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*In the sixteenth century, the Spanish adopted the conjunction '''"y" ("and")''' to distinguish a person's surnames, e.g. Luis de Góngora y Argote or Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes. The conjunction '"y" avoids confusion when the paternal surname might appear to be a given name. Without it, the Santiago Ramón y Cajal might appear to be named Santiago Ramón and surnamed Cajal, when actually his given name is Santiago and Ramón y Cajal is his surname. | *In the sixteenth century, the Spanish adopted the conjunction '''"y" ("and")''' to distinguish a person's surnames, e.g. Luis de Góngora y Argote or Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes. The conjunction '"y" avoids confusion when the paternal surname might appear to be a given name. Without it, the Santiago Ramón y Cajal might appear to be named Santiago Ramón and surnamed Cajal, when actually his given name is Santiago and Ramón y Cajal is his surname. | ||
*When the maternal surname begins with an "i" vowel sound (written with I, Y, Hi + consonant), Spanish substitutes '''"e in place of y"''', e.g. Eduardo Dato e Iradier.<ref>"Spanish naming customs", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_naming_customs, accessed 19 February 2021.</ref> | *When the maternal surname begins with an "i" vowel sound (written with I, Y, Hi + consonant), Spanish substitutes '''"e in place of y"''', e.g. Eduardo Dato e Iradier.<ref>"Spanish naming customs", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_naming_customs, accessed 19 February 2021.</ref> | ||
===Regional Differences=== | |||
There are slight changes in customs for these regions of Spain: | |||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_naming_customs#Basque_names '''Basque Names'''] | |||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_naming_customs#Catalan_names '''Catalan Names'''] | |||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_naming_customs#Galician_names '''Galician Names'''] | |||
===Jewish Surname Customs=== | ===Jewish Surname Customs=== | ||