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==General History==
==History==
Egypt's history stretches back to the 4th millennium BCE, when it emerged as one of the world's earliest and most influential civilizations, known for its monumental achievements in writing, agriculture, architecture, and governance. Over the millennia, Egypt was ruled by various dynasties and empires, including the Pharaonic, Persian, Greek, and Roman, before becoming part of the Byzantine Empire and later the Mamluk Sultanate, which governed from the 13th century until the [[Ottoman Empire Genealogy|Ottoman]] conquest in 1517.  
Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.
Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government.


During the Ottoman period, Egypt became a vital province of the Ottoman Empire, blending Turkish, Arabic, and Islamic elements into its rich cultural tapestry. For genealogical research, key resources include [[Egypt Census|census records]] and vital records such as birth, marriage, and death certificates. After the Ottoman period, Egypt saw significant changes with Muhammad Ali Pasha, the Wāli (governor) and Pasha of Egypt, establishing a quasi-independent state in 1805. His dynasty ruled until the British occupation in 1882. The British period introduced new administrative records, including detailed [[Egypt Census|censuses]] and [[Egypt Civil Registration|civil registration]] documents. Egypt gained nominal independence in 1922, becoming a monarchy, and later declared itself a republic following the 1952 revolution, which saw the nationalization of the Suez Canal and the expulsion of British forces.  
Modern Egypt dates back to 1922, when it gained nominal independence from the British Empire as a monarchy. However, British military occupation of Egypt continued, and many Egyptians believed that the monarchy was an instrument of British colonialism. Following the 1952 revolution, Egypt expelled British soldiers and bureaucrats and ended British occupation, nationalized the British-held Suez Canal, exiled King Farouk and his family, and declared itself a republic. In 1958 it merged with Syria to form the United Arab Republic, which dissolved in 1961.  


Since gaining its independence, Egypt has navigated significant political and social transformations. Egypt is now a transcontinental country considered to be a regional power in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Egypt's economy is one of the largest and most diversified in the Middle East.<ref>Egypt, Wikipedia, updated 30 November 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt.</ref>
Islam is the official religion of Egypt and Arabic is its official language. With over 95 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa, the Middle East, and the Arab world, the third-most populous in Africa, and the fifteenth-most populous in the world. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 15,000 sq miles, where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited.
 
The sovereign state of Egypt is a transcontinental country considered to be a regional power in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world, and a middle power worldwide. Egypt's economy is one of the largest and most diversified in the Middle East, and is projected to become one of the largest in the 21st century. In 2016, Egypt overtook South Africa and became Africa's second largest economy.
<br>
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt]
==Timeline==
==Timeline==
1517 - Egypt was conquered by the Ottoman Turks, after which it became a province of the Ottoman Empire. The defensive militarisation damaged its civil society and economic institutions<br>
1687  - 1731, Egypt experienced six famines and the 1784 famine cost it roughly one-sixth of its population<br>
1798 - Napoleon defeated the Egyptian Mamluks who had ruled Egypt for centuries in the Battle of the Pyramids<br>
1867 - Egypt was granted the status of an autonomous vassal state a legal status which was to remain in place until 1914<br>
1914 - Egypt remained an  autonomous vassal state until it was declared a British Protectorate 
and the Protectorate was made official<br>
1952 -Following a Revolution by the Free Officers Movement, the rule of Egypt passed to military hands. On 18 June 1953, the Egyptian Republic was declared<br>
1967 -  Six-Day War, Israel attacked Egypt, and occupied Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip, which Egypt had occupied since the 1948 Arab–Israeli War<br>
2006 - Human Rights Watch's report on Egypt detailed serious human rights violations<br>
2011 - The Egyptian military assumed the power to govern and the military dissolved the parliament and suspended the constitution<br>
2013 - The military-backed Egyptian authorities cracked down on the Muslim Brotherhood and its supporters, jailing thousands and killing hundreds of street protesters<br>
*[http://www.ancientsudan.org/history_04_egyptconnub.htm Ancient Sudan~Kush]
*[http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/index.html An introduction to the history and culture of Pharaonic Egypt]
*[http://discoveringegypt.com/newsletter-46-egyptian-history-podcasts/ Egyptian History Podcasts]
*[http://discoveringegypt.com/ancient-egyptian-kings-queens/thutmose-iii-the-napoleon-of-ancient-egypt/ Thutmose III]
*[https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/Egypt_Genealogy Egypt Genealogy]
*[http://www.crystalinks.com/Ramesses_II.html Ramesses (Ramses) II]
*[http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Military_of_ancient_Egypt Military of Ancient Egypt]
*[http://www.ancientmilitary.com/ancient-egypt-military.htm Ancient Egypt Military]
*[http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/ancient/articles/battleofmegiddo.aspx The Battle of Megiddo]
*[http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/ancient/articles/kadesh.aspx The Battle of Kadesh] and others
*[http://culture-of-peace.info/books/history/egypt.html Culture of Peace] history of Egypt
*[http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/index.html Ancient Egypt Online] is a site dedicated to culture, language, religion and history of ancient Egypt.
*[http://people.csail.mit.edu/hanna/Egypt/index18.html Social Life in Egypt]
*[http://people.csail.mit.edu/hanna/Egypt/index18.html The Government of Ancient Egypt]
*[http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/economy/land.htm Ancient Egypt Landed Property]
*[http://www.perankhgroup.com/Life%20in%20ancient_egypt.htm Life in Ancient Egypt]
==FamilySearch Resources==
Below are FamilySearch resources that can assist you in researching your family.
*[[Genealogy Help on Facebook|Facebook Communities]] - Facebook groups discussing genealogy research


* '''4th Millennium BCE''' Egypt emerges as one of the world's earliest civilizations, known for its advancements in writing, agriculture, and monumental architecture.
* '''1517''' Ottoman Sultan Selim I conquers Egypt, integrating it into the [[Ottoman Empire Genealogy|Ottoman Empire]].
* '''1798-1801''' French occupation under Napoleon Bonaparte.
* '''1805''' Muhammad Ali Pasha, the Wāli (governor) and Pasha of Egypt, establishes a quasi-independent state, initiating modernization efforts.
* '''1867''' Egypt becomes a nominally autonomous tributary state called the Khedivate of Egypt under Ottoman suzerainty.
* '''1882''' British occupation begins, introducing new [[Egypt Census|administrative records]] and infrastructure development.
* '''1914''' Egypt is declared a British protectorate, ending its nominal status as an Ottoman province.
* '''1922''' Egypt gains nominal independence from Britain, becoming the Kingdom of Egypt.
* '''1952''' The Egyptian revolution leads to the establishment of a republic, the nationalization of the Suez Canal, and the expulsion of British forces.
* '''1956''' Suez Crisis marks a significant moment in Egypt's assertion of sovereignty.
==Resources==
===Online Resources===
*''al- Miṣrīyūn fī Lubnān wa-Sūriyah qabla miʼat sanah'' by Ghānim, Ibrāhīm Abū Samrā. Bayrūt:al-Maṭbaʻah al-Kāthūlīkīyah, 1932. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/princeton_aco003708 New York University]; History of Muhammad Ali Pasha's conquest of the Levant.
**.المصريون في لبنان وسورية قبل مئة سنة .ابراهيم أبو سمرا غانم بيروت:المطبعة الكاثوليكية, 1932
*''Mujmal tārīkh Dimyāṭ siyāsīyan wa iqtiṣādīyan'' by Shayyāl, Jamāl al-Dīn. Alessandaria:Scuola Tip. Ist. Don Bosco, 1949. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/aub_aco000691 New York University]; History of the city of Damietta, Egypt.
**.مجمل تاريخ دمياط سياسياً واقتصادياً .جمال الدين شيال 1949, Scuola Tip. Ist. Don Bosco:Alessandaria
*''al- Tārīkh al-musammá ʻAjāʼib al-āthār fī al-tarājim wa-al-akhbār v.1-2'' by Jabartī, ʻAbd al-Raḥmān. Miṣr:al-Maṭba‘ah al-‘Āmirah al-Sharafīyah, 1904?. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/aub_aco001056 New York University]; A history of Egypt, including eyewitness accounts of Napoleon's invasion.
**.التاريخ المسمى عجائب الآثار في التراجم والأخبارالجزء الأول والثاني  .عبد الرحمن الجبرتي  مصر:المطبعة العامرة الشرفية ,1904?
*''al- Tārīkh al-musammá ʻAjāʼib al-āthār fī al-tarājim wa-al-akhbār v.3'' by Jabartī, ʻAbd al-Raḥmān. Miṣr:al-Maṭba‘ah al-‘Āmirah al-Sharafīyah, 1904?. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/aub_aco001057 New York University]; A history of Egypt, including eyewitness accounts of Napoleon's invasion.
**.التاريخ المسمى عجائب الآثار في التراجم والأخبارالجزء الثالث .عبد الرحمن الجبرتي  مصر:المطبعة العامرة الشرفية ,1904?
*''al- Tārīkh al-musammá ʻAjāʼib al-āthār fī al-tarājim wa-al-akhbār v.4'' by Jabartī, ʻAbd al-Raḥmān. Miṣr:al-Maṭba‘ah al-‘Āmirah al-Sharafīyah, 1904?. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/aub_aco001058 New York University]; A history of Egypt, including eyewitness accounts of Napoleon's invasion.
**.التاريخ المسمى عجائب الآثار في التراجم والأخبارالجزء الرابع .عبد الرحمن الجبرتي  مصر:المطبعة العامرة الشرفية ,1904.
*''Kitāb dalīl al-Asitānah'' by Nāʻimah, Muḥammad Shukrī. al-Iskandarīyah:Maṭbaʻat Jūrjī Gharzūzī, 1909. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/aub_aco001258 New York University]; History of Istanbul.
**.كتاب دليل الاستانة .محمد شكري ناعمة  الاسكندرية:مطبعة جرجي غرزوزي ,1909
*''al- Maḥfūẓāt al-Malakīyah al-Miṣrīyah v.1'' by Rustum, Asad. Bayrūt:Maṭbaʻat al-Jamiʻah al-Amrīkīyah, 1940-1943. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/columbia_aco001047 New York University]; Historic treatise on the Levant under the control of Mohammad Ali Pasha.
**.المحفوظات الملكية المصرية الجزء الأول .أسد رستم  بيروت:مطبعة الجمعة الامريكية ,1940-1943
*''al- Maḥfūẓāt al-Malakīyah al-Miṣrīyah v.2'' by Rustum, Asad. Bayrūt:Maṭbaʻat al-Jamiʻah al-Amrīkīyah, 1940-1943. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/columbia_aco001048 New York University]; Historic treatise on the Levant under the control of Mohammad Ali Pasha.
**.المحفوظات الملكية المصرية الجزء الثاني .أسد رستم  بيروت:مطبعة الجمعة الامريكية ,1940-1943
*''al- Maḥfūẓāt al-Malakīyah al-Miṣrīyah v.3'' by Rustum, Asad. Bayrūt:Maṭbaʻat al-Jamiʻah al-Amrīkīyah, 1940-1943. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/columbia_aco001049 New York University]; Historic treatise on the Levant under the control of Mohammad Ali Pasha.
**.المحفوظات الملكية المصرية الجزء الثالث .أسد رستم  بيروت:مطبعة الجمعة الامريكية ,1940-1943
*''al- Maḥfūẓāt al-Malakīyah al-Miṣrīyah v.4'' by Rustum, Asad. Bayrūt:Maṭbaʻat al-Jamiʻah al-Amrīkīyah, 1940-1943. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/columbia_aco001050 New York University]; Historic treatise on the Levant under the control of Mohammad Ali Pasha.
**.المحفوظات الملكية المصرية الجزء الرابع .أسد رستم  بيروت:مطبعة الجمعة الامريكية ,1940-1943
*''al- Khiṭaṭ al-tawfīqīyah al-jadīdah li-Miṣr, al-Qāhirah wa-mudunihā wa-bilādihā al-qadīmah wa-al-shahīrah v.1-4'' by ʻAlī MubārakBāshā. Būlāq:al-Maṭbaʻah al-Kubrá al-Amīrīyah, 1305-1306 [1887-89]. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/columbia_aco001914 New York University]; Descriptions of Egypt and Cairo from the late 19th Century.
**.الخطط التوفيقية الجديدة لمصر، القاهرة ومدنها وبلادها القديمة والشهيرة الأجزاء الأول-الراب  .علي مبارك باشا  بولاق:المطبعة الكبرى الاميرية ,305-1306 [1887-89]
*''al- Khiṭaṭ al-tawfīqīyah al-jadīdah li-Miṣr, al-Qāhirah wa-mudunihā wa-bilādihā al-qadīmah wa-al-shahīrah v.5-8'' by ʻAlī MubārakBāshā. Būlāq:al-Maṭbaʻah al-Kubrá al-Amīrīyah, 1305-1306 [1887-89]. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/columbia_aco001915 New York University]; Descriptions of Egypt and Cairo from the late 19th Century.
**.الخطط التوفيقية الجديدة لمصر، القاهرة ومدنها وبلادها القديمة والشهيرة الأجزاء الخامس-الثامن .علي مبارك باشا  بولاق:المطبعة الكبرى الاميرية ,305-1306 [1887-89]
*''al- Khiṭaṭ al-tawfīqīyah al-jadīdah li-Miṣr, al-Qāhirah wa-mudunihā wa-bilādihā al-qadīmah wa-al-shahīrah v.9-12'' by ʻAlī MubārakBāshā. Būlāq:al-Maṭbaʻah al-Kubrá al-Amīrīyah, 1305-1306 [1887-89]. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/columbia_aco001916 New York University]; Descriptions of Egypt and Cairo from the late 19th Century.
**.الخطط التوفيقية الجديدة لمصر، القاهرة ومدنها وبلادها القديمة والشهيرة الأجزاء التاسع-الثاني عشر  .علي مبارك باشا  بولاق:المطبعة الكبرى الاميرية ,305-1306 [1887-89]
*''al- Khiṭaṭ al-tawfīqīyah al-jadīdah li-Miṣr, al-Qāhirah wa-mudunihā wa-bilādihā al-qadīmah wa-al-shahīrah v.13-16'' by ʻAlī MubārakBāshā. Būlāq:al-Maṭbaʻah al-Kubrá al-Amīrīyah, 1305-1306 [1887-89]. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/columbia_aco001917 New York University]; Descriptions of Egypt and Cairo from the late 19th Century.
**.الخطط التوفيقية الجديدة لمصر، القاهرة ومدنها وبلادها القديمة والشهيرة الأجزاء التاسع-الثاني عشر .علي مبارك باشا  بولاق:المطبعة الكبرى الاميرية ,305-1306 [1887-89]
*''al- Khiṭaṭ al-tawfīqīyah al-jadīdah li-Miṣr, al-Qāhirah wa-mudunihā wa-bilādihā al-qadīmah wa-al-shahīrah v.17-20'' by ʻAlī MubārakBāshā. Būlāq:al-Maṭbaʻah al-Kubrá al-Amīrīyah, 1305-1306 [1887-89]. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/columbia_aco001918 New York University]; Descriptions of Egypt and Cairo from the late 19th Century.
**.الخطط التوفيقية الجديدة لمصر، القاهرة ومدنها وبلادها القديمة والشهيرة الأجزاء السابع عشر-العشرون .علي مبارك باشا  بولاق:المطبعة الكبرى الاميرية ,305-1306 [1887-89]
*''Ṣafwat al-ʻaṣr fī tārīkh wa-rusūm mashāhīr rijāl Miṣr'' by Fahmī, Zakī. Miṣr:Maṭbaʻat al-Iʻtimād, 1926. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/columbia_aco001997 New York University]; Social and political history of Egypt.
**.صفوة العصر في تاريخ ورسوم مشاهير رجال مصر .زكي فهمي مصر:مطبعة الاعتماد ,1926


==References==
[[Category:Egypt]]
[[Category:Egypt]]
[[Category:Histories]]

Revision as of 11:55, 19 November 2018

Egypt Wiki Topics
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History[edit | edit source]

Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government.

Modern Egypt dates back to 1922, when it gained nominal independence from the British Empire as a monarchy. However, British military occupation of Egypt continued, and many Egyptians believed that the monarchy was an instrument of British colonialism. Following the 1952 revolution, Egypt expelled British soldiers and bureaucrats and ended British occupation, nationalized the British-held Suez Canal, exiled King Farouk and his family, and declared itself a republic. In 1958 it merged with Syria to form the United Arab Republic, which dissolved in 1961.

Islam is the official religion of Egypt and Arabic is its official language. With over 95 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa, the Middle East, and the Arab world, the third-most populous in Africa, and the fifteenth-most populous in the world. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 15,000 sq miles, where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited.

The sovereign state of Egypt is a transcontinental country considered to be a regional power in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world, and a middle power worldwide. Egypt's economy is one of the largest and most diversified in the Middle East, and is projected to become one of the largest in the 21st century. In 2016, Egypt overtook South Africa and became Africa's second largest economy.
[1]

Timeline[edit | edit source]

1517 - Egypt was conquered by the Ottoman Turks, after which it became a province of the Ottoman Empire. The defensive militarisation damaged its civil society and economic institutions
1687 - 1731, Egypt experienced six famines and the 1784 famine cost it roughly one-sixth of its population
1798 - Napoleon defeated the Egyptian Mamluks who had ruled Egypt for centuries in the Battle of the Pyramids
1867 - Egypt was granted the status of an autonomous vassal state a legal status which was to remain in place until 1914
1914 - Egypt remained an autonomous vassal state until it was declared a British Protectorate and the Protectorate was made official
1952 -Following a Revolution by the Free Officers Movement, the rule of Egypt passed to military hands. On 18 June 1953, the Egyptian Republic was declared
1967 - Six-Day War, Israel attacked Egypt, and occupied Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip, which Egypt had occupied since the 1948 Arab–Israeli War
2006 - Human Rights Watch's report on Egypt detailed serious human rights violations
2011 - The Egyptian military assumed the power to govern and the military dissolved the parliament and suspended the constitution
2013 - The military-backed Egyptian authorities cracked down on the Muslim Brotherhood and its supporters, jailing thousands and killing hundreds of street protesters


FamilySearch Resources[edit | edit source]

Below are FamilySearch resources that can assist you in researching your family.

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