Myanmar Languages: Difference between revisions

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''[[Myanmar Genealogy|Myanmar]]''
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|Name=Myanmar
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==Description==
*Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (also called Burma) is a country in Southeast Asia.
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_language '''Burmese'''], the mother tongue of the Bamar and '''official language of Myanmar''', is related to Tibetan and Chinese.
*Myanmar is home to four major language families:
**[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages '''Sino-Tibetan''']: These languages are most widely spoken.
***[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_language '''Burmese''']
***[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_people '''Karen''']
***[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kachin_people '''Kachin''']
***[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin_people '''Chin''']
***'''Chinese''' (mainly [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien '''Hokkien'''])
**[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages '''Tai–Kadai''']
***[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shan_language '''Shan''']
**[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages '''Austro-Asiatic''']
***[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon_language '''Mon''']
***[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaung_language '''Palaung''']: The Palaung people are divided into Palé, Rumai, and Shwe, and each of whom have their own language. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Palaung language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaung_language, accessed 11 April 2022.</ref>
***[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wa_people '''Wa''']
**[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages '''Indo-European''']
***[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pali '''Pali''']: Today Pali is studied mainly to gain access to Buddhist scriptures, and is frequently chanted in a ritual context. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Pali Today," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pali#Pali_today, accessed 11 April 2022.</ref>
***English
*More than a hundred languages are spoken in total. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Myanmar," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar, accessed 9 April 2022.</ref>


Spoken languages are affiliated with each ethnic group.  The name Burma was derived from the colloquial name used for the language and speakers of Bam.  In formal speech Myanm is preferred to Bam.  When the Burmese conquered the populous southern areas, they adopted colloquial vocabulary and pronunciations. Current efforts to use ethnic Burmese over colloquial variations have resulted in numerous “official” name changes. The pronunciation of the southern city of Rangoon has now become officially Yangon. The letter “r” in ethnic Burmese has coalesced with the letter “y.”  Burmese (also called Myanmarese) is the language of government, schools and television.  Other languages spoken regionally include the numerous indigenous ethnic languages, Chinese and Hindi.  English is widely used in business.  Records were kept in Burmese, English, Chinese, and languages of the ethnic groups.
==Word List(s)==
'''Burmese'''
*[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/burmese.php Useful phrases in Burmese (Omniglot)]


The Burmese script is a development of the Mon alphabet, and is non-roman and Indian in origin. The thirty three alphabetical characters are consonants. These are each modified by 12 or more vowel sounds in the written script. There is considerable variance between the colloquial modern spoken language used on television and the formal literary language used in published books, magazines and newspapers. This has resulted in wide variance of romanization values for modern Burmese.
'''Karen'''
<ref name="profile">The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: Myanmar,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 2001.</ref>
*[http://www.drumpublications.org/speak/speakkaren1.php Learn To Speak Karen (DrumPublication)]
 
'''Kachin''' or '''Jingpho'''
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TDu76b8hM2E The Sound of the Jingpho / Kachin language (YouTube)]
 
'''Chin''' or '''Zo (Zou)'''
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=audepoz8Dzo Learning Zomi language 41- phrases (YouTube)]
 
'''Chinese''' or '''Hokkien'''
*[[Chinese Genealogical Word List]]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien#Vocabulary Hokkien Vocabulary (Wikipedia)]
 
'''Shan'''
* Cushing, Josiah Nelson. ''Handbook of the Shan language.'' Rangoon: American Baptist Mission Press, 1888. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/13989559 WorldCat].
 
'''Mon'''
*[https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/mon.htm Useful phrases in Mon (Omniglot)]
 
'''Palaung'''
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYRuZkvH_yI The Sound of the Palaung / De'ang language (YouTube)]
 
'''Wa'''
*[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/wa.htm Wa Numbers (Omniglot)]
 
'''Pali'''
*[https://www.nku.edu/~kenneyr/Buddhism/glossary.html A Glossary of Pali & Buddhist terms (nku.edu)]
 
==Alphabet and Pronunciation==
'''Burmese'''
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_phonology Burmese phonology (Wikipedia)]
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/burmese.htm Burmese Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
 
'''Karen'''
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/karen.htm Karen Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
 
'''Kachin''' or '''Jingpho'''
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/jingpho.htm Jingpho Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
 
'''Chin''' or '''Zo (Zou)'''
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/zou.htm Zou Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
 
'''Chinese''' or '''Hokkien'''
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien#Phonology Hokkien phonology (Wikipedia)]
 
'''Shan'''
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/shan.htm Shan Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
 
'''Mon'''
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/mon.htm Mon Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
 
'''Palaung'''
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/palaung.htm Palaung Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
 
'''Wa'''
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/wa.htm Wa Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
 
'''Pali'''
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/pali.htm Pali Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
 
==Language Aids and Dictionaries==
'''Burmese'''
*[https://glosbe.com/en/my English to Burmese Dictionary (Glosbe)]
*[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/burmese_dictionary.htm Burmese Dictionary (Lexilogos)]
*[https://www.evaneos.com/burma/holidays/survival-vocabulary/ The most important vocabulary to know during your trip in Burma (Evaneos)]
 
'''Karen'''
*[https://glosbe.com/en/bwe English to Karen Dictionary (Glosbe)]
 
'''Kachin''' or '''Jingpho'''
*[https://glosbe.com/en/kac English to Kachin Dictionary (Glosbe)]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ILwpVm9tV0 Kachin - Jinghpaw language & English language (YouTube)]
 
'''Chin''' or '''Zo (Zou)'''
*[https://glosbe.com/en/zom English to Zou Dictionary (Glosbe)]
 
'''Chinese''' or '''Hokkien'''
*[https://glosbe.com/en/zh English to Chinese Dictionary (Glosbe)]
 
'''Shan'''
*[https://glosbe.com/en/shn English to Shan Dictionary (Glosbe)]
 
'''Mon'''
*[https://glosbe.com/en/mnw English to Mon Dictionary (Glosbe)]
 
'''Palaung'''
*[https://glosbe.com/en/pce English to Ruching Palaung Dictionary (Glosbe)]
*[https://glosbe.com/en/rbb English to Rumai Palaung Dictionary (Glosbe)]
*[https://glosbe.com/en/pll English to Shwe Palaung Dictionary (Glosbe)]
 
'''Wa'''
*[https://glosbe.com/en/wbm English to Wa Dictionary (Glosbe)]
 
'''Pali'''
*[https://glosbe.com/en/pi English to Pali Dictionary (Glosbe)]
 
==Additional Resources==
*[https://www.worldnomads.com/explore/southeast-asia/myanmar/useful-burmese-phrases-for-travelers-to-myanmar Useful Burmese Phrases for Travelers to Myanmar (WorldNomads)]
*[https://www.britannica.com/place/Myanmar Myanmar (Britannica)]
*[https://wikitravel.org/en/Myanmar Myanmar (Wikitravel)]


== References ==
== References ==

Latest revision as of 19:31, 20 March 2024


Myanmar Wiki Topics
Flag of Myanmar
Myanmar Beginning Research
Record Types
Myanmar Background
Cultural Groups
Local Research Resources

Description[edit | edit source]

  • Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (also called Burma) is a country in Southeast Asia.
  • Burmese, the mother tongue of the Bamar and official language of Myanmar, is related to Tibetan and Chinese.
  • Myanmar is home to four major language families:
  • More than a hundred languages are spoken in total. [3]

Word List(s)[edit | edit source]

Burmese

Karen

Kachin or Jingpho

Chin or Zo (Zou)

Chinese or Hokkien

Shan

  • Cushing, Josiah Nelson. Handbook of the Shan language. Rangoon: American Baptist Mission Press, 1888. Available at: WorldCat.

Mon

Palaung

Wa

Pali

Alphabet and Pronunciation[edit | edit source]

Burmese

Karen

Kachin or Jingpho

Chin or Zo (Zou)

Chinese or Hokkien

Shan

Mon

Palaung

Wa

Pali

Language Aids and Dictionaries[edit | edit source]

Burmese

Karen

Kachin or Jingpho

Chin or Zo (Zou)

Chinese or Hokkien

Shan

Mon

Palaung

Wa

Pali

Additional Resources[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Palaung language," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaung_language, accessed 11 April 2022.
  2. ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Pali Today," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pali#Pali_today, accessed 11 April 2022.
  3. ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Myanmar," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar, accessed 9 April 2022.
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