Step-by-Step California Research, 1850-1905



Step-by-Step California Research, 1850-1905

Table of Contents
1. Contact living relatives.
2. Online census records.
3. Death records: certificates, Social Security indexes, obituaries and cemetery records online.
4. Births and marriages online.
5. Military records online.
6. Church records.
7. Wills and probate.
8. Land records online.
9. Immigration and naturalization records online.
10. Local histories and biographies online.
11. Historical or genealogical societies.
12. FamilySearch tools.
13. County records.





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Some online records have restrictions, due to contractual agreements, allowing them to be used only at FamilySearch Centers or FamilySearch Affiliate Library. This pop-up warning has links to lists of addresses of the many affiliate libraries that are available throughout the world.

Subscription websites such as Ancestry.com, FindMyPast, and MyHeritage and many others offer complimentary service at these affiliate libraries and at most local libraries.

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Step 1. Find out everything possible from living relatives and their family records.

Every good genealogy project starts with finding all the clues that can be gathered from living relatives — both from their memories and from documents or memorabilia in their homes.

What information can relatives help with??

In order to extend research on ancestors, look for names, dates, and places. Any information about when and where a relative lived is a clue to a new record search. Be sure to ask questions that lead to that information, including about their occupations, military service, or associations with others, such as fraternal organizations. See also:

What documents can relatives help with?

  • Announcements of births, weddings,
    and anniversaries
  • Baby and wedding books
  • Certificates
  • Deeds, and property records
  • Family Bibles
  • Family reunion notices and records
  • Fraternal or society records
  • Insurance policies
  • Journals and diaries
  • Letters and cards
  • Licenses (business, marriage,
    fishing, driving)
  • Naturalization documents
  • Newspaper clippings and obituaries
  • Medical records
  • Military service and pension documents
  • Occupational awards
  • Passports
  • Personal histories and biographies
  • Photograph albums
  • Printed Notices and Announcements
  • Programs (graduation, award ceremonies, funerals)
  • School records
  • Scrapbooks
  • Wills and trusts

Step 2: Search the 1900, 1880, 1870, 1860, and 1850 census records online.

A census is a count and description of the population of a country, state, county, or city for a given date. A census took a "snapshot" of a family on a certain day. For each person living in a household you might find (depending on the year) their name, age, birthplace, relationship to head of household, place of birth for father and mother, citizenship stat

Using family clues to lead to census record searches.

A grandmother, Juanita Cooper, says that

  • she was born 24 June 1892 in Texas
  • but her parents were from Monterey, California
  • all of her siblings were born in Monterey, California
  • her parents were Bob and Terry Johnson.

Since Juanita was born just eight years before the 1900 census, the first step would be to search the 1900 census. At the age of eight, she ought to be living with Bob and Terry Johnson either in Texas of in Monterey, California.


The 1900 census of Monterey, California.

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Finding the next generation back.

  • In the 1900 census "Bob" Johnson's full name was Robert F. Johnson,.
  • He was born in May 1860 in California.

Working back in time, the next goal would be to find Robert F. Johnson in the 1860, 1870, and 1880 censuses of California.


1880 census of Monterey City, Monterey, California
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1870 census of Monterey township, Monterey, California
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1860 census of Alisal, Monterey, California
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These censuses show that Robert F. Johnson was the son of William S. and Louisa Johnson.
They identify seven of their children.
They show that William E. Johnson was born in England.



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Look for ancestors in as many censuses as possible. Use the clues from each census for hints where to find families in both earlier and later census records.


Step 3: Collect additional details in death certificates, Social Security records, obituaries, and cemetery records online.

These are record collections that document a person's death. The value of these records is that they are available in recent record collections but give details during earlier times, even times when birth and marriage records were not kept.


Death Certificate or Records
The death certificate is important because of all the possible secondary data beyond just the date and place of death:

  • birth date and place of the deceased
  • maiden name of the wife
  • names of the deceased's parents
  • birth places of the deceased's parents.

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Some of these are indexes. From 1905 on, an actual, original, full certificate exists. It is highly advisable to order the original certificate. It will contain many details not given in the index.



Example of a county death record.
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Obituaries

  • Frequently, a death is announced in the newspaper with an obituary.
  • These obituaries may supply missing birth or death dates and name the parents of the deceased.
  • Obituaries may also name family members, their spouses, their current residences, and whether they died before the person or are still surviving.

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Cemetery Records
Cemetery records may only give the names and dates stated on the tombstone, but as in the case of FindAGrave records may include

  • Pictures of the deceased and their tombstone.
  • Children's or parents' names and links to their FindAGrave records.
  • Marriage information and links to the spouses and links to their FindAGrave records.
  • Frequently family members are buried in the same cemetery often in neighboring plots.

Example of a FindAGrave cemetery record.

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U.S. Social Security Death Index and Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007

  • The U.S. Social Security program began in 1935 but most deaths recorded in the index happened after 1962.
  • The Social Security Death index includes those who had a Social Security number and/or applied for benefits.
  • You can search these records online at
  • If you find an ancestor in the SSDI index, you can order a copy of their original Social Security application (SS-5). If you can prove the individual has died (by sending an obituary or copy of their cemetery headstone), the application will also give the deceased's parents' names, if listed.

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For more information, see California Obituaries and California Cemeteries.

Step 4: Search for county birth and marriage records online.

Counties recorded births, marriages, and deaths prior to state civil registration which began in 1905. Records may state:

  • The child's name, birth date, and place of birth
  • Birthplaces of the parents, their ages, and occupations.
  • Spouse's name.



Births (and Deaths)


Marriages

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Records at the County Courthouse.

These record examples were originally created by county clerks. County clerks can be willing to help find all the birth records for one family or perform other searches that the state would not do. To contact county clerks by e-mail or telephone, go to the Wiki article for each county. Links to the county Wiki articles are found at the end of this page or by clicking here: California Counties.

Step 5: Search military records: World War I and II draft cards and Civil War pension records online.

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Search the military collections for male relatives or widows.


World War 1 Draft Registration

  • One of the most helpful military records is the draft registration of 1917-1918. During three separate registrations, men born between 1873-1897 were required to register in the draft for World War I. Cards may give birth date, birth place, residence, occupation, employer, physical description, next of kin (usually the wife or mother), and number of dependents. Search for your male relatives born in this time period at:
  • Here is an example of a typical draft card.
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World War II Draft Registration

Likewise, the World War II draft may give birth date, birth place, residence, occupation, employer, and other family members as contacts. WWII draft registration, called the Fourth Registration, or Old Man’s Registration, was held on April 27, 1942. The purpose of this registration was to collect information on industrial capacity and skills of men who were born between April 27, 1877 and February 16, 1897 (ages 45 to 64). This draft registration was not intended to be used for military service but to provide a complete inventory of manpower resources in the United States that could be utilized for national service during World War II. Search for your male relatives born in this time period at:
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Civil War Pensions

  • Pensions were given to Union Civil War soldiers who sustained war-related disabilities from the Federal Government.
  • There are several Civil War pension indexes online:
This collection indexes approved pension case files of widows and other dependents of soldiers submitted between 1861 and 1934 and sailors between 1910 and 1934. The pension files are being uploaded and attached to this index as they become available. If the pension images are not available, they must be obtained from the National Archives. The wife's maiden name is used in the index along with her married name.
This collection consists of two card indexes to widows who had applied for a pension renewal. The first covers service between 1812-1860 and the second covers service in the Civil War and later. This is helpful in locating a woman in census and death records under her new surname.


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Pension Records for Other Wars

These records might help by naming a wife or widow of a veteran who settled in California.

This record gives name, rank, regiment, company commander, regimental commander, height, weight, color of eyes, hair, complexion, age, occupation, county or state of birth, date and place of enlistment, miscellaneous remarks. Additional records include Indian Scouts, 1878-1914.
This record might help by naming a wife or widow of a Revolutionary War veteran who settled in California.

For a more complete list of available online military records and indexes, see United States Online Military Records.

Military Indexes Unique to California

Step 6: Look for church records.

Church records function as vital records.

  • An infant christening or baptism record documents a birth.
  • Many, if not most, people are married in a church, and then a record is created by the minister.
  • Likewise, ministers presided over funerals, then creating a burial record, which documents a death.

Church records are particularly helpful prior to the advent of civil registration.


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Search for church records that can provide additional birth, marriage, and death information.


FamilySearch Historical Records

FamilySearch Digitized

Ancestry.com

Congregational

Dutch Reformed

Lutheran

Presbyterian


Step 7: Search for wills and probate packets.

  • County probate records include probate proceedings, petitions, affidavits, orders for sales, reports of sales, administrators' and executors' bonds, guardianship papers, wills, and letters of administration.
  • In a will book, usually just a transcription of the will is recorded. But all of these other records are kept in a probate packet.
  • Administrations are probate proceedings that handled an estate if no known will existed.
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Search these indexes and images for probate records.


Probate Information in County Wiki Articles

Each California county Research Wiki page lists additional probate sources, including where to write for records: California Counties


For more information, see California Probate Records and United States Probate Records.

Step 8: Search land records online.

  • These records will give the name of the owner, the date they obtained the land, the county, and the exact location of the land.
  • They can contain clues to family members who shared ownership of the land, sold or gave land to a child, or witnessed the sale.
  • Sometimes they show the previous or new residence of the parties to the deed.

They can be useful in tracking an ancestor who lived in more than one county in California. With the additional county name where the family lived, the probate and vital records of that county can then be searched.

Step 9: If any ancestor was an immigrant, search immigration and naturalization records online.

If any ancestor was an immigrant, search immigration and naturalization records online. == The census records may show that an ancestor was born in another country. It will be necessary to try to find the town or city they were born in to continue research in the country of origin. Searches of immigration records (usually passenger lists) and naturalization (citizenship) records would be the next step.


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If any ancestors immigrated to the U.S., try searching immigration and citizenship sources:


California Immigration Records

Pioneer Immigration

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California

Los Angeles

Mexico

San Diego

San Francisco

San Pedro

Ventura

Passport Records Online

California Naturalization and Citizenship Online Records


For more information, see California Emigration and Immigration and California Naturalization and Citizenship.

Step 10: Search for printed local histories and biography collections online.

Local Histories

  • Published histories of towns, counties, and states sometimes contain biographies and accounts of early or prominent families.
  • Here are several websites that feature online copies of printed county histories: California; that will bring up too many hits. Just use the name of the county and "county": for example, "Hyde County"

FamilySearch Collected Local Histories

  • Go to the FamilySearch Catalog.
  • In the "Place" field, type the name of your county and click "Search".
  • A list of subheadings for the county will appear. Local histories containing genealogies and biographies will be found under Biography, Genealogy, History, or History - Indexes.

Biography Collections

These collections of biographies can be searched online. Most have a table of contents and an index. Or use the "Find" function on a computer.

Step 11: Contact a local historical or genealogical society.

  • Historical societies have collections that are frequently little known and often overlooked.
  • Many have a surname file, where they have collected genealogies, newspaper clippings, old photographs, etc.
  • Many have a sort of "pioneer ancestor" program, where people can submit pedigrees to prove they are the descendants of an early resident of the area.
  • Most keep track of queries about families that once lived in the area from other distant relatives who may actually have more family memorabilia.
  • Find the society on the internet, and they may list their holdings. Or call them on the phone, find out what they have, and find out what arrangements can be made to search their collection. Frequently, one of their members can be hired to search the collection for you.

This online directory by GenealogyInc. lists historical and genealogical societies by county: Click on the map to select a county, then scroll down to the historical or genealogical society listings. Here is an example of an internet website for a local genealogical society.

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Step 12: Use other FamilySearch tools.

Historical Images

Records collected and digitized by FamilySearch can all be found through their Historical Images feature.


California Online Genealogy Records

Search any other online records listed in California Online Genealogy Records. The steps given here are intended to list record sources which can most efficiently identify descendants. Many other online records which might or might not mention descendants are listed in the California Online Genealogy Records page, including immigration records, land records, military records, newspapers, and probate records, and others. These can be records that cover a smaller group within the population, such as men who served in the military, etc.



Step 13: Study the Research Wiki pages for any county in California.

This article focused more on California state or state-wide records. There is a separate Wiki article for each county in California. These articles give information, office addresses, and links to county records.