African American Resources for California: Difference between revisions

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<div id="fsButtons"><span class="online_records_button">[[African American Online Genealogy Records]]</span></div>  
<div id="fsButtons"><span class="online_records_button">[[African American Online Genealogy Records]]</span></div>  
 
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==Introduction==
==Introduction==


==Online Resources==
==Online Resources==
'''Record Collections'''
'''Record Collections'''
*[http://www.discoverfreedmen.org/ Discover Freedmen] - this site searches all of the Freedmen's Bureau record collections on FamilySearch altogether (and redirects there)
<li>'''1861-1872''' {{RecordSearch|1414908|United States, Freedmen's Bureau Marriages, 1861-1872}} at FamilySearch — [[United States Freedmen’s Bureau Marriages - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]] </li>
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1417695 Freedman's Bank Records, 1865-1874]
<li>'''1865-1874''' {{RecordSearch|1417695|United States, Freedman's Bank Records, 1865-1874}} at FamilySearch — [[United States, Freedman's Bank Records - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]] </li>
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1414908 United States, Freedmen's Bureau Marriages, 1861-1872]
<li>'''1800-1994''' {{RecordSearch|2001287|California, County Birth and Death Records, 1800-1994}} at FamilySearch — [[California, County Birth and Death Records - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]] </li>
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2001287 California, County Birth and Death Records, 1800-1994]
<li>[[African American Digital Bookshelf]] - a growing list of digital books on FamilySearch and other websites</li>
 
<li>[http://www.discoverfreedmen.org/ Discover Freedmen] - this site searches all of the Freedmen's Bureau record collections on FamilySearch altogether (and redirects there)</li>
[[Image:William Leidesdorff.jpg|border|right|200x300px|William Alexander Leidesdorff, Jr. (October 23, 1810 – May 18, 1848), one of the earliest mixed-race U.S. citizens in California]]  
[[Image:William Leidesdorff.jpg|border|right|200x300px|William Alexander Leidesdorff, Jr. (October 23, 1810 – May 18, 1848), one of the earliest mixed-race U.S. citizens in California]]  


'''Lists of Sources'''
'''Lists of Sources'''
*[http://www.archives.com/genealogy/free-north-american-genealogy-resources.html African American in California at ArchivesDigital Collection] - Genealogy related information for various States and Provinces is available from a variety of servers which may be official government services, genealogy society efforts, or maintained by interested individuals.
<li>[http://www.archives.com/genealogy/free-north-american-genealogy-resources.html African American in California at ArchivesDigital Collection] - Genealogy related information for various States and Provinces is available from a variety of servers which may be official government services, genealogy society efforts, or maintained by interested individuals.</li>
*[http://caags.org/genealogical-links/ California African American Genealogical Society] - Links to various genealogical sites
<li>[http://caags.org/genealogical-links/ California African American Genealogical Society] - Links to various genealogical sites</li>


==Research Strategy==
==Research Strategy==
==History==
==Historys==
*[http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/reference/africanamerican/timelines.html African Americans in California] - a helpful historical timeline that highlights people and events from the Spanish Era until 2003.
<li>[https://guides.lib.berkeley.edu/c.php?g=903071&p=6500032 African Americans in California] - a helpful historical timeline that highlights people and events from the Spanish Era until 2003.</li>
*[http://digital.lib.csus.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/curr The California Underground Railroad] - a collection of documents, letters, photographs, and newspapers documenting the experiences of African Americans in California.  Compiled by California State University in Sacramento.   
<li>[http://digital.lib.csus.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/curr The California Underground Railroad] - a collection of documents, letters, photographs, and newspapers documenting the experiences of African Americans in California.  Compiled by California State University in Sacramento.  </li>
*[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/231510-the-negro-trail-blazers-of-california-a-compilation-of-records-from-the-california-archives-in-the-bancroft-library-at-the-university-of-california-in-berkeley-and-from-the-diaries-old-papers-and-conversations-of-old-pioneers-in-the-state-of-california?offset=1 ''The Negro trail blazers of California''] - a compilation of records documenting the history of African Americans in California from the beginning of statehood.
<li>[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/231510-the-negro-trail-blazers-of-california-a-compilation-of-records-from-the-california-archives-in-the-bancroft-library-at-the-university-of-california-in-berkeley-and-from-the-diaries-old-papers-and-conversations-of-old-pioneers-in-the-state-of-california?offset=1 ''The Negro trail blazers of California''] - a compilation of records documenting the history of African Americans in California from the beginning of statehood.</li>


==Resources==
==Resources==
===Biographies===
===Biographies===
*Beasley, Delilah Leontium. ''The Negro Trail Blazers of California '': a compilation of records from the California archives in the Bancroft Library at the University of California in Berkeley; and from the diaries, old papers, and conversations of old pioneers in the State of California. Los Angeles:[s.n.], - 317 p.: ill, ports F870.N38 B3 1919b {{FHL|116525|item|desp= &nbsp; FHLbook 979.4 F2be}}&nbsp;&nbsp; [http://www.worldcat.org/title/negro-trail-blazers-of-california-a-compilation-of-records-from-the-california-archives-in-the-bancroft-library-at-the-university-of-california-in-berkeley-and-from-the-diaries-old-papers-and-conversations-of-old-pioneers-in-the-state-of-california/oclc/465259258 WorldCa]t&nbsp; [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/231510-the-negro-trail-blazers-of-california-a-compilation-of-records-from-the-california-archives-in-the-bancroft-library-at-the-university-of-california-in-berkeley-and-from-the-diaries-old-papers-and-conversations-of-old-pioneers-in-the-state-of-california?offset=1 Digital version]<br>  
*Beasley, Delilah Leontium. ''The Negro Trail Blazers of California '': a compilation of records from the California archives in the Bancroft Library at the University of California in Berkeley; and from the diaries, old papers, and conversations of old pioneers in the State of California. Los Angeles:[s.n.], - 317 p.: ill, ports F870.N38 B3 1919b {{FSC|116525|item|desp=   FS Librarybook 979.4 F2be}}   [http://www.worldcat.org/title/negro-trail-blazers-of-california-a-compilation-of-records-from-the-california-archives-in-the-bancroft-library-at-the-university-of-california-in-berkeley-and-from-the-diaries-old-papers-and-conversations-of-old-pioneers-in-the-state-of-california/oclc/465259258 WorldCa]t [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/231510-the-negro-trail-blazers-of-california-a-compilation-of-records-from-the-california-archives-in-the-bancroft-library-at-the-university-of-california-in-berkeley-and-from-the-diaries-old-papers-and-conversations-of-old-pioneers-in-the-state-of-california?offset=1 Digital version]<br>  
*Goode, Kenneth F. ''California's Black Pioneers: A Brief Historical Survey''. Santa Barbara, Calif.: McNally Loftin, 1974 [c1974].- xiii, 222p.:ill. E185.93 C2G66 1974  
*Goode, Kenneth F. ''California's Black Pioneers: A Brief Historical Survey''. Santa Barbara, Calif.: McNally Loftin, 1974 [c1974].- xiii, 222p.:ill. E185.93 C2G66 1974  
*Lapp, Rudolph M. Blacks in Gold Rush California New Haven:Yale university Press, 1977 - xiv, 321 p., (Yale Western Americana Series; 29) E185.C2 L36
*Lapp, Rudolph M. Blacks in Gold Rush California New Haven:Yale university Press, 1977 - xiv, 321 p., (Yale Western Americana Series; 29) E185.C2 L36
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===Funeral Homes===
===Funeral Homes===
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1385518 California, San Francisco Area Funeral Home Records, 1835-1979] - collection includes funeral register books, burial registers, account books, and case books.
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1385518 California, San Francisco Area Funeral Home Records, 1835-1979] - collection includes funeral register books, burial registers, account books, and case books.
*[https://app.air.inc/a/borzvL1af/b/8dc76b25-27b0-42b5-a889-6c7027db068f CAAGS Obituary and Funeral Home Collection] at California African American Genealogical Society - index & images
===Genealogies===
===Genealogies===
===Land and Property===
===Land and Property===
====Plantation====
====Plantation====
===Obituaries===
*[https://app.air.inc/a/borzvL1af/b/8dc76b25-27b0-42b5-a889-6c7027db068f CAAGS Obituary and Funeral Home Collection] at California African American Genealogical Society - index & images
===Oral Histories===
===Oral Histories===
===Other Records===
===Other Records===
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Online collections of Freedman's Bank records:
Online collections of Freedman's Bank records:
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1417695 United States, Freedman's Bank Records, 1865-1874]
*{{RecordSearch|1417695|United States, Freedman's Bank Records, 1865-1874}} at FamilySearch — [[United States, Freedman's Bank Records - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]  
*[https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=8755 U.S., Freedman's Bank Records, 1865-1871 ($)]
*[https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=8755 U.S., Freedman's Bank Records, 1865-1871] at Ancestry ($)


====Freedmen's Bureau====
====Freedmen's Bureau====
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*[http://www.discoverfreedmen.org/ DiscoverFreedmen] - the search on this site will utilize all of the Freedmen's Bureau records on FamilySearch, including:
*[http://www.discoverfreedmen.org/ DiscoverFreedmen] - the search on this site will utilize all of the Freedmen's Bureau records on FamilySearch, including:
**[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2432941 United States, Freedmen's Bureau Claim Records,1865-1872]
**{{RecordSearch|2432941|United States, Freedmen's Bureau Claim Records,1865-1872}} — [[United States, Freedmen's Bureau Claim Records - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]  
**[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2432992 United States, Freedmen's Bureau Hospital and Medical Records, 1865-1872]
**{{RecordSearch|2432992|United States, Freedmen's Bureau Hospital and Medical Records, 1865-1872}} — [[United States, Freedmen's Bureau Hospital and Medical Records - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]  
**[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2475025 United States, Freedmen's Bureau Labor Contracts, Indenture and Apprenticeship Records, 1865-1872]
**{{RecordSearch|2475025|United States, Freedmen's Bureau Labor Contracts, Indenture and Apprenticeship Records, 1865-1872}} — [[United States, Freedmen's Bureau Labor Contracts, Indenture and Apprenticeship Records - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]  
**[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1414908 United States, Freedmen's Bureau Marriages, 1861-1872]
**{{RecordSearch|1414908|United States, Freedmen's Bureau Marriages, 1861-1872}} — [[United States Freedmen’s Bureau Marriages - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]  
**[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2431759 United States, Freedmen's Bureau Ration Records,1865-1872]
**{{RecordSearch|2431759|United States, Freedmen's Bureau Ration Records,1865-1872}} — [[United States, Freedmen's Bureau Ration Records - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]  
**[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2515868 United States, Freedmen's Bureau Records of Persons and Articles Hired, 1865-1872]
**{{RecordSearch|2515868|United States, Freedmen's Bureau Records of Persons and Articles Hired, 1865-1872}} — [[United States, Freedmen's Bureau Records of Persons and Articles Hired - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]  
**[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2515865 United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Freedmen's Court Records, 1865-1872]
**{{RecordSearch|2515865|United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Freedmen's Court Records, 1865-1872}} — [[United States, Freedmen’s Bureau, Freedmen’s Court Records - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]  
**[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2515867 United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Land and Property Records, 1865-1872]
**{{RecordSearch|2515867|United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Land and Property Records, 1865-1872}} — [[United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Land and Property Records - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]  
**[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2492627 United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of Freedmen's Complaints, 1865-1872]
**{{RecordSearch|2492627|United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of Freedmen's Complaints, 1865-1872}} — [[United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of Freedmen's Complaints - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]  
**[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2427894 United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of the Superintendent of Education and of the Division of Education, 1865-1872]
**{{RecordSearch|2427894|United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of the Superintendent of Education and of the Division of Education, 1865-1872}} — [[United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of the Superintendent of Education and of the Division of Education - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]  
Other FamilySearch collections not included:
Other FamilySearch collections not included:
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2575789 United States Freedmen's Bureau Miscellaneous Records,1865-1872]
*{{RecordSearch|2575789|United States Freedmen's Bureau Miscellaneous Records,1865-1872}} — [[United States Freedmen's Bureau Miscellaneous Records - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2721171 United States Freedmen's Bureau, Records of Freedmen, 1865-1872]
*{{RecordSearch|2721171|United States Freedmen's Bureau, Records of Freedmen, 1865-1872}} — [[United States Freedmen’s Bureau, Records of Freedmen - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2427901 ''United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of the Assistant Commissioner, 1865-1872''] Images only. These reports primarily contain statistical and historical information. 
*{{RecordSearch|427901|United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of the Assistant Commissioner, 1865-1872}} Images — [[United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of the Assistant Commissioner - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]] <br>
*More collections are available in the FamilySearch Catalog. Search for "FREEDMEN - ALABAMA" in the Subjects search bar to find.
*More collections are available in the FamilySearch Catalog. Search for "FREEDMEN - ALABAMA" in the Subjects search bar to find.


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===School Records===
===School Records===
===Slavery Records===
===Slavery Records===
[https://www.genealogyjustask.com/single-post/enslavement-in-california-a-hidden-history Enslavement in California: A Hidden History]-(Genealogy Just Ask Blog)
===Vital Records===
===Vital Records===
====Birth====
====Birth====
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2001287 California, County Birth and Death Records, 1800-1994]. Information often includes name, date and place of birth, gender, and race.
*{{RecordSearch|2001287|California, County Birth and Death Records, 1800-1994}} at FamilySearch — [[California, County Birth and Death Records - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]
====Marriage====
====Marriage====
The Freedmen's Bureau (1865-1872) was created by the US government to assist former slaves in the southern United States. One of their responsibilities was to record the marriages (past and present) of the former slaves. These records can be found in the collections below and include the lists of marriages that occurred previously, marriage certificates, and marriage licenses.  The information contained on the records may include the name of the husband and wife/groom and bride, age, occupation, residence, year or date of marriage, by whom, number of children, and remarks.
The Freedmen's Bureau (1865-1872) was created by the US government to assist former slaves in the southern United States. One of their responsibilities was to record the marriages (past and present) of the former slaves. These records can be found in the collections below and include the lists of marriages that occurred previously, marriage certificates, and marriage licenses.  The information contained on the records may include the name of the husband and wife/groom and bride, age, occupation, residence, year or date of marriage, by whom, number of children, and remarks.
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/1414908 United States, Freedmen's Bureau Marriages, 1861-1872]
 
*[https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1231 U.S., Freedmen’s Bureau Marriage Records, 1846-1867]
*'''1846-1867''' [https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1231 U.S., Freedmen’s Bureau Marriage Records, 1846-1867] at Ancestry
*'''1861-1872''' {{RecordSearch|1414908|United States, Freedmen's Bureau Marriages, 1861-1872}} at FamilySearch — [[United States Freedmen’s Bureau Marriages - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]
 
====Death====
====Death====
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2001287 California, County Birth and Death Records, 1800-1994]. Information often includes name, date and place of death, residence, date and place of burial, gender, race, marital status, date of birth, and spouse.
*'''1800-1994''' {{RecordSearch|2001287|California, County Birth and Death Records, 1800-1994}} at FamilySearch — [[California, County Birth and Death Records - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]
====Divorce====
====Divorce====
===Voting Registers===
===Voting Records===
==Archives and Libraries==
==Archives and Libraries==
'''The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Project'''<br>
'''The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Project'''<br>
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Phone: (323) 806-5634<br>
Phone: (323) 806-5634<br>
Website: [http://caags.org/ CAAGS]
Website: [http://caags.org/ CAAGS]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/2559030 ''Beginning Genealogy'' Los Angeles, California : California African American Genealogical Society, 1997]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 11:58, 30 January 2025

California Wiki Topics
California flag.png
Beginning Research
Record Types
California Background
Cultural Groups
Local Research Resources

Introduction

Online Resources

Record Collections

  • 1861-1872 United States, Freedmen's Bureau Marriages, 1861-1872 at FamilySearchHow to Use this Collection
  • 1865-1874 United States, Freedman's Bank Records, 1865-1874 at FamilySearchHow to Use this Collection
  • 1800-1994 California, County Birth and Death Records, 1800-1994 at FamilySearchHow to Use this Collection
  • African American Digital Bookshelf - a growing list of digital books on FamilySearch and other websites
  • Discover Freedmen - this site searches all of the Freedmen's Bureau record collections on FamilySearch altogether (and redirects there)
  • William Alexander Leidesdorff, Jr. (October 23, 1810 – May 18, 1848), one of the earliest mixed-race U.S. citizens in California

    Lists of Sources

  • African American in California at ArchivesDigital Collection - Genealogy related information for various States and Provinces is available from a variety of servers which may be official government services, genealogy society efforts, or maintained by interested individuals.
  • California African American Genealogical Society - Links to various genealogical sites
  • Research Strategy

    Historys

  • African Americans in California - a helpful historical timeline that highlights people and events from the Spanish Era until 2003.
  • The California Underground Railroad - a collection of documents, letters, photographs, and newspapers documenting the experiences of African Americans in California. Compiled by California State University in Sacramento.
  • The Negro trail blazers of California - a compilation of records documenting the history of African Americans in California from the beginning of statehood.
  • Resources

    Biographies

    • Beasley, Delilah Leontium. The Negro Trail Blazers of California : a compilation of records from the California archives in the Bancroft Library at the University of California in Berkeley; and from the diaries, old papers, and conversations of old pioneers in the State of California. Los Angeles:[s.n.], - 317 p.: ill, ports F870.N38 B3 1919b FS Library Collection WorldCat Digital version
    • Goode, Kenneth F. California's Black Pioneers: A Brief Historical Survey. Santa Barbara, Calif.: McNally Loftin, 1974 [c1974].- xiii, 222p.:ill. E185.93 C2G66 1974
    • Lapp, Rudolph M. Blacks in Gold Rush California New Haven:Yale university Press, 1977 - xiv, 321 p., (Yale Western Americana Series; 29) E185.C2 L36
    • Vivian, Octavia B. The Story of the Negro in Los Angeles County. compiled by Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration under the supervision of Hugh Harlan. - [S.l.:s.n.], 1956. - 43 p. F868.L8 V5 1970
    • Los Angeles Negro Business Directory. - [Vol.1] 91952/53)- [Vol.2] (1953/54). - Los Angeles, 1953-1954 F869.L8 L82
    • History of Black American in Santa Clara Valley. [Prepared by the staff of the Garden City Women's Club]. - [Sunnyvale, Calif.: Lockheed Missiles & Space Co., c 1978]. - xxx, 220 p.:ill. F868.S25 G37 1978
    • Parker, Elizabeth L. and James Abajian. A Walking tour of the Black Presence in San Francisco during the nineteenth century: A Black history week event; - [San Francisco]: San Francisco African American Historical and Cultural Society 1974. - 23 p.: ill F869.S3 P22

    Cemeteries

    Census Records

    • California State Census of 1852 ($) - lists name, age, sex, race, profession, place of birth, residence, and number of negroes, mulattoes, domesticated Indians, and foreign residents.

    Church Records

    Los Angeles

    First African Methodisy Episcopal A.M.E. Churtch,(1872- ) History

    Sacramento

    St Andrews A.M.E. Church, (1850-) History

    San Jose

    Antioch Baptist Church, (1868-) History

    Emancipation Records

    Funeral Homes

    Genealogies

    Land and Property

    Plantation

    Obituaries

    Oral Histories

    Other Records

    Military Records

    Newspapers

    Probate Records

    Reconstruction Records

    Freedman’s Bank

    An excellent source is the Freedman’s Savings and Trust Company (visit the African American Freedman's Savings and Trust Company Records page to learn more). This company was created to assist African American soldiers of the Civil War and freed slaves. Freedman’s Savings and Trust Company signature cards or registers from 3 March 1865 to 25 July 1874 may list the name of the depositor, date of entry, age, birthplace, residence, complexion, name of employer or occupation, wife or husband’s name, death information, children’s names, name of father and mother, brothers’ and sisters’ names, remarks, and signature. Early books sometimes contained the name of the former master or mistress and the name of the plantation. Copies of death certificates were sometimes attached to the entries. The collection is organized alphabetically by state, then city where the bank was located, then date the account was established, then account number.

    Online collections of Freedman's Bank records:

    Freedmen's Bureau

    The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands was created by the US government in 1865 until 1872 to assist former slaves in the southern United States. The Bureau created a wide variety of records extremely valuable to genealogists. Such documents include censuses, marriage records, and medical records. These records often include full names, former masters and plantations, and current residences.[1] For 1865 and 1866, the section on abandoned and confiscated lands includes the names of the owners of the plantations or homes that were abandoned, confiscated, or leased. It gives the county and location, a description of the house, the number of acres owned, and the number of cabins of former slaves. These films do not appear to contain the names of former slaves.

    To find Freedmen's Bureau records:

    Other FamilySearch collections not included:

    Visit the African American Freedmen's Bureau Records page to learn more about utilizing these records.

    School Records

    Slavery Records

    Enslavement in California: A Hidden History-(Genealogy Just Ask Blog)

    Vital Records

    Birth

    Marriage

    The Freedmen's Bureau (1865-1872) was created by the US government to assist former slaves in the southern United States. One of their responsibilities was to record the marriages (past and present) of the former slaves. These records can be found in the collections below and include the lists of marriages that occurred previously, marriage certificates, and marriage licenses. The information contained on the records may include the name of the husband and wife/groom and bride, age, occupation, residence, year or date of marriage, by whom, number of children, and remarks.

    Death

    Divorce

    Voting Records

    Archives and Libraries

    The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Project
    UCLA African Studies Center
    10244 Bunche Hall, 405 Hilgard Avenue
    Los Angeles, CA 90095-1310
    Phone: (310) 825-3686
    Website: UCLA African Studies Center

    Societies

    California African American Genealogical Society
    P.O. Box 8442
    Los Angeles, CA 90008-0442
    Phone: (323) 806-5634
    Website: CAAGS

    References

    1. "African American Records: Freedmen's Bureau," "African American Heritage," National Archives, accessed 11 May 2018.