Arabic Genealogical Word List: Difference between revisions
(→Introduction: added a bunch of new info) |
|||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
This list contains Arabic words with their English transliterations and translations. The words included here are those likely to be found in genealogical sources. For any words not contained in the list, please see "Additional Arabic Language Resources" below for suggestions on dictionaries and websites. | This list contains Arabic words with their English transliterations and translations. The words included here are those likely to be found in genealogical sources. For any words not contained in the list, please see "Additional Arabic Language Resources" below for suggestions on dictionaries and websites. | ||
Arabic is a Semitic language, placing it in the same family as Hebrew and Aramaic. It is spoken as a first language by almost 300 million people in the Middle East and North Africa<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Arabic," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic, accessed 25 Sep 2024.</ref> and is commonly learned as a second language, particularly by non-Arab Muslims due to its | Arabic is a Semitic language, placing it in the same family as Hebrew and Aramaic. It is spoken as a first language by almost 300 million people in the Middle East and North Africa<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Arabic," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic, accessed 25 Sep 2024.</ref> and is commonly learned as a second language, particularly by non-Arab Muslims due to its role as the liturgical language of Islam. | ||
The term "Arabic language" generally refers to both Modern Standard Arabic, the standardized, formal Arabic used for official purposes, including record keeping; and the diverse array of Arabic dialects spoken as a first language at home and in daily life. Arabic dialects are rarely written down, especially in official documents, so this page focuses on Modern Standard Arabic. However, dialects are commonly used in oral histories, so resources for spoken Arabic are included as well. | The term "Arabic language" generally refers to both Modern Standard Arabic, the standardized, formal Arabic used for literature and official purposes, including record keeping; and the diverse array of Arabic dialects spoken as a first language at home and in daily life. Arabic dialects are rarely written down, especially in official documents, so this page focuses on Modern Standard Arabic. However, dialects are commonly used in oral histories, so resources for spoken Arabic are included as well. | ||
== Language Characteristics == | == Language Characteristics == | ||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
===Arabic Alphabet=== | ===Arabic Alphabet=== | ||
Arabic is written using the Arabic alphabet (Ar: أَبْجَدِيّة) which consists of 28 letters and is written from right to left.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Arabic Alphabet," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_alphabet, accessed 29 Aug 2024.</ref> The Arabic alphabet is considered an abjad, meaning that typically only consonants and long vowels are written, while short vowels are either excluded and inferred by the reader or written as diacritics above or under consonants. The Arabic script is also cursive; most letters connect to the subsequent letter in a word, meaning that most letters vary in form depending on where they fall in a word. | Arabic is written using the Arabic alphabet (Ar: أَبْجَدِيّة) which consists of 28 letters and is written from right to left.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Arabic Alphabet," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_alphabet, accessed 29 Aug 2024.</ref> The Arabic alphabet is considered an abjad, meaning that typically only consonants and long vowels are written, while short vowels are either excluded and inferred by the reader or written as diacritics above or under consonants. The Arabic script is also cursive; most letters connect to the subsequent letter in a word, meaning that most letters vary in form depending on where they fall in a word. | ||
==== Arabic Consonants and Long Vowels ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Independent Form | !Independent Form | ||
!Initial Form (beginning of a word) | !Initial Form (beginning of a word) | ||
| Line 48: | Line 49: | ||
|ـثـ | |ـثـ | ||
|ـث | |ـث | ||
|th | |th (similar to "<u>th</u>ank") | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ج | |ج | ||
| Line 78: | Line 79: | ||
|ـذ | |ـذ | ||
|ـذ | |ـذ | ||
|th, dh | |th, dh (similar to "<u>th</u>is") | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ر | |ر | ||
| Line 194: | Line 195: | ||
|y | |y | ||
|} | |} | ||
==== Arabic Diacritics ==== | |||
Arabic diacritics include short vowels and other symbols written either above or below consonants. Diacritics are rarely used outside of religious texts but are sometimes included to reduce ambiguity. | |||
==== Additional Letters and Ligatures ==== | |||
In addition to | |||
== Additional Arabic Language Resources == | == Additional Arabic Language Resources == | ||
Revision as of 10:40, 25 September 2024
| Arabic Genealogical Word List | |
 | |
| Downloadable Word List | |
|
| |
| Associated Countries | |
Introduction[edit | edit source]
This list contains Arabic words with their English transliterations and translations. The words included here are those likely to be found in genealogical sources. For any words not contained in the list, please see "Additional Arabic Language Resources" below for suggestions on dictionaries and websites.
Arabic is a Semitic language, placing it in the same family as Hebrew and Aramaic. It is spoken as a first language by almost 300 million people in the Middle East and North Africa[1] and is commonly learned as a second language, particularly by non-Arab Muslims due to its role as the liturgical language of Islam.
The term "Arabic language" generally refers to both Modern Standard Arabic, the standardized, formal Arabic used for literature and official purposes, including record keeping; and the diverse array of Arabic dialects spoken as a first language at home and in daily life. Arabic dialects are rarely written down, especially in official documents, so this page focuses on Modern Standard Arabic. However, dialects are commonly used in oral histories, so resources for spoken Arabic are included as well.
Language Characteristics[edit | edit source]
Arabic Alphabet[edit | edit source]
Arabic is written using the Arabic alphabet (Ar: أَبْجَدِيّة) which consists of 28 letters and is written from right to left.[2] The Arabic alphabet is considered an abjad, meaning that typically only consonants and long vowels are written, while short vowels are either excluded and inferred by the reader or written as diacritics above or under consonants. The Arabic script is also cursive; most letters connect to the subsequent letter in a word, meaning that most letters vary in form depending on where they fall in a word.
Arabic Consonants and Long Vowels[edit | edit source]
| Independent Form | Initial Form (beginning of a word) | Medial Form (middle of a word) | Final Form (end of a word) | Common English Transliterations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ا | ا | ـا | ـا | a, ā |
| ب | بـ | ـبـ | ـب | b |
| ت | تـ | ـتـ | ـت | t |
| ث | ثـ | ـثـ | ـث | th (similar to "thank") |
| ج | جـ | ـجـ | ـج | j, dj, g |
| ح | حـ | ـحـ | ـح | h, ḥ |
| خ | خـ | ـخـ | ـخ | kh, x, ḵ |
| د | د | ـد | ـد | d |
| ذ | ذ | ـذ | ـذ | th, dh (similar to "this") |
| ر | ر | ـر | ـر | r |
| ز | ز | ـز | ـز | z |
| س | سـ | ـسـ | ـس | s |
| ش | شـ | ـشـ | ـش | sh, š |
| ص | صـ | ـصـ | ـص | s, ṣ |
| ض | ضـ | ـضـ | ـض | d, ḍ |
| ط | طـ | ـطـ | ـط | t, ṭ |
| ظ | ظـ | ـظـ | ـظ | th, ẓ, z |
| ع | عـ | ـعـ | ـع | ', ʿ, 3 |
| غ | غـ | ـغـ | ـغ | gh, ḡ |
| ف | فـ | ـفـ | ـف | f |
| ق | قـ | ـقـ | ـق | q |
| ك | كـ | ـكـ | ـك | k |
| ل | لـ | ـلـ | ـل | l |
| م | مـ | ـمـ | ـم | m |
| ن | نـ | ـنـ | ـن | n |
| ه | هـ | ـهـ | ـه | h |
| و | و | ـو | ـو | w |
| ي | يـ | ـيـ | ـي | y |
Arabic Diacritics[edit | edit source]
Arabic diacritics include short vowels and other symbols written either above or below consonants. Diacritics are rarely used outside of religious texts but are sometimes included to reduce ambiguity.
Additional Letters and Ligatures[edit | edit source]
In addition to
Additional Arabic Language Resources[edit | edit source]
Arabic Paleography[edit | edit source]
Dictionaries[edit | edit source]
- The Concise Oxford English-Arabic Dictionary of Current Usage
- The School Dictionary, English-Arabic
- Online Arabic dictionary
Language Helps[edit | edit source]
- Arabic languages overviews
- Arabic script
- Arabic language resources
- Islamic Calendar converter
- Arabic Transliteration information
- Arabic to Latin Converter
General Word List[edit | edit source]
| English | Arabic | Transliteration |
|---|---|---|
| birth | وِلادة, ميلاد | wilādah, mīlād |
| death | مَوْت , وَفاة | mawt, wafāh |
| marriage | زَواج , قِران , زِفاف | zawāj, qirān, zifāf |
| burial | دَفْن | dafn |
| month | شَهْر | šahr |
| day | يَوْم | yawm |
| year | سِنة | sinah |
| family name | اِسْم العائِلة | ism al-ʿāʾilah |
| first name | الاِسْم الأَوَّل | al-ism al-awwal |
| village | قَرِية | qariyah |
| town | بَلْدة | baldah |
| city | مَدينة | madīnah |
| country | بَلَد , دَوْلة | balad, dawlah |
| 1 - one | واحِد | wāḥid |
| 2 - two | اِثْنان، اِثْنَيْن | ithnān, ithnayn |
| 3 - three | ثَلاثة | thalāthah |
| 4 - four | أَرْبَعة | ʾarbaʿah |
| 5 - five | خَمْسة | khamsah |
| 6 - six | سِتّة | sittah |
| 7 - seven | سَبْعة | sabʿah |
| 8 - eight | ثَمانية | thamāniyah |
| 9 - nine | تِسْعة | tisʿah |
| 10 - ten | عَشَرة | ʿašarah |
| 11 - eleven | أَحَد عَشَر | ʾaḥad ʿašar |
| 12 - twelve | اِثْنا/اِثْنَي عَشَر | ithna/ithnay ʿašar |
| 13 - thirteen | ثَلاثة عَشَر | thalāthat ʿašar |
| 14 - fourteen | أَرْبَعة عَشَر | ʾarbaʿat ʿašar |
| 15 - fifteen | خَمْسَة عَشَر | khamsat ʿašar |
| 16 - sixteen | سِتّة عَشَر | sittat ʿašar |
| 17 - seventeen | سَبْعة عَشَر | sabʿat ʿašar |
| 18 - eighteen | ثَمانية عَشَر | thamāniyat ʿašar |
| 19 - nineteen | تِسْعة عَشَر | tisʿat ʿašar |
| 20 - twenty | عِشْرون | ʿišrūn |
| 30 - thirty | ثَلاثون | thalāthūn |
| 40 - forty | أَرْبَعون | ʾarbaʿūn |
| 50 - fifty | خَمْسون | khamsūn |
| 60 - sixty | سِتّون | sittūn |
| 70 - seventy | سَبْعون | sabʿūn |
| 80 - eighty | ثَمانون | thamānūn |
| 90 - ninety | تِسْعون | tisʿūn |
| 100 - one hundred | مِئة / مائة | miʾah |
Family Relationships[edit | edit source]
| English | Arabic | Transliteration |
|---|---|---|
| father | أَب | ʾab |
| mother | أُمّ | ʾumm |
| son | اِبْن، وَلَد | ibn, walad |
| daughter | اِبْنة، بِنْت | ibnah, bint |
| brother | أَخ , شَقيق | ʾakh, šaqīq |
| sister | أُخْت، شَقيقة | ʾukht, šaqīqah |
| wife | زَوْجة | zawjah |
| husband | زَوْج | zawj |
| grandfather | جَدّ | jadd |
| grandmother | جَدّة | jaddah |
| grandson | حَفيد | ḥafīd |
| granddaughter | حَفيدة | ḥafīdah |
| paternal uncle | عَمّ | ʿamm |
| maternal uncle | خال | khāl |
| paternal aunt | عَمّة | ʿammah |
| maternal aunt | خالة | khālah |
| paternal male cousin | اِبْن العَمّ | ibn al-ʿamm |
| maternal male cousin | اِبْن الخال | ibn al-khāl |
| paternal female cousin | بِنْت العَمّ | bint al-ʿamm |
| maternal female cousin | بِنْت الخال | bint al-khāl |
| nephew (brother's son) | اِبْن الأَخ | ibn al-ʾakh |
| nephew (sister's son) | اِبْن الأُخْت | ibn al-ʾukht |
| niece (brother’s daughter) | اِبْنة/بِنْت الأَخ | ibnat/bint al-ʾakh |
| niece (sister’s daughter) | اِبْنة/بِنْت الأُخْت | ibnat/bint al-ʾukht |
Dates/Time[edit | edit source]
Aramaic months used in the Levant[edit | edit source]
| English | Arabic | Pronunciation |
| January | كانون الثاني | Kānūn al-Thānī |
| February | شُباط | Šubāṭ |
| March | آذار | ‘Ādār |
| April | نيسان | Nīsān |
| May | أَيّار | ‘Ayyār |
| June | حَزيران | Ḥazīrān |
| July | تَمّوز | Tammūz |
| August | آب | ‘Āb |
| September | أَيْلول | Aylūl |
| October | تِشْرين الأَوَّل | Tišrīn al-Awwal |
| November | تِشْرين الثاني | Tišrīn al-Thānī |
| December | كانون الأَوَّل | Kānūn al-Awwal |
Gregorian calendar months[edit | edit source]
| English | Arabic | Pronunciatioin |
| January | يَنايِر | yanāyir |
| February | فِبْرايِر | fibrāyir |
| March | مارِس | māris |
| April | أَبْريل/إِبْريل | abrīl/ibrīl |
| May | مايو | māyū |
| June | يونيو/يونيه | yūnyū/yūnya |
| July | يوليو/يوليه | yūlyū/yūlia |
| August | أَغُسْطُس | aġustus |
| September | سِبْتَمْبِر | sibtambir |
| October | أُكْتوبَر | uktūbar |
| November | نوفَمْبِر | nūfambir |
| December | ديسَمْبِر | dīsambir |
Days of the Week[edit | edit source]
| English | Arabic | Pronunciation |
| Saturday | السَبْت | Al-sabt |
| Sunday | الأَحَد | Al-ʾaḥad |
| Monday | الاِثْنَيْن | Al-ithnayn |
| Tuesday | الثُلاثاء | Al-thulāthāʾ |
| Wednesday | الأَرْبَعاء | Al-ʾarbaʿāʾ |
| Thursday | الخَميس | Al-khamīs |
| Friday | الجُمْعَة | Al-jumʿah |
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Arabic," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic, accessed 25 Sep 2024.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Arabic Alphabet," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_alphabet, accessed 29 Aug 2024.