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Assiniboin People: Difference between revisions
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To get started in [[ | To get started in [[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Research]] | ||
''[[Indians of Montana|Indians of Montana]] > Assiniboin Indians'' | ''[[Indians of Montana|Indians of Montana]] > Assiniboin Indians'' | ||
'''Alternate Names:''' Assiniboine, Nakoda | '''Alternate Names:''' Assiniboine, Nakoda | ||
=== Tribal Headquarters === | === Tribal Headquarters === | ||
Fort Belknap Indian Community<br>RR1, Box 66<br>101 Tribal Way <br>Harlem, MT 59526<br>Phone: 1-406-353-2205<br>Fax: 1-406-353-4541<br>Official Website: [http://www.ftbelknap-nsn.gov www.ftbelknap-nsn.gov]<br> | '''Fort Belknap Indian Community'''<br>RR1, Box 66<br>101 Tribal Way <br>Harlem, MT 59526<br>Phone: 1-406-353-2205<br>Fax: 1-406-353-4541<br>Official Website: [http://www.ftbelknap-nsn.gov www.ftbelknap-nsn.gov]<br> | ||
Fort Peck Assiniboine Sioux Tribes<br>PO Box 1027<br>501 Medicine Bear Road <br>Poplar, MT 59255<br>Phone: 1-406-768-5155<br>Fax: (406) 768-5478<br>Official Website: [http://www.fortpecktribes.org www.fortpecktribes.org]<br>{{infobox ethnic group | '''Fort Peck Assiniboine Sioux Tribes'''<br>PO Box 1027<br>501 Medicine Bear Road <br>Poplar, MT 59255<br>Phone: 1-406-768-5155<br>Fax: (406) 768-5478<br>Official Website: [http://www.fortpecktribes.org www.fortpecktribes.org]<br>{{infobox ethnic group | ||
|group = Assiniboin | |group = Assiniboin | ||
|image = [[Image:Assiniboin-bowman.jpg|right|300px]] | |image = [[Image:Assiniboin-bowman.jpg|right|300px]] | ||
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During the mid 1840s and into the 1850s, emigrants were traveling west across the country in pursuit of silver, gold and land. In 1851 the tribe signed a treaty agreeing not to attack those traveling on the Oregon Trail, and tribe was assigned land in western Montana. | During the mid 1840s and into the 1850s, emigrants were traveling west across the country in pursuit of silver, gold and land. In 1851 the tribe signed a treaty agreeing not to attack those traveling on the Oregon Trail, and tribe was assigned land in western Montana. | ||
In the 1870s the tribe settled on reservations in the United States - Fort Belknap Reservation (with Grosventre Tribe) and Fort Peck Reservation (with Sioux Tribes) - and in Canada - tracts of land in Saskatchewan and Alberta (with Sioux, Cree and Chippewa). Reservation living was difficult at best. | In the 1870s the tribe settled on reservations in the United States - [[Fort_Belknap_Indian_Reservation_(Montana)|Fort Belknap Reservation]] (with Grosventre Tribe) and [[Fort_Peck_Indian_Reservation_(Montana)|Fort Peck Reservation]] (with Sioux Tribes) - and in Canada - tracts of land in Saskatchewan and Alberta (with Sioux, Cree and Chippewa). Reservation living was difficult at best. | ||
The logistics of providing food for the tribes was not efficient. When supplies failed to arrive, disappointed and hungry leaders sometimes confronted the government and military officials, which sometimes developed into warfare. | The logistics of providing food for the tribes was not efficient. When supplies failed to arrive, disappointed and hungry leaders sometimes confronted the government and military officials, which sometimes developed into warfare. | ||
Fredrick W. Hodge states that in 1904, there were 644 Assiniboin Indians living at Fort Belknap Agency and 535 at Fort Peck Agency. | Fredrick W. Hodge states that in 1904, there were 644 Assiniboin Indians living at [[Fort_Belknap_Indian_Agency_(Montana)|Fort Belknap Agency]] and 535 at [[Fort_Peck_Indian_Agency_(Montana)|Fort Peck Agency]]. | ||
==== Brief Timeline ==== | ==== Brief Timeline ==== | ||
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*'''Early: '''forced from Great Lakes area to Minnesota area by tribal warfare | *'''Early: '''forced from Great Lakes area to Minnesota area by tribal warfare | ||
*'''1658:''' living near Lake Superior they encountered non-Indians and began trading with them | *'''1658:''' living near Lake Superior they encountered non-Indians and began trading with them | ||
*'''1800-1837:''' several Assiniboin bands moved into "Montana" and the American Fur | *'''1800-1837:''' several Assiniboin bands moved into "Montana" and the American Fur Company built Fort Union | ||
*'''1836:''' Smallpox epidemic killed about 4,000 | *'''1836:''' Smallpox epidemic killed about 4,000 | ||
*'''1851:''' Treaty at Fort Laramie -- they promise not attack settlers traveling the Oregon Trail and are assigned land in western Montana. | *'''1851:''' Treaty at Fort Laramie -- they promise not attack settlers traveling the Oregon Trail and are assigned land in western Montana. | ||
*'''1855:''' Tribe referred to in treaty with the [[Blackfeet Indians|Blackfeet]] | *'''1855:''' Tribe referred to in treaty with the [[Blackfeet Indians|Blackfeet]] | ||
*'''1866:''' The tribe agreed to move to Fort Buford, in "North Dakota" | *'''1866:''' The tribe agreed to move to Fort Buford, in "North Dakota" | ||
*'''1870's:''' settled on reservations in the United States - Fort Belknap Reservation (with [[Grosventre Indians|GrosVentre ]]Tribe) and Fort Peck Reservation (with Sioux Tribes) - and in Canada - tracts of land in Saskatchewan and Alberta (with Sioux, Cree and Chippewa) | *'''1870's:''' settled on reservations in the United States - Fort Belknap Reservation (with [[Grosventre Indians|GrosVentre ]]Tribe) and Fort Peck Reservation (with Sioux Tribes) - and in Canada - tracts of land in Saskatchewan and Alberta (with [[Sioux_Indians|Sioux]], [[Cree_Indians|Cree]] and [[Chippewa_Indians|Chippewa]]) | ||
*'''1873:''' A massacre of Assiniboin band lead by Little Soldier, at Cypress Hill, inititated the establishment of Northwest Mounted Police by Canada. | *'''1873:''' A massacre of Assiniboin band lead by Little Soldier, at Cypress Hill, inititated the establishment of Northwest Mounted Police by Canada. | ||
*'''1874:''' Fort Belknap was established for the GrosVentre and Upper Assiniboin. | *'''1874:''' Fort Belknap was established for the [[Grosventre_Indians|GrosVentre]] and Upper Assiniboin. | ||
*'''1877:''' Treaty Seven is signed by the Blackfoot Confederacy and by the Stoney (Canadian) Assiniboin | *'''1877:''' Treaty Seven is signed by the Blackfoot Confederacy and by the Stoney (Canadian) Assiniboin | ||
*'''1877:''' Fort Peck (Montana) became the agency for the Lower Asasiniboin and the Yanktonai Nakota and Sisseton-Wahpeton (Dakota) Sioux | *'''1877:''' Fort Peck (Montana) became the agency for the Lower Asasiniboin and the Yanktonai Nakota and [[Sisseton-Wahpeton_Sioux_Tribe,_South_Dakota|Sisseton-Wahpeton]] (Dakota) Sioux | ||
*'''1883-1884:''' In the winter living at Fort Peck, the rations failed to arrive and hundreds of Assiniboin perished due to starvation. | *'''1883-1884:''' In the winter living at Fort Peck, the rations failed to arrive and hundreds of Assiniboin perished due to starvation. | ||
*'''1887-1934:''' General Allotment Act (1887) began land allotment; land allotment of Assiniboin territory discontinued in 1934. | *'''1887-1934:''' General Allotment Act (1887) began land allotment; land allotment of Assiniboin territory discontinued in 1934. | ||
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*[[Fort Belknap Indian Reservation (Montana)|Fort Belknap Reservation]] in Montana | *[[Fort Belknap Indian Reservation (Montana)|Fort Belknap Reservation]] in Montana | ||
*[[Fort Peck Indian Reservation (Montana)|Fort Peck Reservation]] in Montana | *[[Fort Peck Indian Reservation (Montana)|Fort Peck Reservation]] in Montana | ||
=== Records === | === Records === | ||
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The following [[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs]] had jurisdiction over the Assiniboin for the time periods indicated. BIA agencies were responsible to keep such records as census rolls, allotment (land) records, annuity rolls, school records, correspondence, and other records of individual Indians under their jurisdiction. For details, see the page for the respective agency. | The following [[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs]] had jurisdiction over the Assiniboin for the time periods indicated. BIA agencies were responsible to keep such records as census rolls, allotment (land) records, annuity rolls, school records, correspondence, and other records of individual Indians under their jurisdiction. For details, see the page for the respective agency. | ||
The agencies which had jurisdiction over a major portion of the Assiniboin in the United States were: | The agencies and Superintendencies which had jurisdiction over a major portion of the Assiniboin in the United States were: | ||
:[[Upper Missouri Indian Agency|Upper Missouri Agency]], 1819-1864<br> | :[[Upper Missouri Indian Agency|Upper Missouri Agency]], 1819-1864<br> | ||
:[[Fort Berthold Indian Agency (North Dakota)|Fort Berthold Agency]], 1864-1869<br> | :[[Fort Berthold Indian Agency (North Dakota)|Fort Berthold Agency]], 1864-1869<br> | ||
:[[Fort Belknap Indian Agency (Montana)|Fort Belknap Agency]], 1873-present<br> | :[[Fort Belknap Indian Agency (Montana)|Fort Belknap Agency]], 1873-present<br> | ||
:[[Fort Peck Indian Agency (Montana)|Fort Peck Agency]], 1874-present<br> | :[[Fort Peck Indian Agency (Montana)|Fort Peck Agency]], 1874-present<span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1294505130301_373" /><br> | ||
[[St._Peters_Indian_Agency_(Minnesota)|St. Peters Agency]] | |||
Montana Superintencency | |||
[[St._Louis_Superintendency_of_Indian_Affairs|St. Louis Superintendency]] | |||
[[Central_Superintendency_of_Indian_Affairs|Central Superintendency<span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1294505308019_210" />]] | |||
[[Minnesota_Superintendency_of_Indian_Affairs|Minnesota Superintendency]] | |||
[[Dakota_Superintendency_of_Indian_Affairs|Dakota Superintendency]] | |||
==== Census ==== | ==== Census ==== | ||
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The following table lists the census rolls for the Assiniboin Indians: <br> | The following table lists the census rolls for the Assiniboin Indians: <br> | ||
{| | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="col" | | ! scope="col" | | ||
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The following table lists some of the correspondence records relating to the Assiniboin Indians: | The following table lists some of the correspondence records relating to the Assiniboin Indians: | ||
{| | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="col" | Agency | ! scope="col" | Agency | ||