.8 X2r 1891). Each of the eight volumes in the record is individually indexed for the counties listed. All counties not included in this work are on microfilm at the Tennessee State Library and Archives.
*Memphis, Tennessee Census, 1869 (3rd Ward), 1897. Nashville, Tennessee: Tennessee State Library and Archives (FHL film 375237 item 3: contains 1869, item 6: contains 1897).<!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --> <!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors -->
 
== Territorial Censuses  ==
 
None exist, since Tennessee was included in North Carolina until 1790 and was never a territory. <!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors -->
 
== <br>Web Sites  ==
 
Tennessee State Library and Archives: http://www.state.tn.us/tsla/
 
National Archives: http://www.archives.gov/ <!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors --><!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors -->
<!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors -->
[[Category:Tennessee]]

Latest revision as of 13:11, 15 April 2024

Tennessee Wiki Topics
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Beginning Research
Record Types
Tennessee Background
Cultural Groups
Local Research Resources


Online Federal Censuses

Population Schedules

Starting in 1790, federal population schedules were taken every 10 years in the United States. Click here for more information about federal census records.

Tennessee was admitted to the union as the 16th state on 1 June 1796. It was not included in censuses before that date.

United States Federal Censuses with Online Links
1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840
Tennessee was not enumerated. FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
NARA
Release Date
April 1, 2032

Non-Population Schedules for Tennessee

Federal non-population schedules included such things mortality schedules, agriculture schedules, slave schedules, and manufacturing schedules.

Year Type of Census Links
1890 Veterans at Ancestry
1880 Mortality at Ancestry
1880 Industry at Ancestry
1880 Agriculture at Ancestry
1870 Social Statistics at Ancestry
1870 Mortality at Ancestry
1870 Industry at Ancestry
1870 Agriculture at Ancestry
1860 Social Statistics at Ancestry
1860 Slave owner at Ancestry
1860 Mortality at Ancestry
1860 Industry at Ancestry
1860 Agriculture at Ancestry
1850 Social Statistics at Ancestry
1850 Slave owner at Ancestry
1850 Mortality at Ancestry
1850 Industry at Ancestry
1850 Agriculture at Ancestry
1840 Pensioners at Ancestry
1820 Manufactures at FamilySearch - Eastern District
at FamilySearch - Western District

Existing and Lost Censuses

Online State and Territorial Censuses

State censuses are census records that were taken at the state-level rather than at the federal. Often, but not always, a state took their census in ten year increments 5 years from when the Federal Census was taken, such as 1885. State censuses can even serve as substitutes for missing federal censuses. For more information on state censuses, visit United States Census Bureau.

Territorial censuses were taken by the federal government to count the population in federal territories. The government needed to count the population in the territory to see if it could qualify for statehood. For more information on territorial censuses, visit the US Territorial Census page.

Tennessee did not take a state census.

Other Census Images

Indian Rolls

Why Use the Census?

State census records can be one of the easiest ways to locate where an ancestor's family lived and when they lived there. Information varies based on year and location, but information that may be included in a census can include:

  • Name of each person in the family at the time the census was taken
  • Street or Avenue, or number Rural Free Delivery
  • Sex
  • Age
  • Color
  • Nativity
  • Place of birth of this person
  • Place of birth of Father of this person
  • Place of birth of Mother of this person
  • Period of Residence
  • How long a resident of this State (years and months)
  • How long a resident of this enumeration district (years and months)
  • Regular occupation
  • Military service


Sources and footnotes