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Myanmar Emigration and Immigration: Difference between revisions

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== Immigration and naturalization records ==
== Online Records ==
*'''1878-1960''' [https://www.ancestry.co.uk/search/collections/1518/?event=_myanmar_5159 UK and Ireland, Incoming Passenger Lists, 1878-1960] at Ancestry - index & images ($)
*'''1890-1960''' [https://www.findmypast.com/search/results?sourcecategory=travel%20%26%20migration&sid=999 Passenger Lists Leaving UK 1890-1960] at Findmypast - index & images ($)
*'''1892-1924''' [https://www.familysearch.org/search/record/results?q.anyPlace=burma&q.anyPlace.exact=on&f.collectionId=1368704&count=20&offset=0&m.defaultFacets=on&m.queryRequireDefault=on&m.facetNestCollectionInCategory=on New York Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island), 1892-1924] Search results for Burma
*[[United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records]]
===British Subjects Overseas===
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1993&cj=1&sid=l&netid=cj&o_xid=0005719356&o_lid=0005719356&o_sch=Affiliate+External  UK, Foreign and Overseas Registers of British Subjects, 1628-1969], index ($)
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/143280 Parish register transcripts from the Presidency of Bengal, 1713-1948]  The Presidency of Bengal mainly included the states of Bihar and Orissa. At times the Presidency extended to Punjab and most of Northern India. Includes returns from the British colonies of Burma, Malacca and Singapore.
*[http://search.findmypast.com/results/world-records/british-armed-forces-and-overseas-births-and-baptisms?country=burma British Armed Forces and Overseas Births and Baptisms, Myanmar (formerly Burma) ], index & images ($)
*[http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/british-india-office-births-and-baptisms_sourceID=13&utm_source=affiliate&utm_content=Forebears&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=%20fmp_us&awc=5927_1504553585_448c96be28e4b3595cedddb41921e083&dclid=CP2ytPCijNYCFU9qAQodlCEDmQ British India Office Births & Baptisms], index
*[http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-records/british-civil-service-evidence-of-age?sourceID=13&utm_source=affiliate&utm_content=Forebears&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=%20fmp_us&awc=5927_1504556704_d81f7994f510d95e3a906e2b23e30a1f&dclid=CIyRsL-ujNYCFQMQPwodqFkOmQ British Civil Service Evidence Of Age], index ($)
*[https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-records/british-armed-forces-and-overseas-banns-and-marriages British Armed Forces and Overseas Banns and Marriages, Myanmar (formerly Burma) ], index & images ($)
*[http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/british-india-office-marriages?sourceID=13&utm_source=affiliate&utm_content=Forebears&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=%20fmp_us&awc=5927_1504554784_58ab5f66a397b890b2545de859037d90&dclid=CP3Lj6ynjNYCFYUTPwod2CQPxQ British India Office Marriages], index ($)
*[http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/british-armed-forces-and-overseas-deaths-and-burials British Armed Forces and Overseas Deaths and Burials] at Findmypast - index & images ($)
*[http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/british-india-office-deaths-and-burials?sourceID=13&utm_source=affiliate&utm_content=Forebears&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=%20fmp_us&awc=5927_1504555043_2aeb43b84eccfb3ecc55f606e06b6890&dclid=CN3b16eojNYCFQ9kfgod6ioFRg British India Office Deaths & Burials], index ($)


Research use: Very valuable for making proper connections to place of origin in other countries.
==Finding the Town of Origin in Myanmar (Burma)==
If you are using emigration/immigration records to find the name of your ancestors' town in Myanmar (Burma), see [[Myanmar Finding Town of Origin|'''Myanmar Finding Town of Origin''']] for additional research strategies.
==Myanmar (Burma) Emigration and Immigration==
<span style="color:DarkViolet">'''"Emigration"''' means moving out of a country. '''"Immigration"''' means moving into a country. </span><br>
Emigration and immigration sources list the names of people leaving (emigrating) or arriving (immigrating) in the country. These sources may be passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, or records of passports issued. The information in these records may include the emigrants’ names, ages, occupations, destinations, and places of origin or birthplaces. Sometimes they also show family groups.
[[Category:Emigration and Immigration Records]]


Record type: Record of immigrants, foreign residents, and citizens.
== Historical Background of Myanmar (Burma) ==
*In the 19th century, Burmese rulers, whose country had not previously been of particular interest to European traders sought to maintain their traditional influence. Pressing them, however, was the '''British East India Company''', which was expanding its interests eastwards. Over the next sixty years, diplomacy, raids, treaties and compromises, known collectively as the '''Anglo-Burmese Wars''', continued until Britain proclaimed control over most of Burma.
*Throughout the colonial era, '''many Indians arrived as soldiers, civil servants, construction workers and traders and, along with the Anglo-Burmese community, dominated commercial and civil life in Burma'''.
*'''East Indians''' were the most significant Asian minority in Myanmar until World War II, when hundreds of thousands '''fled the Japanese invasion'''.
*Although many returned after the war, the '''Indian minority never regained its prewar proportions''', because the government instituted '''rigid restrictions''' on Indian migration.
*The Indian population was substantially reduced between April 1963 and June 1965, when 100,000 were '''repatriated to India as part of a program to increase the wealth and holdings of Myanmar nationals'''.
*The government has sought to curtail both immigration and emigration, although as many as 500,000 persons may have left Myanmar during 1962–71.
*About 187,000 '''Muslims who fled to Bangladesh''' in 1978 were repatriated with the help of UN agencies by the end of 1981. they had left Myanmar because of alleged atrocities by its soldiers in Arakan State.
*In 1992, 250,000 '''Muslim refugees from Myanmar's Northern Rakhine state''' began arriving in '''Bangladesh''' claiming human rights abuses in Myanmar. Between 1994 and 1997, some 230,000 of these refugees returned home to Northern Rakhine state.
*On 4 January 1948, the nation became an independent republic, under the terms of the '''Burma Independence Act 1947. The new country was named the Union of Burma.''' The country's official English name '''changed from the "Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma" to the "Union of Myanmar"''' on 18 June 1989 by enacting the adaptation of the expression law.<ref name="myan">"Myanmar", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar, accessed 27 July 2021.</ref>


Time Period:  1824-present.
==Emigration From Myanmar (Burma)==
 
*There are over 600,000 '''registered migrant workers''' from Myanmar in Thailand, and millions more work illegally. Burmese citizens account for 80% of all migrant workers in Thailand.<ref name="myan"/>
Content: Immigrant’s name, age, occupation, birth date and place, former residence, destination; wife’s name, childrens’ given names and ages or number of children; religion, race, nationality, sometimes picture.
*Burmese diaspora refers to citizens of Burma (Myanmar) who have moved abroad, regardless of ethnicity.  
 
*Between 1.5 and 2 million Burmese nationals '''live in neighboring Thailand''', the largest destination for Burmese migrants.  
Location: National Archives, municipal archives.
*Some half a million work in '''Malaysia'''. Many were minorities in Burma.
 
*Significant numbers also reside in '''United Kingdom; Tokyo, Japan; followed by Singapore; Indonesia; Australia; India; Ireland and the United States.'''
Population coverage: 5%.
*Also included are many '''Anglo-Burmese''', primarily in '''Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada and the US.'''<ref>"Burmese diaspora", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_diaspora, accessed 27 July 2021.</ref>
 
==Records of Burmese Emigrants in Their Destination Nations==
Reliability:  Good.<ref name="profile">The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: Myanmar,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 2001.</ref>
{|
 
|-
== History ==
|[[File:Dark thin font green pin Version 4.png|150px]]
 
|<span style="color:DarkViolet">One option is to look for records about the ancestor in the '''country of destination, the country they immigrated into'''. See links to Wiki articles about immigration records for '''major''' destination countries below. Additional Wiki articles for other destinations can be found at [https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Category:Emigration_and_Immigration_Records '''Category:Emigration and Immigration Records'''.]  </span>
Indians were the most significant Asian minority in Myanmar until World War II, when hundreds of thousands fled the Japanese invasion; although many returned after the war, the Indian minority never regained its prewar proportions, because after independence in 1948 the government of Myanmar instituted rigid restrictions on Indian migration. The Indian population was substantially reduced between April 1963 and June 1965, when 100,000 were repatriated as part of a program to increase the wealth and holdings of Myanmar nationals. (Indians had dominated Myanmar's commerce.) The government has sought to curtail both immigration and emigration, although as many as 500,000 persons may have left Myanmar during 1962–71. About 187,000 Muslims who fled to Bangladesh in 1978 were repatriated with the help of UN agencies by the end of 1981; they had left Myanmar because of alleged atrocities by its soldiers in Arakan State. They lost their citizenship in 1982.  
|}
 
{|
About 500,000 poor urban residents were forcibly relocated to rural areas between 1989 and 1992. Rural residents are also subject to forced resettlement in connection with counterinsurgency operations.
|-
 
|style="padding-right:75px"|
In 1992, 250,000 Muslim refugees from Myanmar's Northern Rakhine state began arriving in Bangladesh claiming human rights abuses in Myanmar. As of October 1996, around 50,000 of these refugees from were still living in South Bangladesh in five refugee camps. Between 1994 and 1997, some 230,000 of these refugees returned home to Northern Rakhine state. The repatriation resumed in November 1998, following meetings between the UNHCR and Myanmar authorities, but returns were limited to some 450 people due to procedural problems. UNHCR has appealed to the governments of Myanmar and Bangladesh to accelerate the repatriation process.
*[[United States Emigration and Immigration]]
 
*[[Canada Emigration and Immigration]]
In 2000 the total number of migrants residing in Burma numbered 113,000. The net migration rate for that year was 0.1 per 1000 population. The government views the migration levels as satisfactory.
*[[Thailand Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[Malaysia Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[England Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[Singapore Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[Indonesia Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[Australia Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[India Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[Ireland Emigration and Immigration]]
*[[New Zealand Emigration and Immigration]]
|}


== References ==
== References ==

Latest revision as of 19:30, 20 March 2024


Myanmar Wiki Topics
Flag of Myanmar
Myanmar Beginning Research
Record Types
Myanmar Background
Cultural Groups
Local Research Resources

Online Records

British Subjects Overseas

Finding the Town of Origin in Myanmar (Burma)

If you are using emigration/immigration records to find the name of your ancestors' town in Myanmar (Burma), see Myanmar Finding Town of Origin for additional research strategies.

Myanmar (Burma) Emigration and Immigration

"Emigration" means moving out of a country. "Immigration" means moving into a country.
Emigration and immigration sources list the names of people leaving (emigrating) or arriving (immigrating) in the country. These sources may be passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, or records of passports issued. The information in these records may include the emigrants’ names, ages, occupations, destinations, and places of origin or birthplaces. Sometimes they also show family groups.

Historical Background of Myanmar (Burma)

  • In the 19th century, Burmese rulers, whose country had not previously been of particular interest to European traders sought to maintain their traditional influence. Pressing them, however, was the British East India Company, which was expanding its interests eastwards. Over the next sixty years, diplomacy, raids, treaties and compromises, known collectively as the Anglo-Burmese Wars, continued until Britain proclaimed control over most of Burma.
  • Throughout the colonial era, many Indians arrived as soldiers, civil servants, construction workers and traders and, along with the Anglo-Burmese community, dominated commercial and civil life in Burma.
  • East Indians were the most significant Asian minority in Myanmar until World War II, when hundreds of thousands fled the Japanese invasion.
  • Although many returned after the war, the Indian minority never regained its prewar proportions, because the government instituted rigid restrictions on Indian migration.
  • The Indian population was substantially reduced between April 1963 and June 1965, when 100,000 were repatriated to India as part of a program to increase the wealth and holdings of Myanmar nationals.
  • The government has sought to curtail both immigration and emigration, although as many as 500,000 persons may have left Myanmar during 1962–71.
  • About 187,000 Muslims who fled to Bangladesh in 1978 were repatriated with the help of UN agencies by the end of 1981. they had left Myanmar because of alleged atrocities by its soldiers in Arakan State.
  • In 1992, 250,000 Muslim refugees from Myanmar's Northern Rakhine state began arriving in Bangladesh claiming human rights abuses in Myanmar. Between 1994 and 1997, some 230,000 of these refugees returned home to Northern Rakhine state.
  • On 4 January 1948, the nation became an independent republic, under the terms of the Burma Independence Act 1947. The new country was named the Union of Burma. The country's official English name changed from the "Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma" to the "Union of Myanmar" on 18 June 1989 by enacting the adaptation of the expression law.[1]

Emigration From Myanmar (Burma)

  • There are over 600,000 registered migrant workers from Myanmar in Thailand, and millions more work illegally. Burmese citizens account for 80% of all migrant workers in Thailand.[1]
  • Burmese diaspora refers to citizens of Burma (Myanmar) who have moved abroad, regardless of ethnicity.
  • Between 1.5 and 2 million Burmese nationals live in neighboring Thailand, the largest destination for Burmese migrants.
  • Some half a million work in Malaysia. Many were minorities in Burma.
  • Significant numbers also reside in United Kingdom; Tokyo, Japan; followed by Singapore; Indonesia; Australia; India; Ireland and the United States.
  • Also included are many Anglo-Burmese, primarily in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada and the US.[2]

Records of Burmese Emigrants in Their Destination Nations

Dark thin font green pin Version 4.png One option is to look for records about the ancestor in the country of destination, the country they immigrated into. See links to Wiki articles about immigration records for major destination countries below. Additional Wiki articles for other destinations can be found at Category:Emigration and Immigration Records.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Myanmar", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar, accessed 27 July 2021.
  2. ↑ "Burmese diaspora", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_diaspora, accessed 27 July 2021.
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