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Additional Information may be found on the [https://wiki.familysearch.org/en/Portal:United_States_Census United States Census Portal] page.
{{OH-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb
| link1=[[United States Genealogy|United States]]
| link2=[[United States Census|U.S. Census]]
| link3=[[Ohio, United States Genealogy|Ohio]]
| link4=
| link5=[[Ohio Census|Census]]
}}


=== Federal Censuses ===
==Online Federal Censuses==
===Population Schedules===
Starting in 1790, federal population schedules were taken every 10 years in the United States. [[United States Census|'''Click here for more information''']] about federal census records. <br><br>
Ohio became a state on 1 March 1803, having been created from the Northwest Territory. So in the 1800 Census it will be listed under the Northwest Territory.
======United States Federal Censuses with Online Links======
{| class="wikitable" width= "70%" style="display: inline-table;"
|-
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"| [[United States Census 1790|1790]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"| [[United States Census 1800|1800 (Washington<br>Co. NW Territory)]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"| [[United States Census 1810|1810 (Washington Co.)]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"| [[United States Census 1820|1820]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"| [[United States Census 1830|1830]]
|-
|Ohio not enumerated (Part of NW Territory)
|{{FSC|720623|item|disp=FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7590/ Ancestry.com]
|{{FSC|720620|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|{{RecordSearch|1803955|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7734/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|1803958|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/8058/ Ancestry.com]
|-
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"| [[United States Census 1840|1840]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1850|1850]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1860|1860]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1870|1870]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1880|1880]]
|-
|{{RecordSearch|1786457|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/8057/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|1401638|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/8054/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|1473181|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7667/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|1438024|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7163/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|1417683|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6742/ Ancestry.com]
|-
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1890|1890]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1900|1900]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1910|1910]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1920|1920]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1930|1930]]
|-
|{{RecordSearch|1610551|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/5445/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|1325221|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7602/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|1727033|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7884/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|1488411|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6061/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|1810731|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6224/ Ancestry.com]
|-
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1940|1940]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1950|1950]]
!style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:5.5%"|[[United States Census 1960|1960]]
|-
|{{RecordSearch|2000219|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/2442/ Ancestry.com]
|{{RecordSearch|4464515|FamilySearch}}<br> [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/62308/ Ancestry.com]<br> [https://1950census.archives.gov/search/ NARA] 
|Release Date <br> April 1, 2032
|-
|}


'''Population Schedules'''. Federal census records are found at the Family History Library, the National Archives, and other federal and state archives. The [[United States Census|United States Research Outline]], provides more detailed information regarding these records.  
===Non-Population Schedules for Ohio===
Federal non-population schedules included such things mortality schedules, agriculture schedules, slave schedules, and manufacturing schedules.
{| class="wikitable" width= flexible style="display: inline-table;"
|-
! style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:flexible;" | Year
! style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:flexible;" | Type of Census
! style="background:#cccccc; scope:col; width:flexible;"| Links
|-
|1890
|Veterans
| at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/8667/ Ancestry] ($)
|-
|1880
|Mortality (Partial)
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/3530/ Ancestry] ($)
|-
|1880
|Industry
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1276/ Ancestry] ($)
|-
|1880
|Agriculture
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1276/ Ancestry] ($)
|-
|1870
|Mortality (Partial)
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/3530/ Ancestry] ($)
|-
|1870
|Industry
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1276/ Ancestry] ($)
|-
|1870
|Agriculture
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1276/ Ancestry] ($)
|-
|1860
|Mortality
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/3530/ Ancestry] ($)
|-
|1860
|Industry
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1276/ Ancestry] ($)
|-
|1860
|Agriculture
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1276/ Ancestry] ($)
|-
|1850
|Mortality (Partial)
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/3530/ Ancestry] ($)
|-
|1850
|Industry
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1276/ Ancestry] ($)
|-
|1850
|Agriculture
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1276/ Ancestry] ($)
|-
|1840
|Pensioners
|at [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7678/ Ancestry] ($)
|-
|}


The Family History Library has the U.S. Federal censuses of Ohio for 1820, 1830, 1840, 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880, 1900, 1910, and 1920. Returns for the 1810 and 1890 censuses were almost entirely destroyed. All that remains of the 1810 census are the returns for Washington County. Lists of territorial residents in 1800 also exist for Washington County. All that remains of the 1890 census are military schedules listing widows and pensioners from the Civil War.
===Existing and Lost Censuses===
*[[Ohio Censuses Existing and Lost|List of existing and lost federal censuses for Ohio]]


Some early tax records have been compiled and indexed to substitute for the early censuses. One example is:  
==Online State and Territorial Censuses==
State censuses are census records that were taken at the state-level rather than at the federal. Often, but not always, a state took their census in ten year increments 5 years from when the Federal Census was taken, such as 1885. State censuses can even serve as substitutes for missing federal censuses. For more information on state censuses, visit [https://www.census.gov/history/www/genealogy/other_resources/state_censuses.html United States Census Bureau].<br><br>
Territorial censuses were taken by the federal government to count the population in federal territories. The government needed to count the population in the territory to see if it could qualify for statehood. For more information on territorial censuses, visit the [[United States Census Territorial|US Territorial Census page]].<br><br>
'''No state censuses were taken for Ohio.'''
==Quadrennial Censuses==
'''Ohio enumerated a quadrennial census at the county level. Some of these censuses still exist. Adult males age 21 and above were enumerated.'''
{| class="wikitable sortable" width= flexible style="display: inline-table;"
|-
! County
! Year
! Links
! Format
|-
|Auglaize
|1851-1907
|at {{FSC|510009|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|images
|-
|Ashtabula
|1811-1835, 1843
|at {{FSC|76496|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|images
|-
|Washington
|1800, 1803
|at {{FSC|720623|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|images
|-
|Miami County
|1827, 1835
|at {{FSC|124011|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|index & images
|-
|Clermont County
|1802
|at {{FSC|656881|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|microfilm
|-
|Highland County
|1807
|at {{FSC|280133|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|book
|-
|Clermont County
|1820-1830
|at {{FSC|264272|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|images
|-
|Clermont County
|1820
|at {{FSC|464182|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|book
|-
|Clermont County
|1801-1857
|at {{FSC|260444|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|index & images
|-
|Allen County
|1883, 1887
|at {{FSC|309613|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
| microfilm
|-
|Fairfield County
|1831, 1839, 1847, 1851, 1859
|at {{FSC|1361505|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|book
|-
|Mercer County
|1827, 1843
|at {{FSC|1175245|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|book
|-
|Logan County
|1827
|at {{FSC|1615017|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|book
|-
|Clinton County
|1907
|at {{FSC|140204|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|microfilm
|-
|Columbiana County
|1899-1903
|at {{FSC|140208|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|images
|-
|Coshocton County
|1883, 1891
|at {{FSC|140216|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|images
|-
|Gallia County
|1899
|at {{FSC|67071|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|images
|-
|Hardin County
|1887-1907
|at {{FSC|263720|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|microfilm
|-
|Lawrence County
|1891-1907
|at {{FSC|522144|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|images
|-
|Perry County
|1847-1871, 1879-1887
|at {{FSC|522158|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|images
|-
|Pickaway County
|1863, 1891, 1895, 1899
|at {{FSC|522170|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|images
|-
|Portage County
|1847
|at {{FSC|1582354|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|book
|-
|Seneca County
|1899, 1903
|at {{FSC|309041|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|microfilm
|-
|Van Wert County
|1887
|at {{FSC|1463048|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|book
|-
|Washington County
|1807-1911
|at {{FSC|2441431|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|microfilm
|-
|Wood County
|1842-1899
|at {{FSC|284115|item|disp=FamilySearch}}
|microfilm
|-
|}


Jackson, Ronald Vern, ed. ''Early Ohio Census Records''. Second Edition. Bountiful, Utah: Accelerated Indexing Systems, 1974. (FHL book 977.1 X2p.)
== Other Census Images ==


Statewide indexes for the 1820, 1830, 1840, 1850, 1860, and 1880 censuses are available in book format. Soundex (phonetic) indexes are on microfilm for the 1880, 1900, 1910, and 1920 censuses. Be aware that the 1880 soundex index is incomplete and includes only those families with children born between 1870 and 1880. Either check the 1880 index in book format or search the actual census for the place where your ancestors lived.
==Why Use the Census?==
State census records can be one of the easiest ways to locate where an ancestor's family lived and when they lived there. Information varies based on year and location, but information that may be included in a census can include:
*Name of each person in the family at the time the census was taken
*Street or Avenue, or number Rural Free Delivery
*Sex
*Age
*Color
*Nativity
*Place of birth of this person
*Place of birth of Father of this person
*Place of birth of Mother of this person
*Period of Residence
*How long a resident of this State (years and months)
*How long a resident of this enumeration district (years and months)
*Regular occupation
*Military service


County indexes to federal censuses sometimes help locate names overlooked or misspelled in statewide indexes. To locate county census indexes check the&nbsp;Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under OHIO, [COUNTY] - CENSUS.
=== Sources and footnotes  ===


When indexes are not available or a name is omitted from an index you can still look for the name in the census. To find a person who lived in a large city, it helps to first find his or her address in the city directory for the same year as the census (see [[Ohio Directories|Ohio Directories]]). Then look for that address on the original census schedules.
{{reflist}}


The following reference tools help determine which census schedule microfilm and enumeration district to search for specific addresses:
{{Ohio|Ohio}} {{USCensus}}


Kirkham, E. Kay. ''A Handy Guide to Record- Searching in the Larger Cities of the United States''. Logan, Utah: Everton, 1974. (FHL book 973 D27kc; fiche 6010059-60.) Includes ward maps and street indexes for Cincinnati, 1850 to 1855.
[[Category:Ohio Census Records|Census]]
 
Census Descriptions of Geographic Subdivisions and Enumerations Districts.
 
•1830 FHL film 1402857 item 1
 
•1840 FHL film 1402857 item 2
 
•1850 FHL film 1402858 item 1
 
•1860 FHL film 1402858 item 2
 
•1870 FHL film 1402859
 
•1880 FHL film 1402862
 
•1900 FHL film 1303025
 
•1910 FHL film 1374009
 
•1920 FHL film 1842715
 
United States. Bureau of the Census. ''Cross Index to Selected City Streets and Enumeration Districts, 1910 Census''. (51 FHL fiche 6331481.) Often referred to as the 39 Cities Index, it lists street addresses with corresponding census enumeration districts for Canton, Cleveland, Dayton, and Youngstown.
 
'''Mortality Schedules.''' Mortality schedules (lists of deaths in the year preceding the census) exist for the years 1850, 1860, 1870, and 1880. The 1850 schedule includes only counties beginning alphabetically with Hamilton through Wyandot. The 1860 schedule includes all counties, the 1870 includes only Seneca County, and the 1880 includes the counties Adams through Geauga. These records are available at the State Library of Ohio and at the Family History Library. Some have been indexed.
 
'''Master Indexes.''' Some of the indexes mentioned above are combined into one master index of several census years, states, and census types:
 
FamilyFinder™ Index and Viewer: Version 3.0. [Novato, California]: Brøderbund Software, 1995. (FHL compact disc number 9 1995 index. Not available at Family History Centers. FamilyFinder is a trademark of Brøderbund Software, Inc.) It is a master index to Ohio tax lists for 1787 to 1819; Washington County for 1800, 1803, and 1810; federal censuses for 1820 to 1860 and 1880; and mortality schedules for 1850.
 
The FamilyFinder Index includes the following Jackson indexes:
 
Jackson, Ronald Vern. ''AIS Microfiche Indexes of U.S. Census and Other Records.'' Bountiful, Utah: Accelerated Indexing Systems International, 1984. (No FHL fiche number but available at many Family History Centers.) Early Ohio tax lists are combined together on Search 1. A composite mortality schedule index is on Search 8. Separate Ohio 1820, 1830, 1840, and 1850 indexes are on other searches.
 
=== Territorial and State Censuses  ===
 
Microfilm numbers of Ohio territorial or state censuses are listed in the&nbsp;Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under OHIO - CENSUS - [YEAR]. They are also found in:
 
Buckway, G. Eileen. ''U.S. State and Special Census Register''. Salt Lake City, Utah: Family History Library, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1992. (FHL book 973 X2be 1992; fiche 6104851-52.) A complete list of the available records can be obtained from the Ohio Historical Society.
 
In some counties, town or county censuses taken by the state between 1798 and 1911 may supplement the federal census records. Among these are quadrennial enumerations which exist for a few counties and list males 21 years and older. The Family History Library has copies of most of these. These lists are also in local courthouses and in the Ohio Network of American History Research Centers, mentioned in [[Ohio Archives and Libraries|Ohio Archives and Libraries]].
 
=== Web Sites  ===
 
All Federal censuses are digitized, indexed and online at [http://www.ancestry.com/ www.ancestry.com]. This is a subscription website.
 
HeritageQuest Online at [http://www.heritagequestonline.com/ www.heritagequestonline.com/] has indexes and images for most of the census years. It is a subscription site aimed at libraries and institutions. They do not offer personal subscriptions. The way the census was indexed is different from the way Ancestry was indexed. Check with a public or academic library in your area to ask if they have a subscription.
 
FamilySearch at [http://www.familysearch.org/ www.familysearch.org/] has indexes and transcriptions from the 1880 U.S. census. Each entry includes the Family History Library film number, the U.S. National Archives film number, and a page number.
 
Census Online at [http://www.census-online.com/links/ www.census-online.com/links/] contains multiple census links for U.S. states and Canadian provinces.
 
The Ohio GenWeb project has many census links for Ohio Counties. http://www.rootsweb.com/~ohgenweb/
 
http://www.censusfinder.com/ohio.htm <!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors -->
<!-- Tidy found serious XHTML errors -->
[[Category:Ohio]]

Revision as of 10:43, 11 April 2025

Ohio Wiki Topics
Ohio flag.png
Beginning Research
Record Types
Ohio Background
Cultural Groups
Local Research Resources

Online Federal Censuses[edit | edit source]

Population Schedules[edit | edit source]

Starting in 1790, federal population schedules were taken every 10 years in the United States. Click here for more information about federal census records.

Ohio became a state on 1 March 1803, having been created from the Northwest Territory. So in the 1800 Census it will be listed under the Northwest Territory.

United States Federal Censuses with Online Links[edit | edit source]
1790 1800 (Washington
Co. NW Territory)
1810 (Washington Co.) 1820 1830
Ohio not enumerated (Part of NW Territory) FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
1840 1850 1860 1870 1880
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
1890 1900 1910 1920 1930
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
1940 1950 1960
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
FamilySearch
Ancestry.com
NARA
Release Date
April 1, 2032

Non-Population Schedules for Ohio[edit | edit source]

Federal non-population schedules included such things mortality schedules, agriculture schedules, slave schedules, and manufacturing schedules.

Year Type of Census Links
1890 Veterans at Ancestry ($)
1880 Mortality (Partial) at Ancestry ($)
1880 Industry at Ancestry ($)
1880 Agriculture at Ancestry ($)
1870 Mortality (Partial) at Ancestry ($)
1870 Industry at Ancestry ($)
1870 Agriculture at Ancestry ($)
1860 Mortality at Ancestry ($)
1860 Industry at Ancestry ($)
1860 Agriculture at Ancestry ($)
1850 Mortality (Partial) at Ancestry ($)
1850 Industry at Ancestry ($)
1850 Agriculture at Ancestry ($)
1840 Pensioners at Ancestry ($)

Existing and Lost Censuses[edit | edit source]

Online State and Territorial Censuses[edit | edit source]

State censuses are census records that were taken at the state-level rather than at the federal. Often, but not always, a state took their census in ten year increments 5 years from when the Federal Census was taken, such as 1885. State censuses can even serve as substitutes for missing federal censuses. For more information on state censuses, visit United States Census Bureau.

Territorial censuses were taken by the federal government to count the population in federal territories. The government needed to count the population in the territory to see if it could qualify for statehood. For more information on territorial censuses, visit the US Territorial Census page.

No state censuses were taken for Ohio.

Quadrennial Censuses[edit | edit source]

Ohio enumerated a quadrennial census at the county level. Some of these censuses still exist. Adult males age 21 and above were enumerated.

County Year Links Format
Auglaize 1851-1907 at FamilySearch images
Ashtabula 1811-1835, 1843 at FamilySearch images
Washington 1800, 1803 at FamilySearch images
Miami County 1827, 1835 at FamilySearch index & images
Clermont County 1802 at FamilySearch microfilm
Highland County 1807 at FamilySearch book
Clermont County 1820-1830 at FamilySearch images
Clermont County 1820 at FamilySearch book
Clermont County 1801-1857 at FamilySearch index & images
Allen County 1883, 1887 at FamilySearch microfilm
Fairfield County 1831, 1839, 1847, 1851, 1859 at FamilySearch book
Mercer County 1827, 1843 at FamilySearch book
Logan County 1827 at FamilySearch book
Clinton County 1907 at FamilySearch microfilm
Columbiana County 1899-1903 at FamilySearch images
Coshocton County 1883, 1891 at FamilySearch images
Gallia County 1899 at FamilySearch images
Hardin County 1887-1907 at FamilySearch microfilm
Lawrence County 1891-1907 at FamilySearch images
Perry County 1847-1871, 1879-1887 at FamilySearch images
Pickaway County 1863, 1891, 1895, 1899 at FamilySearch images
Portage County 1847 at FamilySearch book
Seneca County 1899, 1903 at FamilySearch microfilm
Van Wert County 1887 at FamilySearch book
Washington County 1807-1911 at FamilySearch microfilm
Wood County 1842-1899 at FamilySearch microfilm

Other Census Images[edit | edit source]

Why Use the Census?[edit | edit source]

State census records can be one of the easiest ways to locate where an ancestor's family lived and when they lived there. Information varies based on year and location, but information that may be included in a census can include:

  • Name of each person in the family at the time the census was taken
  • Street or Avenue, or number Rural Free Delivery
  • Sex
  • Age
  • Color
  • Nativity
  • Place of birth of this person
  • Place of birth of Father of this person
  • Place of birth of Mother of this person
  • Period of Residence
  • How long a resident of this State (years and months)
  • How long a resident of this enumeration district (years and months)
  • Regular occupation
  • Military service

Sources and footnotes[edit | edit source]