Swingfield, Kent Genealogy: Difference between revisions

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[[England]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]]  [[Kent]]  
{{breadcrumb
| link1=[[England Genealogy |England]]
| link2=[[Kent, England Genealogy|Kent]]
| link3=[[Kent Parishes]]  
| link4=
| link5=Swingfield
}}


[[Image:Swingfield_St_Peter_Kent_contributor_Adam_Hicks.jpg|thumb|right|Swingfield St Peter]]
Guide to '''Swingfield, Kent ancestry, family history, and genealogy:''' parish registers, transcripts, census records, birth records, marriage records, and death records.
 
 
{{Infobox England Jurisdictions
| image = Swingfield St Peter Kent contributor Adam Hicks.jpg
| caption = Swingfield St Peter Kent contributor Adam Hicks
| Type = [[Ancient Parish]]
| County = Kent
| Hundred = Folkestone
| Poor Law Union = Elham
| Registration District = Elham
| PRbegin = 1698
| BTbegin = 1563
| Province = Canterbury
| Diocese = Canterbury
| Archdeaconry =
| Archdeaconries =
| Rural Deanery = Dover
| Parish =
| Peculiar =
| Chapelry =
| Probate Court = Court of the Archdeaconry of Canterbury
| Archdeaconry Court =
| Bishops Court =
| Prerogative Court =
| Archive = [[Kent Record Office]]
}}


== Parish History  ==
== Parish History  ==


Swingfield is a village and civil parish in the Shepway district of Kent.<br>  
SWINGFIELD (St. Peter), a '''parish''', in the union of Elham, hundred of Folkestone, lathe of Shepway, E division of Kent, 5 miles N from Folkestone. <ref>Lewis, Samuel A., [http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51324#s12 ''A Topographical Dictionary of England''] (1848), pp. 289-292. Date accessed: 06 May 2013.</ref>  


Swingfield St Peter is an Ancient Parish in the Diocese of Canterbury and included Reinden.  
Swingfield is a village and civil parish in the Shepway district of Kent.


The redundant parish church of St Peter [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Church,_Swingfield+ St Peter's Church Swingfield Wikipedia] is in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust [http://www.visitchurches.org.uk/Ourchurches/Completelistofchurches/St-Peters-Church-Swingfield-Kent/+ Churches Conservation Trust website]<br>
Swingfield St Peter is an Ancient Parish in the Diocese of Canterbury and included Reinden; when the church was declared redundant the parish was absorbed into that of [[Acrise, Kent]] St Martin.


The Parish church of St Peter has been designated as a grade I listed building [http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-441802-church-of-st-peter-swingfield+ British listed building] <br>
The redundant parish church of St Peter [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Church,_Swingfield St Peter's Church Swingfield Wikipedia] is in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust [http://www.visitchurches.org.uk/Ourchurches/Completelistofchurches/St-Peters-Church-Swingfield-Kent/ Churches Conservation Trust website]


See Edward Hasted The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent: Volume 8 (1799), pp. 120-126 [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=63467&strquery=Swingfield+ at British History Online]&nbsp; and [http://www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Swingfield+ Kent Churches website]<br>
The Parish church of St Peter has been designated as a grade I listed building [http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-441802-church-of-st-peter-swingfield British listed building]


<br>
See Edward Hasted, ''The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent'': Volume 8 (1799), pp. 120-126. Date accessed: 14 November 2013. [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=63467&strquery=Swingfield at British History Online]  and [http://www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Swingfield Kent Churches website]


== Resources  ==
== Resources  ==
=== Find Neighboring Parishes ===


==== Civil Registration ====
Use [https://www.familysearch.org/mapp/ England Jurisdictions 1851 Map]
::*Type the name of the parish in the ''search bar''
::*Click on the location ''pin'' on the map
::*Choose ''Options'' from the pop up box
::*Click "List Contiguous Parishes" to find the neighboring parishes<br>
=== Civil Registration ===


Kent County Council (KCC) has a certificate centre at the Mansion House in Tunbridge Wells which holds all the completed registers for Kent since 1 July 1837 and can supply a certified copy of any Kent birth, death or marriage entry from any register within its custody or a Kent civil partnership registration from the government online database.
See [http://www.ukbmd.org.uk/genuki/reg/districts/folkestone.html Folkestone Registration District]<br>


The Mansion House<br>(Certificate Centre)<br>Grove Hill Road<br>Tunbridge Wells<br>Kent TN1 1EP <br>
Kent County Council (KCC) has a certificate centre at the Mansion House in Tunbridge Wells which holds all the completed registers for Kent since 1 July 1837 and can supply a certified copy of any Kent birth, death or marriage entry from any register within its custody or a Kent civil partnership registration from the government online database.


Birth, marriages and deaths were kept by the government, from July 1837 to the present day. The [[England Civil Registration|civil registration]] article tells more about these records. There are several Internet sites with name lists or indexes. A popular site is [http://freebmd.org.uk/ FreeBMD].
The Mansion House (Certificate Centre)<br>Grove Hill Road<br>Tunbridge Wells<br>Kent TN1 1EP


==== Church records  ====
Birth, marriages and deaths were kept by the government, from July 1837 to the present day.<br>
*''See [[England Civil Registration]] for online resources and information''.<br><br>


Contributor: Include here information for parish registers, Bishop’s Transcripts, non conformist and other types of church records, such as parish chest records. Add the contact information for the office holding the original records.&nbsp;
=== Church Records ===
''The Church of England'' (Anglican) became the official state religion in 1534, with the reigning monarch as its Supreme Governor. <br>
''Non-Conformist'' refers to all other religious denominations that are not the official state religion.


Family History Library film numbers <br>{{FHL|England%2C+Kent%2C+Swingfield|subject|disp=Swingfield}} <br>See also [[England, Kent, Parish Registers and Bishop's Transcripts (FamilySearch Historical Records)]]<br>  
==== Church of England ====
<font color=blue> Due to the increasing access of online records:</font><br>
*<font color=blue>Individual parish coverage for databases in this table are inconsistent and should be verified<br>
*Dates in the following table are approximate </font><br>
'''''Hover over the collection's title for more information'''''
{| class="wikitable" width="100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
|-
| bgcolor="#b6cee2" align="center" scope="col" colspan="7" | '''Swingfield Online Parish Records'''
|-
| bgcolor="#efdcc3" | <center>'''''Collections'''''</center>
| bgcolor="#d9bfbf" colspan="2" | <center>'''''Baptisms'''''</center>
| bgcolor="#bfd9bf" colspan="2" | <center>'''''Marriages'''''</center>
| bgcolor="#cac4d4" colspan="2" | <center>'''''Burials'''''</center>
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" |
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" | <center>''Indexes and images''</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" | <center>''Indexes only''</center>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | <center>''Indexes and images''</center>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | <center>''Indexes only''</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" | <center>''Indexes and images''</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8"| <center>''Indexes only''</center>
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" width="30%"| FamilySearch Collections-Kent
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" |  <center>[https://www.familysearch.org/search/record/results?count=20&f.recordType=0&q.recordCountry=England&q.recordSubcountry=England%2CKent 1500s-1900s]</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" |  <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | <center>[https://www.familysearch.org/search/record/results?count=20&f.recordType=1&q.recordCountry=England&q.recordSubcountry=England%2CKent 1500s-1900s]</center>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8"|<center>[https://www.familysearch.org/search/record/results?count=20&f.recordType=2&q.recordCountry=England&q.recordSubcountry=England%2CKent 1500s-1900s]</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" | <center>'''-'''</center>
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" width="30%"| Parish Registers-Kent
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" |  <center>{{RecordSearch|1952887|1500s-1900s}}</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" |  <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | <center>{{RecordSearch|1952887|1500s-1900s}}</center>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8"|<center>{{RecordSearch|1952887|1500s-1900s}}</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" | <center>'''-'''</center>
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" width="30%"| Bishop's Transcripts - FamilySearch Catalog
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" |  <center>{{FS Bishop's Transcript}}</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" |  <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | <center>{{FS Bishop's Transcript}}</center>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8"|<center>{{FS Bishop's Transcript}}</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" | <center>'''-'''</center>
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" width="30%"| FreeREG
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8"| <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8"| <center> [https://www.freereg.org.uk/ 1500s-1900s] </center>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | <center>[https://www.freereg.org.uk/ 1500s-1900s] </center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8"| <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" | <center> [https://www.freereg.org.uk/ 1500s-1900s] </center>
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" width="30%"|Findmypast-Kent ($)
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" |  <center>[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/kent-baptisms 1500s-1900s] </center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8"|  <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | <center>[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-records/kent-marriages-and-banns 1500s-1900s] </center>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" | <center> [https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-records/kent-burials 1500s-1900s] </center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" | <center>'''-'''</center>
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" width="30%"|Findmypast Banns-Kent ($)
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" | <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8"|  <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | <center>[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-records/kent-marriages-and-banns 1500s-1900s]</center>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" | <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" | <center>'''-'''</center>
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" width="30%"| Ancestry-Church of England BMD-Kent ($)
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" | <center> [https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=61746 1500s-1900s]  </center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8"| <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | <center> [https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=61746 1500s-1900s] </center>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" | <center> [https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=61746 1500s-1900s] </center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8"| <center>'''-'''</center>
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" width="30%"| Ancestry-England & Wales, Birth, Christening, Marriage and Death Indexes ($)
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8"| <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8"| <center>[https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/9841/  1500s-1900s]<br>[https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1351/ 1500s-1900s]</center>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" |  <center>[https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/9852/ 1500s-1900s]<br>[https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1352/ 1500s-1900s] </center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" | <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8"| <center>[https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/9840/ 1500s-1900s]<center>
|-
| bgcolor="#dbe7f0" align="center" scope="col" colspan="7" | ''Databases with Known Incomplete Parish Coverage''
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" width="30%"| Boyd's Marriage Indexes-FMP (Free)
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" | <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8"| <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | <center>[https://search.findmypast.co.uk/search-world-Records/england-boyds-marriage-indexes-1538-1850 1500s-1800s]</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" | <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8"| <center>'''-'''</center>
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" width="30%"| National Burial Index-FMP (Free)
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8"| <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8" | <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#ffffff" | <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8"| <center>'''-'''</center>
| bgcolor="#E8E8E8"| <center>[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/national-burial-index-for-england-and-wales 1800s-1900s]</center>
|-
|}
'''''Other Websites'''''<br>
These databases have incomplete parish coverage. <br>
*[http://joinermarriageindex.co.uk/marriage-records/Kent/ Joiner Marriage Index - Kent] ($)<br>
*[https://ogindex.org/ Online Genealogical Index] -  Links to online genealogical records<br>
*[https://parishregister.co.uk/online/kent-parish-records The Genealogist Parish Registers - Kent] ($)<br>
*[http://www.dustydocs.com/ UK Websites for Parish Records] - Links to online genealogical records<br>


&nbsp;[[England Vital Records Index (FamilySearch Historical Records)]] known issue England Easy collection Indexing Project Batch 100354-3 Incorrect parish names entered also affects [[Westbere, Kent]], [[Ripple, Kent]],&nbsp;[[Ramsgate Holy Trinity, Kent]] Error caused by incorrect place data entry field for four parishes in items on same film.<br>
====Nonconformist Records====
"Nonconformist" is a term referring to religious denominations other than an established or state church. In England, the state church is the Church of England.<br>


==== Census records  ====
*'''1717''' [https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/england-and-wales-roman-catholics-1717 England & Wales, Roman Catholics, 1717] at Findmypast ($), index and images (''coverage may vary'')


FamilySearch Records includes collections of census indexes which can be searched online for free. In addition FamilySearch Centres offer free access to images of the England and Wales Census through [http://fhc.familysearch.org/ '''FHC Portal:'''] Computers here have access to the Family History Centre Portal page which gives free access to premium family history software and websites that generally charge for subscriptions.
=== Census Records ===


[https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Category:England_Family_History_Centres] to locate local Family History Centres in UK
{{British Census|306873}}


[https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Introduction_to_LDS_Family_History_Centers] to locate outside UK. Many archives and local history collections in public libraries in England and Wales offer online census searches and also hold microfilm or fiche census returns.
=== Poor Law Unions  ===


Images of the census for 1841-1891 can be viewed in census collections at Ancestry (fee payable) or Find My Past (fee payable)
*[[Elham Poor Law Union, Kent]]


The 1851 census of England and Wales attempted to identify religious places of worship in addition to the household survey census returns.
=== Probate Records  ===


[http://search.ancestry.co.uk/group/ukicen/UK_Census_Collection.aspx+ Ancestry UK Census Collection]
Records of wills, administrations, inventories, indexes, etc. were filed by the court with jurisdiction over this parish. Go to [[Kent Probate Records|Kent Probate Records]] to find the name of the court having primary jurisdiction. Scroll down in the article to the section Court Jurisdictions by Parish.  


[http://www.findmypast.co.uk/content/search-menu/census-land-and-surveys+ Find my Past census search 1841-1901]  
*See [[England, Kent, Wills and Probate - FamilySearch Historical Records]]  


[http://www.1881pubs.com/+ for details of public houses in the 1881 census]
==== Local FamilySearch Centre  ====


Prior to the 1911 census the household schedule was destroyed and only the enumerator's schedule survives.
*[[Canterbury FamilySearch Centre, Kent]] <br>
*[[Maidstone FamilySearch Centre, Kent]] <br>
:*'''[[FamilySearch Center Portal]]''' This centre has access to the FamilySearch Centre Portal page which gives free access in the centre to premium family history software and websites that generally charge for subscriptions.
:*Publication of the restricted access images [[England, Kent, Wills and Probate - FamilySearch Historical Records]] and [[England, Kent, Land Tax Assessments - FamilySearch Historical Records]] means that it is advisable to telephone the centre to reserve a computer if you wish to view these


The 1911 census of England and Wales was taken on the night of Sunday 2 April 1911 and in addition to households and institutions such as prisons and workhouses, canal boats merchant ships and naval vessels it attempted to include homeless persons. The schedule was completed by an individual and for the first time both this record and the enumerator's schedule were preserved. Two forms of boycott of the census by women are possible due to frustration at government failure to grant women the universal right to vote in parliamentary and local elections. The schedule either records a protest by failure to complete the form in respect of the women in the household or women are absent due to organisation of groups of women staying away from home for the whole night. Research estimates that several thousand women are not found by census search. [http://www.findmypast.co.uk/search/census/1911/person?ukwid=394505&sourceid=1&utm_source=Google+FMP+Main_CPC&utm_medium=Key+Keywords&utm_campaign=1911+census+ Find my Past 1911 census search]
== Maps and Gazetteers  ==


==== Poor Law Unions  ====
Maps are a visual look at the locations in England. Gazetteers contain brief summaries about a place.


[[Elham Poor Law Union, Kent]]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/mapp/ England Jurisdictions 1851]  
 
*[https://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/index.jsp Vision of Britain]
==== Probate records  ====
 
Records of wills, administrations, inventories, indexes, etc. were filed by the court with jurisdiction over this parish. Go to [[Kent Probate Records|Kent Probate Records]] to find the name of the court having primary jurisdiction. Scroll down in the article to the section Court Jurisdictions by Parish.  
 
== Maps and Gazetteers  ==


Maps are a visual look at the locations in England. Gazetteers contain brief summaries about a place.<br>
== Websites  ==


*[http://maps.familysearch.org/ England Jurisdictions 1851]
== References  ==
*[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/index.jsp Vision of Britain]


== Web sites  ==
{{reflist}}


Contributor: Add any relevant sites that aren’t mentioned above.
{{Kent}}


[[Category:Kent]]
[[Category:Kent Parishes]]

Latest revision as of 14:43, 19 December 2023

Guide to Swingfield, Kent ancestry, family history, and genealogy: parish registers, transcripts, census records, birth records, marriage records, and death records.


Swingfield, Kent
Swingfield St Peter Kent contributor Adam Hicks.jpg
Swingfield St Peter Kent contributor Adam Hicks
Type Ancient Parish
Civil Jurisdictions
Hundred Folkestone
County Kent
Poor Law Union Elham
Registration District Elham
Records begin
Parish registers: 1698
Bishop's Transcripts: 1563
Ecclesiastical Jurisdictions
Rural Deanery Dover
Diocese Canterbury
Province Canterbury
Legal Jurisdictions
Probate Court Court of the Archdeaconry of Canterbury
Location of Archive
Kent Record Office

Parish History

SWINGFIELD (St. Peter), a parish, in the union of Elham, hundred of Folkestone, lathe of Shepway, E division of Kent, 5 miles N from Folkestone. [1]

Swingfield is a village and civil parish in the Shepway district of Kent.

Swingfield St Peter is an Ancient Parish in the Diocese of Canterbury and included Reinden; when the church was declared redundant the parish was absorbed into that of Acrise, Kent St Martin.

The redundant parish church of St Peter St Peter's Church Swingfield Wikipedia is in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust Churches Conservation Trust website

The Parish church of St Peter has been designated as a grade I listed building British listed building

See Edward Hasted, The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent: Volume 8 (1799), pp. 120-126. Date accessed: 14 November 2013. at British History Online and Kent Churches website

Resources

Find Neighboring Parishes

Use England Jurisdictions 1851 Map

  • Type the name of the parish in the search bar
  • Click on the location pin on the map
  • Choose Options from the pop up box
  • Click "List Contiguous Parishes" to find the neighboring parishes

Civil Registration

See Folkestone Registration District

Kent County Council (KCC) has a certificate centre at the Mansion House in Tunbridge Wells which holds all the completed registers for Kent since 1 July 1837 and can supply a certified copy of any Kent birth, death or marriage entry from any register within its custody or a Kent civil partnership registration from the government online database.

The Mansion House (Certificate Centre)
Grove Hill Road
Tunbridge Wells
Kent TN1 1EP

Birth, marriages and deaths were kept by the government, from July 1837 to the present day.

Church Records

The Church of England (Anglican) became the official state religion in 1534, with the reigning monarch as its Supreme Governor.
Non-Conformist refers to all other religious denominations that are not the official state religion.

Church of England

Due to the increasing access of online records:

  • Individual parish coverage for databases in this table are inconsistent and should be verified
  • Dates in the following table are approximate

Hover over the collection's title for more information

Swingfield Online Parish Records
Collections
Baptisms
Marriages
Burials
Indexes and images
Indexes only
Indexes and images
Indexes only
Indexes and images
Indexes only
FamilySearch Collections-Kent
1500s-1900s
-
1500s-1900s
-
1500s-1900s
-
Parish Registers-Kent
1500s-1900s
-
1500s-1900s
-
1500s-1900s
-
Bishop's Transcripts - FamilySearch Catalog
1700s-1800s
-
1700s-1800s
-
1700s-1800s
-
FreeREG
-
1500s-1900s
-
1500s-1900s
-
1500s-1900s
Findmypast-Kent ($)
1500s-1900s
-
1500s-1900s
-
1500s-1900s
-
Findmypast Banns-Kent ($)
-
-
1500s-1900s
-
-
-
Ancestry-Church of England BMD-Kent ($)
1500s-1900s
-
1500s-1900s
-
1500s-1900s
-
Ancestry-England & Wales, Birth, Christening, Marriage and Death Indexes ($)
-
1500s-1900s
1500s-1900s
-
1500s-1900s
1500s-1900s
-
1500s-1900s
Databases with Known Incomplete Parish Coverage
Boyd's Marriage Indexes-FMP (Free)
-
-
-
1500s-1800s
-
-
National Burial Index-FMP (Free)
-
-
-
-
-
1800s-1900s

Other Websites
These databases have incomplete parish coverage.

Nonconformist Records

"Nonconformist" is a term referring to religious denominations other than an established or state church. In England, the state church is the Church of England.

Census Records

Census records from 1841 to 1911 are available online. For access, see England Census Records and Indexes Online. Census records from 1841 to 1891 are also available on film through a FamilySearch Center or at the FamilySearch Library.


Poor Law Unions

Probate Records

Records of wills, administrations, inventories, indexes, etc. were filed by the court with jurisdiction over this parish. Go to Kent Probate Records to find the name of the court having primary jurisdiction. Scroll down in the article to the section Court Jurisdictions by Parish.

Local FamilySearch Centre

Maps and Gazetteers

Maps are a visual look at the locations in England. Gazetteers contain brief summaries about a place.

Websites

References

  1. Lewis, Samuel A., A Topographical Dictionary of England (1848), pp. 289-292. Date accessed: 06 May 2013.