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This list contains Finnish words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Finnish-English dictionary (see the "Additional Resources" section below).
Back to [[Finland|Finland Portal Page]]►


Finnish is related to Estonian and distantly related to Hungarian. It is not related to other European languages. The official languages of Finland are Finnish and Swedish. Until the end of the 1800s, records were kept in Swedish. For help reading those records, see the Swedish Genealogical Word List(31028). Some Latin phrases also appear in older Finnish parish registers. For help, use the Latin Genealogical Word List (34077).  
Finnish is related to Estonian and distantly related to Hungarian. It is not related to other European languages. The official languages of Finland are Finnish and Swedish. Until the end of the 1800s, records were kept in Swedish. For help reading those records, see the [[Swedish Genealogical Word List|Swedish Genealogical Word List]]. Some Latin phrases also appear in older Finnish parish registers. For help, use the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Genealogical Word List]].  


=== LANGUAGE CHARACTERISTICS  ===
This list contains Finnish words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Finnish-English dictionary (see the "Additional Resources" section at the bottom of this page).


<br>Variant Forms of Words
If you would like to learn more about the language characteristics see the article [[Finnish Language Characteristics|Finnish Language Characteristics]].


In Finnish, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms.
<br>'''Alphabetical Order'''
 
As you read Finnish records, be aware that the endings of most words vary with usage. One word in Finnish often translates into English as two or more words. For example, talo (house) changes to talossa (in the house).
 
Plurals. Finnish indicates the plural of a word in two ways:
 
*The letter t is added to nouns that have no other endings. For example, talo (house) becomes talot(houses).
 
*The letter i is added if the noun has another ending. For example, talossa (in the house) becomes taloissa (in the houses).
 
Possessives. In addition to or instead of using words like my and theirs, Finnish adds endings to words to show possession. If a word already has another ending on it, the possessive ending appears at the end of the word. For example, see how possessives change the words talo (house) and talossa (in the house):
 
*his house hänen talonsa
 
*in his house hänen talossansa
 
See Table 1 for a more complete description of possessives.
 
Prepositions and postpositions. In English, words like in, on, with, before, and after are prepositions. They come before a noun. For example, in the house.
 
Depending on the various grammar rules, Finnish prepositions may appear in one of three ways:
 
*They may come before the noun. For example, ennen sotaa (before the war).
 
*They may come after the noun. (In this case, it is called a postposition.) For example, sodan jälkeen(after the war).
 
*They may be added to the noun. For example Helsinki becomes Helsinkiin (into Helsinki). Table 2, on the next page, contains other examples.
 
Word endings. Endings are also added to words for other grammatical purposes. See Tables 1 and 3 for other examples.
 
Table 1. Possessive Endings
 
Possessive and Ending Meaning Examples: talo (house), talossa (in the house) Translation minun, -ni my talo&nbsp;» minun talonitalo&nbsp;» minun talossani house&nbsp;» my househouse&nbsp;» in my house sinun-, si your (singular) talo&nbsp;» sinun talositalo&nbsp;» sinun talossasi house&nbsp;» your househouse&nbsp;» in your house hänen, -nsa, -nsä or double vowel + n his, her talo&nbsp;» hänen talonsatalo&nbsp;» hänen talossansatalo&nbsp;» hänen talossaan house&nbsp;» his (her) househouse&nbsp;» in his (her) househouse&nbsp;» in his (her) house meidän -mme our talo&nbsp;» meidän talommetalo&nbsp;» meidän talossamme house&nbsp;» our househouse&nbsp;» in our house teidän, -nne your (plural) talo&nbsp;» teidän talonnetalo&nbsp;» teidän talossanne house&nbsp;» your househouse&nbsp;» in your house heidän, -nsa, -nsä or double vowel + n their talo&nbsp;» heidän talonsa talo&nbsp;» heidän talossansatalo&nbsp;» heidän talossaan house&nbsp;» their househouse&nbsp;» in their househouse&nbsp;» in their house
 
Table 2. Prepositional Endings on Nouns
 
Ending Basic Meaning Example Translation -a, -ä, -ta, -t of, some suku&nbsp;» sukua family&nbsp;» of a family -in by means of, with oma käsi&nbsp;» omin ksin one’s own hands&nbsp;» with one’s own hands -ine + a possessive ending (see Table 1) together with lapsi&nbsp;» lapsinensa or lapsineen child&nbsp;» together with his (her or their) children -ksi changed into, become vaimo&nbsp;» otti vaimoksi wife&nbsp;» took for a wife or became a wife -lla, -llä at, by, in Tampere&nbsp;» Tampereella Tampere&nbsp;» in (at) Tampere -lle to Tampere&nbsp;» Tampereelle Tampere&nbsp;» to Tampere -lta, -ltä from Tampere&nbsp;» Tampereelta Tampere&nbsp;» from Tampere -n of talo&nbsp;» talon väki house&nbsp;» people of the house -na, -nä as lapsi&nbsp;» lapsena child&nbsp;» as a child -ssa, -ssä in Helsinki&nbsp;» Helsingissä Helsinki&nbsp;» in Helsinki double vowel + n into Helsinki&nbsp;» Helsinkiin Helsinki&nbsp;» into Helsinki -sta, -stä from Helsinki&nbsp;» Helsingistä Helsinki&nbsp;» from Helsinki
 
Table 3. Other Word Endings
 
Ending Basic Meaning Example Translation -t forms a plural talo&nbsp;» talot house&nbsp;» houses -ko, -k indicates a question Helsingissä&nbsp;» Helsingissäkö in Helsinki&nbsp;» in Helsinki? -ton without, -less, un- lapsi&nbsp;» lapseton child&nbsp;» childless -tta, -ttä (on verbs) without nähdä&nbsp;» näkemätt to see&nbsp;» without seeing -n, -t shows a direct object talo&nbsp;» näen talon talo&nbsp;» näen talot house&nbsp;» I see the house house&nbsp;» I see the houses
 
Ending: -lla, -ll followed by a form of the verb olla (to be): on, ei ole, oli, ei ollut, on ollut, or ei ole ollut Basic Meaning: shows possession or ownership (to have)
 
<br>
 
Example Translation
 
Anna&nbsp;» Annalla on Anna&nbsp;» Anna has Anna Toivonen&nbsp;» Anna Toivosella oli Anna Toivonen&nbsp;» Anna Toivonen had minä&nbsp;» minulla on ollut I&nbsp;» I have had sinä&nbsp;» sinulla oli you (singular)&nbsp;» you had hän&nbsp;» hänellä oli he/she&nbsp;» he/she had me&nbsp;» meillä ei ole ollut we&nbsp;» we have not had te&nbsp;» teillä on you (plural)&nbsp;» you have he&nbsp;» heillä ei ole they&nbsp;» they do not have
 
<br>Spelling Changes
 
When an ending is added to a word, the consonants within that word may also change. Consider the following examples:
 
Letters that Change Examples
ht to hd lahti to lahden
k to (nothing) Ilmajoki to Ilmajoen
kk to k kirkko to kirkon
lt to ll ilta to illan
mp to mm lampi to lammen
n to s Heinonen to Heinosen
nk to ng Helsinki to Helsingin
nt to nn isäntä to isännn
p to v orpo to orvon
pp to p pappi to papin
rk to r Turku to Turun
rt to rr virta to virran
s to d or t uusi to uuden, uuteen
tt to t tyttö to tytön
uku to uvu suku to suvun
vowel+t to vowel+d iti to idin
 
<br>Alphabetical Order  


Written Finnish uses three letters in addition to the twenty-six letters used in the English alphabet: ä, ö, and for Swedish names, å. Finnish dictionaries and indexes, this word list, and the Locality Search of the Family History Library CatalogLook this term up in the glossary. all use the following alphabetical order:  
Written Finnish uses three letters in addition to the twenty-six letters used in the English alphabet: ä, ö, and for Swedish names, å. Finnish dictionaries and indexes, this word list, and the Locality Search of the Family History Library CatalogLook this term up in the glossary. all use the following alphabetical order:  
Line 88: Line 16:
The letters v and w are frequently alphabetized as the same letter.  
The letters v and w are frequently alphabetized as the same letter.  


Finnish Genealogical Word List
<br>  
 
<br>Table of Contents Language Characteristics Additional Resources Key Words General Word List
 
Ä Numbers Dates


ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
'''Key Words'''
 
This word list includes only the words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For more help, use a Finnish-English dictionary. Several such dictionaries are available at the Family History LibraryLook this term up in the glossary. in the Scandinavia collection. Their call numbers begin with 494.541321. The following dictionary is also available on microfilmLook this term up in the glossary. for use in Family History CentersLook this term up in the glossary.:
 
Alanne, V. S. Suomalais-englantilainen suursanakirja [Great Finnish-English Dictionary]. 3rd ed. Porvoo: Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, 1968. (FHL film 1224706 item 3.)
 
Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject Search of the Family History Library Catalog under FINNISH LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the Locality Search under FINLAND - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES - DICTIONARIES.<br>
 
<br>KEY WORDS


To find and use specific types of Finnish records, you will need to know some key words in Finnish. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the Finnish words with the same or similar meanings.  
To find and use specific types of Finnish records, you will need to know some key words in Finnish. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the Finnish words with the same or similar meanings.  
Line 108: Line 24:
For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriages. In the second column you will find Finnish words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined,and other words used in Finnish records to indicate marriage.  
For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriages. In the second column you will find Finnish words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined,and other words used in Finnish records to indicate marriage.  


    English Finnish
'''English''' '''Finnish''' banns kuulutetut baptism kastetut, kaste-, ristimä- births syntyneet, synty- burials haudatut, hauta-, hauda- child lapsi christenings (See baptism.) confirmations rippilapset, ripille päässeet deaths kuolleet, kuoli- father isä husband mies, aviomies marriages vihityt, vihki-, naim-, avio- month kuukausi, kuu mother äiti name (given name) nimi, etunimi, kastenimi, ristimänimi name (surname) (suku)nimi parents vanhemmat parishs seurakunta, kunta wife vaimo, aviovaimo year vuosi, vuoden, vuonna  
banns kuulutetut
baptism kastetut, kaste-, ristimä-
births syntyneet, synty-
burials haudatut, hauta-, hauda-
child lapsi
christenings (See baptism.)
confirmations rippilapset, ripille päässeet
deaths kuolleet, kuoli-
father isä
husband mies, aviomies
marriages vihityt, vihki-, naim-, avio-
month kuukausi, kuu
mother äiti
name (given name) nimi, etunimi, kastenimi, ristimänimi
name (surname) (suku)nimi
parents vanhemmat
parishs seurakunta, kunta
wife vaimo, aviovaimo
year vuosi, vuoden, vuonna


<br>Finnish Genealogical Word List  
<br>Finnish Genealogical Word List  
Line 434: Line 331:
| given name
| given name
|-
|-
| <br>
| <br>  
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 443: Line 340:
| page
| page
|-
|-
| <br>
| <br>  
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 623: Line 520:
|  
|  
|-
|-
| <br>
| <br>  
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 710: Line 607:
| aged
| aged
|-
|-
| <br>
| <br>  
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 788: Line 685:
| left, remaining
| left, remaining
|-
|-
| <br>
| <br>  
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,385: Line 1,282:
| poor relief records
| poor relief records
|-
|-
| <br>
| <br>  
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,550: Line 1,447:
| foundling
| foundling
|-
|-
| <br>
| <br>  
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,766: Line 1,663:
| cottage
| cottage
|-
|-
| <br>
| <br>  
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,868: Line 1,765:
| hunger
| hunger
|-
|-
| <br>
| <br>  
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 1,952: Line 1,849:
| are
| are
|-
|-
| <br>
| <br>  
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 2,156: Line 2,053:
| minutes
| minutes
|-
|-
| <br>
| <br>  
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 2,315: Line 2,212:
| tailor
| tailor
|-
|-
| <br>
| <br>  
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 2,609: Line 2,506:
| station, class, standing (person of)
| station, class, standing (person of)
|-
|-
| <br>
| <br>  
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 2,837: Line 2,734:
| here
| here
|-
|-
| <br>
| <br>  
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 2,870: Line 2,767:
| new
| new
|-
|-
| <br>
| <br>  
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 3,176: Line 3,073:
| son-in-law
| son-in-law
|-
|-
| <br>
| <br>  
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 3,233: Line 3,130:
| night
| night
|-
|-
| <br>
| <br>  
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 3,259: Line 3,156:
|  
|  
|}
|}
=== Additional Resources  ===
This word list includes only the words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For more help, use a Finnish-English dictionary. Several such dictionaries are available at the Family History LibraryLook this term up in the glossary. in the Scandinavia collection. Their call numbers begin with 494.541321. The following dictionary is also available on microfilmLook this term up in the glossary. for use in Family History CentersLook this term up in the glossary.:
Alanne, V. S. Suomalais-englantilainen suursanakirja [Great Finnish-English Dictionary]. 3rd ed. Porvoo: Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, 1968. (FHL film 1224706 item 3.)
Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject Search of the Family History Library Catalog under FINNISH LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the Locality Search under FINLAND - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES - DICTIONARIES.<br>
<br>
=== References  ===
Family History Department. <u>Genealogical Word List: Finnish</u>. by the Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, 1997


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