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Trinidad and Tobago Emigration and Immigration: Difference between revisions
Trinidad and Tobago Emigration and Immigration (view source)
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*During the same period, the '''island of Tobago changed hands among Spanish, British, French, Dutch and Courlander (Livonia then, Latvia now) colonists''' more times than any other island in the Caribbean. | *During the same period, the '''island of Tobago changed hands among Spanish, British, French, Dutch and Courlander (Livonia then, Latvia now) colonists''' more times than any other island in the Caribbean. | ||
*Trinidad and Tobago were ceded to Britain in 1802 under the Treaty of Amiens as separate states and unified in 1889. Trinidad and Tobago obtained independence in 1962, becoming a republic in 1976.<ref name="main">"Trinidad and Tobago", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago, accessed 25 July 2021.</ref> | *Trinidad and Tobago were ceded to Britain in 1802 under the Treaty of Amiens as separate states and unified in 1889. Trinidad and Tobago obtained independence in 1962, becoming a republic in 1976.<ref name="main">"Trinidad and Tobago", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago, accessed 25 July 2021.</ref> | ||
*The '''Portuguese''' came to Tobago and Trinidad as early as the 17th century, including groups of '''Jews, Catholics and Protestants'''. For over 140 years, from 1834 up to 1975, the ancestors of the modern Portuguese community in Trinidad and Tobago hailed mostly from the '''archipelago of Madeira''', starting from 1846, with the earliest registers being from '''the Azores''' in 1834.Most Portuguese came directly from Madeira, and also '''via Guyana, St Vincent, Antigua and St Kitts.''' | |||
*In 1777, Spain granted a "Cédula de Población", opening Trinidad for French immigration. It granted free land and tax exemption for 10 years to Roman Catholic foreign settlers who were willing to swear allegiance to the King of Spain. The Spanish also gave many incentives to lure settlers to the island, including exemption from taxes for ten years and land grants. | *In 1777, Spain granted a "Cédula de Población", opening Trinidad for French immigration. It granted free land and tax exemption for 10 years to Roman Catholic foreign settlers who were willing to swear allegiance to the King of Spain. The Spanish also gave many incentives to lure settlers to the island, including exemption from taxes for ten years and land grants. | ||
*During the French Revolution, '''French planters''' with their '''slaves, free coloureds and mulattos from the neighbouring islands of Martinique, Saint Lucia, Grenada, Guadeloupe and Dominica''' migrated to Trinidad, where they established an agriculture-based economy (sugar and cocoa). | *During the French Revolution, '''French planters''' with their '''slaves, free coloureds and mulattos from the neighbouring islands of Martinique, Saint Lucia, Grenada, Guadeloupe and Dominica''' migrated to Trinidad, where they established an agriculture-based economy (sugar and cocoa). | ||
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*In 1838, Trinidad had only 17,439 slaves, with 80% of slave owners having enslaved fewer than 10 people each. | *In 1838, Trinidad had only 17,439 slaves, with 80% of slave owners having enslaved fewer than 10 people each. | ||
*After the African slaves were emancipated many refused to continue working on the plantations. As a result, a severe agricultural labor shortage emerged. The British filled this gap by instituting a system of indentureship. Various nationalities were contracted under this system, including '''Indians, Chinese, and Portuguese'''. | *After the African slaves were emancipated many refused to continue working on the plantations. As a result, a severe agricultural labor shortage emerged. The British filled this gap by instituting a system of indentureship. Various nationalities were contracted under this system, including '''Indians, Chinese, and Portuguese'''. | ||
*Of these, the East Indians were imported in the largest numbers. Indentureship of the Indians lasted from 1845 to 1917, during which time more than 147,000 Indians came to Trinidad to work on sugarcane plantations. About 90% of the Indian immigrants chose, at the end of their contracted periods of indenture, to make Trinidad their permanent home.<ref name="main"/> | *Of these, the '''East Indians''' were imported in the largest numbers. Indentureship of the Indians lasted from 1845 to 1917, during which time more than 147,000 Indians came to Trinidad to work on sugarcane plantations. About 90% of the Indian immigrants chose, at the end of their contracted periods of indenture, to make Trinidad their permanent home.<ref name="main"/> | ||
==Emigration From Trinidad and Tobago== | ==Emigration From Trinidad and Tobago== | ||