Fall Line Road: Difference between revisions

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''[[United States|United States]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]]  [[United States Migration Internal|Migration]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]]  [[US Migration Trails and Roads|Trails and Roads]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]]  [[Fall_Line_Road|Fall Line Road]]''
| link1=[[United States Genealogy|United States]]
| link2=[[United States Migration Internal|Migration]]
| link3=[[US Migration Trails and Roads|Migration Trails and Roads]]
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| link5=[[Fall Line Road|Fall Line Road]]
}} 


 
At the southeastern edge of the Piedmont is the (water)fall line, where rivers drop to the coastal plain. Towns grew at the fall line because cargo on boats had to be portaged around the waterfalls which also served as an important early source of water power. Mills built to harness this resource encouraged the growth of towns. The larger rivers were navigable up to the fall line, providing a trade route for these mill towns.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "South Carolina" in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina (accessed 20 January 2011).</ref>  
At the southeastern edge of the Piedmont is the (water)fall line, where rivers drop to the coastal plain. Towns grew at the fall line because cargo on boats had to be portaged around the waterfalls which also served as an important early source of water power. Mills built to harness this resource encouraged the growth of towns. The larger rivers were navigable from the ocean up to the fall line, providing a trade route for those mill towns.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "South Carolina" in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina (accessed 20 January 2011).</ref>  


The '''Fall Line Road''' (or Southern Road) was the road built to connect most of those growing mill towns.  
The '''Fall Line Road''' (or Southern Road) was the road built to connect most of those growing mill towns.  


As roads developed in America settlers were attracted to nearby communities because the roads provided access to markets. They could sell their products at distant markets, and buy products made far away. If an ancestor settled near a road, you may be able to trace back to a place of origin on a connecting highway. [[Image:Colonial Roads in the South.png|right|400px]]
As roads developed in America settlers were attracted to nearby communities because the roads provided access to markets. They could sell their products at distant markets, and buy products made far away. If an ancestor settled near a road, you may be able to trace back to a place of origin on a connecting highway.  


=== Historical Background  ===
=== Historical Background  ===


By 1735 the '''Fall Line Road''' forked off of the [[King's Highway]] at Fredericksburg, Virginia and continued south along the fall line, a geographic dropoff seperating the Tidewater from the Piedmont regions. The rivers above each waterfall or rapid were relatively easy to ford because they were not subject to ocean tides, or marshes. Connecting the river fords and nearby mill towns with overland roads helped migration and trade.<ref name="BWhit">Beverly Whitaker, "The Fall Line Road" (2006) in ''Genealogy Tutor'' at http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~gentutor/FallLine.pdf (accessed 23 January 2011).</ref>  
a<ref name="DollarM">William Dollarhide, ''Map Guide to American Migration Routes 1735-1815'' (Bountiful, Utah: Heritage Quest, 1997), ???. ({{FHL|660781|item|disp=FHL Book 973 E3d}}). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38096564 WorldCat entry].</ref>  


North Carolina law only required the building of roads from a town to the "nearest landing." So North Carolina was slow to develope roads between towns.<ref name="BWhit" /> The Fall Line Road was historically significant because it was the first into the interior connecting towns away from the coast of Virginia and the Carolinas. <ref name="DollarM">William Dollarhide, ''Map Guide to American Migration Routes 1735-1815'' (Bountiful, Utah: Heritage Quest, 1997), 5, 10, 33, and 36. ({{FSC|660781|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 E3d}}). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38096564 WorldCat entry].</ref>
=== Route  ===


After several Indian removals from 1790 to 1826 the Fall Line Road was slowly further extended from Augusta to the west Georgia border for white settlers. In 1831 the final treaty was signed that allowed settlers to follow the road and settle along it as far as Montgomery, Alabama.  
Some consider the start of the '''Fall Line Road''' to be Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It follows the same route from there to Fredericksburg, Viriginia as the [[Great Valley Road]].  


The length of the Fall Line Road is about 170 miles (274 km) from Philadelphia to Fredericksburg, and about 1030 miles (1658 km) from Fredericksburg to Montgomery.<ref name="HBG">''Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed.'' (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), 849. ({{FSC|1049485|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 D27e 2002}}). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50140092 WorldCat entry.]</ref>
'''By Town''' ''(Northeast to Southwest)''<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Fall line" in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_line (accessed 20 January 2011).</ref>  


=== Route  ===
'''Towns on the Fall Line''' ''(Northeast to Southwest)''<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Fall line" in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_line (accessed 20 January 2011).</ref>
*Trenton, NJ: Delaware R.
*Philadelphia, PA: Schuylkill R.
*Wilmington, DE: Brandywine Creek
*Baltimore, MD: Patapsco R.
*Georgetown, DC: Potomac R.
*Fredericksburg, VA: Rappahannock R.  
*Fredericksburg, VA: Rappahannock R.  
*Richmond, VA: James R.  
*Richmond, VA: James R.  
Line 44: Line 28:
*Augusta, GA: Savannah R.  
*Augusta, GA: Savannah R.  
*Milledgeville, GA: Oconee R.  
*Milledgeville, GA: Oconee R.  
*Macon, GA: Ocmulgee R.
*Macon, GA: Ocmulgee R.
*Columbus, GA: Chattahoochee R.
*Tallassee, AL: Tallapoosa R.
*Wetumpka, AL: Coosa R.
<div style="float: left; width: 100%">
Some consider the start of the '''Fall Line Road''' to be Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It follows the same route from there to Fredericksburg, Virginia as the [[King's Highway]]. The '''Fall Line Road''' and [[Upper Road]] both spit off from the [[King's Highway]] at Fredericksburg. Most but not all towns on the Fall Line are connected by the Fall Line Road.  


'''Counties or Independent Cities on the Fall Line Road'''<ref name="HBG" />  
'''By County or Independent City'''<ref name="HBG">''Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed.'' (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), 849. ({{FHL|1049485|item|disp=FHL Book 973 D27e 2002}}). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50140092 WorldCat entry.]</ref>  


*'''''Pennsylvania:''''' [[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania Genealogy|Philadelphia]], [[Delaware County, Pennsylvania Genealogy|Delaware]]
*'''''Virginia:''''' [[Fredericksburg, Virginia|Fredericksburg]], [[Spotsylvania County, Virginia|Spotsylvania]], [[Caroline County, Virginia|Caroline]], [[Hanover County, Virginia|Hanover]], [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], [[Henrico County, Virginia|Henrico]], [[Chesterfield County, Virginia|Chesterfield]], [[Petersburg, Virginia|Petersburg]], [[Dinwiddie County, Virginia|Dinwiddie]], [[Brunswick County, Virginia|Brunswick]]  
*'''''Delaware:''''' [[New Castle County, Delaware Genealogy|New Castle]]
*'''''Maryland:''''' [[Cecil County, Maryland Genealogy|Cecil]], [[Harford County, Maryland Genealogy|Harford]], [[Baltimore County, Maryland Genealogy|Baltimore]], [[Baltimore City, Maryland Genealogy|Baltimore City]], [[Anne Arundel County, Maryland Genealogy|Anne Arundel]], [[Howard County, Maryland Genealogy|Howard]], [[Prince George's County, Maryland Genealogy|Prince George's]]
*'''''District of Columbia:''''' [[Georgetown District, South Carolina|Georgetown]]
*'''''Virginia:''''' [[Arlington County, Virginia|Arlington]], [[Fairfax County, Virginia|Fairfax]], [[Prince William County, Virginia|Prince William]], [[Stafford County, Virginia|Stafford]], [[Fredericksburg, Virginia|Fredericksburg]], [[Spotsylvania County, Virginia|Spotsylvania]], [[Caroline County, Virginia|Caroline]], [[Hanover County, Virginia|Hanover]], [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], [[Henrico County, Virginia|Henrico]], [[Chesterfield County, Virginia|Chesterfield]], [[Petersburg, Virginia|Petersburg]], [[Dinwiddie County, Virginia|Dinwiddie]], [[Brunswick County, Virginia|Brunswick]]  
*'''''North Carolina:''''' [[Warren County, North Carolina|Warren]], [[Franklin County, North Carolina|Franklin]], [[Wake County, North Carolina|Wake]], [[Johnston County, North Carolina|Johnston]], [[Harnett County, North Carolina|Harnett]], [[Cumberland County, North Carolina|Cumberland]], [[Hoke County, North Carolina|Hoke]], [[Scotland County, North Carolina|Scotland]]  
*'''''North Carolina:''''' [[Warren County, North Carolina|Warren]], [[Franklin County, North Carolina|Franklin]], [[Wake County, North Carolina|Wake]], [[Johnston County, North Carolina|Johnston]], [[Harnett County, North Carolina|Harnett]], [[Cumberland County, North Carolina|Cumberland]], [[Hoke County, North Carolina|Hoke]], [[Scotland County, North Carolina|Scotland]]  
*'''''South Carolina:''''' [[Marlboro County, South Carolina|Marlboro]], [[Chesterfield County, South Carolina|Chesterfield]], [[Kershaw County, South Carolina|Kershaw]], [[Richland County, South Carolina|Richland]], [[Lexington County, South Carolina|Lexington]], [[Aiken County, South Carolina|Aiken]]  
*'''''South Carolina:''''' [[Marlboro County, South Carolina|Marlboro]], [[Chesterfield County, South Carolina|Chesterfield]], [[Kershaw County, South Carolina|Kershaw]], [[Richland County, South Carolina|Richland]], [[Lexington County, South Carolina|Lexington]], [[Aiken County, South Carolina|Aiken]]  
*'''''Georgia:''''' [[Richmond County, Georgia Genealogy|Richmond]], [[McDuffie County, Georgia Genealogy|McDuffie]], [[Warren County, Georgia Genealogy|Warren]], [[Hancock County, Georgia Genealogy|Hancock]], [[Baldwin County, Georgia Genealogy|Baldwin]], [[Jones County, Georgia Genealogy|Jones]], [[Bibb County, Georgia Genealogy|Bibb]], [[Crawford County, Georgia Genealogy|Crawford]], [[Taylor County, Georgia Genealogy|Taylor]], [[Talbot County, Georgia Genealogy|Talbot]], [[Muscogee County, Georgia Genealogy|Muscogee]]  
*'''''Georgia:''''' [[Richmond County, Georgia|Richmond]], [[McDuffie County, Georgia|McDuffie]], [[Warren County, Georgia|Warren]], [[Hancock County, Georgia|Hancock]], [[Baldwin County, Georgia|Baldwin]], [[Jones County, Georgia|Jones]], [[Bibb County, Georgia|Bibb]], [[Crawford County, Georgia|Crawford]], [[Taylor County, Georgia|Taylor]], [[Talbot County, Georgia|Talbot]], [[Muscogee County, Georgia|Muscogee]]  
*'''''Alabama:''''' [[Russell County, Alabama Genealogy|Russell]], [[Lee County, Alabama Genealogy|Lee]], [[Macon County, Alabama Genealogy|Macon]], [[Tallapoosa County, Alabama Genealogy|Tallapoosa]], [[Elmore County, Alabama Genealogy|Elmore]], [[Montgomery County, Alabama Genealogy|Montgomery]]
*'''''Alabama:''''' [[Russell County, Alabama|Russell]], [[Lee County, Alabama|Lee]], [[Macon County, Alabama|Macon]], [[Montgomery County, Alabama|Montgomery]]


=== Settlers and Records  ===
=== Settlers and Records  ===


No lists of settlers who used the Fall Line Road are known to exist. However, local and county histories along the road may reveal that many of the first pioneer settlers arrived from places to the northeast along the route.  
No lists of settlers who used the Fall Line Road are known to exist.  


Most settlers would have moved from the northeast to the southwest along the Fall Line Road. People from Pennsylvania (especially around the major port city of Philadelphia), southern New Jersey, eastern Maryland, and northern Virginia would be the most likely starting places for Fall Line Road travelers. They would have settled in places like Richmond or Petersburg in southern Virginia, or in the Carolinas, or Augusta, Georgia until about 1790. The Georgia portion of the road was not open to most white settlers until after a series of treaties from 1790 to 1826. In 1831 the last treaty made the road clear to settlers all the way to Montgomery, Alabama.
=== Sources  ===


The Scots-Irish (or Ulster Irish) were among the more common ethinic groups found plying the Fall Line Road.
{{reflist}}


=== Sources  ===
{{Virginia|Virginia}}{{North Carolina|North Carolina}}{{South Carolina|South Carolina}}{{Georgia|Georgia}}{{Alabama|Alabama}}


{{reflist}}
[[Category:Migration_Routes]] [[Category:US_Migration_Trails_and_Roads]] [[Category:Virginia]] [[Category:North_Carolina]] [[Category:South_Carolina]] [[Category:Georgia]] [[Category:Alabama]]
{{Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania}}{{Maryland|Maryland}}{{District of Columbia|District of Columbia}}{{Virginia|Virginia}}{{North Carolina|North Carolina}}{{South Carolina|South Carolina}}{{Georgia|Georgia}}{{Alabama|Alabama}}</div>
[[Category:Migration_Routes]] [[Category:US_Migration_Trails_and_Roads]] [[Category:Pennsylvania Migration Routes]] [[Category:Delaware Migration Routes]] [[Category:Maryland Migration Routes]] [[Category:District_of_Columbia Migration Routes]] [[Category:Virginia Migration Routes]] [[Category:North Carolina Migration Routes]] [[Category:South Carolina Migration Routes]] [[Category:Georgia (state) Migration Routes]] [[Category:Alabama Migration Routes]]

Revision as of 10:19, 20 January 2011

United States  Gotoarrow.png  Migration  Gotoarrow.png  Trails and Roads  Gotoarrow.png  Fall Line Road

At the southeastern edge of the Piedmont is the (water)fall line, where rivers drop to the coastal plain. Towns grew at the fall line because cargo on boats had to be portaged around the waterfalls which also served as an important early source of water power. Mills built to harness this resource encouraged the growth of towns. The larger rivers were navigable up to the fall line, providing a trade route for these mill towns.[1]

The Fall Line Road (or Southern Road) was the road built to connect most of those growing mill towns.

As roads developed in America settlers were attracted to nearby communities because the roads provided access to markets. They could sell their products at distant markets, and buy products made far away. If an ancestor settled near a road, you may be able to trace back to a place of origin on a connecting highway.

Historical Background[edit | edit source]

a[2]

Route[edit | edit source]

Some consider the start of the Fall Line Road to be Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It follows the same route from there to Fredericksburg, Viriginia as the Great Valley Road.

By Town (Northeast to Southwest)[3]

  • Fredericksburg, VA: Rappahannock R.
  • Richmond, VA: James R.
  • Petersburg, VA: Appomattox R.
  • Roanoke Rapids, NC: Roanoke R.
  • Smithfield, NC: Neuse R.
  • Fayetteville, NC: Cape Fear R.
  • Cheraw, SC: Pee Dee R.
  • Camden, SC: Wateree R.
  • Columbia, SC: Congaree R.
  • Augusta, GA: Savannah R.
  • Milledgeville, GA: Oconee R.
  • Macon, GA: Ocmulgee R.

By County or Independent City[4]

Settlers and Records[edit | edit source]

No lists of settlers who used the Fall Line Road are known to exist.

Sources[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "South Carolina" in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina (accessed 20 January 2011).
  2. ↑ William Dollarhide, Map Guide to American Migration Routes 1735-1815 (Bountiful, Utah: Heritage Quest, 1997), ???. (FHL Book 973 E3d). WorldCat entry.
  3. ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Fall line" in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_line (accessed 20 January 2011).
  4. ↑ Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed. (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), 849. (FHL Book 973 D27e 2002). WorldCat entry.
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