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Finland Languages: Difference between revisions
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'''Russian''' is the most spoken immigrant language in Finland but has no official minority language status. It served as the third co-official language with Finnish and Swedish for a very short period between 1900 and 1917. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Finland," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Finland#Russian, accessed 22 May 2023.</ref><br> | '''Russian''' is the most spoken immigrant language in Finland but has no official minority language status. It served as the third co-official language with Finnish and Swedish for a very short period between 1900 and 1917. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Finland," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Finland#Russian, accessed 22 May 2023.</ref><br> | ||
Since Finnish was not an official language in Finland until 1863, most records were written in Swedish. To do research in these records, you will need to know some Swedish and Finnish key words and phrases. Also, be aware that Orthodox church records were written in Russian until after Finnish independence. The Finnish language is spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns elsewhere.<br> | |||
==Word List(s)== | ==Word List(s)== | ||
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*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/finnish.htm Finnish Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)] | *[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/finnish.htm Finnish Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)] | ||
*[https://mylanguages.org/learn_finnish.php Finnish Grammar and Languages Basics (MyLanguages)] | *[https://mylanguages.org/learn_finnish.php Finnish Grammar and Languages Basics (MyLanguages)] | ||
*[https://uusikielemme.fi/finnish-grammar Finnish Grammar (Uusi kielemme)] | |||
'''Swedish''' | '''Swedish''' | ||
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* Arminen, K.V. ''English and Finnish dictionary.'' Hancock, Mich.: Finnish Lutheran Book, 1914. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/4429225 WorldCat]. | * Arminen, K.V. ''English and Finnish dictionary.'' Hancock, Mich.: Finnish Lutheran Book, 1914. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/4429225 WorldCat]. | ||
*[https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/finnish/ Finnish (MustGo)] | *[https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/finnish/ Finnish (MustGo)] | ||
*[https://kaino.kotus.fi/vks/ Dictionary of Old Finnish (Kaino.Kotus)] | |||
*[http://en.bab.la/dictionary/english-finnish/ English-Finnish dictionary (Bab.la)] | |||
'''Swedish''' | '''Swedish''' | ||
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==Additional Resources== | ==Additional Resources== | ||
'''Grammar Help for Finnish''':<br> | |||
When you are looking up names or words in Finnish dictionaries or indexes, it is important to know that the Finnish alphabet has three letters that follow the letter z: å, ä, and ö. The letter å does not occur in native Finnish words, but many personal and geographical names of Swedish origin use this letter. | When you are looking up names or words in Finnish dictionaries or indexes, it is important to know that the Finnish alphabet has three letters that follow the letter z: å, ä, and ö. The letter å does not occur in native Finnish words, but many personal and geographical names of Swedish origin use this letter. <br> | ||
'''Vowels''' | |||
There are eight vowel in Finnish, a, e, i, o, u, y, ä, ö, and å which is found in Swedish words. Finnish has 16 diphthongs of two types. In the first type there is more stress on the first vowel, and in the second, slightly more stress on the second vowel. | There are eight vowel in Finnish, a, e, i, o, u, y, ä, ö, and å which is found in Swedish words. Finnish has 16 diphthongs of two types. In the first type there is more stress on the first vowel, and in the second, slightly more stress on the second vowel. | ||
*First group: au, ou, iu, eu, äy, öy. äi, öi, yi, ui, ei, ai, oi | *First group: au, ou, iu, eu, äy, öy. äi, öi, yi, ui, ei, ai, oi | ||
*Second group: uo, yö, ie | *Second group: uo, yö, ie | ||
A double vowel is twice as long as a single vowel. Double vowel combinations are: aa, ää, ee, ii, oo, öö, uu, and yy. | A double vowel is twice as long as a single vowel. Double vowel combinations are: aa, ää, ee, ii, oo, öö, uu, and yy. | ||
'''Consonants''' | |||
Double consonants are pronounced separately. The first is the final letter of one syllable and the second is the initial letter of the next syllable. | Double consonants are pronounced separately. The first is the final letter of one syllable and the second is the initial letter of the next syllable. | ||
'''Accent''' | |||
The stress always falls on the first syllable, even with words of foreign origin. | The stress always falls on the first syllable, even with words of foreign origin. | ||
*Helsinki (HEL-sin-ki) | *Helsinki (HEL-sin-ki) | ||
*Sibelius (SI-be-lius) | *Sibelius (SI-be-lius) | ||
*Räikkönen (RÄIK-könen) | *Räikkönen (RÄIK-könen) | ||
'''Parts of Speech''' | |||
Unlike English, Finnish does not have indefinite or definite articles (a/an/the). Finnish uses the following parts of speech: | Unlike English, Finnish does not have indefinite or definite articles (a/an/the). Finnish uses the following parts of speech: | ||
{{columns-list|3| | {{columns-list|3| | ||
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}} | }} | ||
== References == | == References == | ||