France Languages: Difference between revisions

<br>jamais never <br>janvier January <br>jardinier gardener <br>je I <br>jeudi Thursday <br>jeune young, the younger, junior <br>jeûne fasting, fast day <br>jour day <br>jour de baptême day of baptism <br>jour d’hier, le yesterday <br>journalier day laborer, farmworker <br>jour suivant the following day <br>juge judge <br>juif Jewish<br>  

Juif Jew<br>juillet July <br>juin June <br>juive Jewish (f.)<br>  

<br>M. sir, Mr. <br>maçon mason, bricklayer <br>Madame Mrs. <br>Mademoiselle unmarried woman, Miss <br>magister village schoolmaster <br>mai May <br>maire mayor <br>mairie town hall <br>mais but <br>maison house <br>[maison communale] [town hall] <br>maître master <br>maître d’école schoolteacher <br>majeur of legal age, (older) <br>majorité legal age, majority <br>maladie disease, sickness <br>maraîcher market gardener <br>marchand merchant <br>marchant trader, merchant <br>marché market <br>mardi Tuesday <br>maréchal ferrant blacksmith <br>mari husband <br>mariage marriage, wedding <br>marié groom, husband, married (m.) <br>mariée bride, wife, married (f.) <br>marier (se marier) to get married <br>mariés the married ones <br>marin sailor <br>marocain(e) Moroccan <br>marraine godmother <br>mars March <br>masculin male, masculine <br>matin early (a.m.), morning <br>mégisseur tanner <br>membre member <br>même the same, even <br>mendiant beggar <br>menuisier joiner, carpenter <br>mercredi Wednesday <br>mère mother <br>mériter to be worthy of <br>messe Catholic mass <br>messidor See “Months” <br>métayer dairy keeper, cowherd, sharecropper <br>métier trade, occupation, profession <br>métis(se) mixed blood <br>meunier miller <br>midi noon <br>mil thousand <br>militaire military <br>mille thousand <br>millième thousandth <br>mineur under legal age, younger, minor <br>minorité under legal age, minority <br>minuit midnight <br>mis(e) en terre buried <br>Mlle Mademoiselle, Miss <br>Mme Madame, Mrs. <br>moi me <br>mois month <br>Monsieur sir, Mr. <br>montagne hill, mountain <br>mort(e) dead, death <br>mort né stillborn <br>moulin mill <br>mourant dying <br>mourir to die <br>moyen(ne) middle, median, central &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>  

<br>naissance birth <br>naturel illegitimate (not always true) <br>né(e) born <br>née maiden name <br>négociant trader, businessman <br>neuf nine <br>neuvième ninth <br>neveu nephew <br>ni neither, nor <br>nièce niece <br>nivôse See “Months” <br>noble nobleman <br>noblesse nobility <br>noces wedding <br>noir(e) black <br>nom name, surname <br>nom de famille surname, last name <br>nommé(e) named, alias <br>non not <br>nonante ninety <br>nonantième ninetieth <br>nord north <br>normand(e) Norman <br>notaire notary <br>notes remarks <br>notre (nôtre, nostre) our <br>nous we, us <br>nouveau, nouvelle new <br>novembre November <br>noyé(e) drowned <br>nuit night <br>numéro number <br>nuptial(e) bridal, pertaining to a wedding  

<br>Palatinat Palatinate, Pfalz <br>par by <br>pareil(le) same, alike, similar <br>parent parent, relative <br>paroisse parish, parish office <br>parrain godfather <br>part portion, part <br>[d’une part] [on the one hand] <br>[et d’autre part] [and on the other hand] <br>pas not <br>pas encore not yet <br>passé past <br>pasteur pastor <br>pâtissier pastry maker <br>pâtre herdsman <br>pauvre indigent, poor <br>pays land, country <br>paysan(ne) small farmer, peasant <br>pêcheur fisher <br>peintre painter <br>penultième day before the last <br>percer des dents teething <br>père father <br>petit small, little <br>petite-fille granddaughter <br>petite noblesse gentry <br>petit-fils grandson <br>petit propriétaire yeoman <br>peuple citizens <br>peut-être maybe, perhaps <br>pharmacien pharmacist <br>pièces documents <br>pied terrier land record <br>plus, en besides, in addition to <br>plus âgé(e) older, elder, oldest, eldest <br>plus vieux older, elder, oldest, eldest <br>pluviôse See “Months” <br>policier policeman <br>pont bridge <br>porte door <br>portugais(e) Portuguese <br>poser place, put <br>pour for <br>pourquoi why <br>prairial See “Months” <br>précédent(e) previous, preceding <br>préfet prefect (the head of a département in France) <br>premier, première first <br>prénom given (first) name <br>près de next to <br>présenté(e) presented <br>prêtre clergyman, priest <br>preuve proof <br>principalité principality <br>prochain(e) following, next, nearest <br>proche parent close relative <br>professeur professor, teacher <br>propos de, à about, concerning <br>propriétaire owner, proprietor <br>protestant Protestant <br>provincial(e) provincial <br>prussien(ne) Prussian <br>publié published, announced <br>publier publish <br>  

<br>recensement census <br>recherche research <br>reconnu recognized, acknowledged <br>reçu(e) received <br>réformé(e) Reformed/Calvinist <br>régisseur farm manager, steward <br>registre register <br>registres d’état civil registers of births, civil marriages, and deaths <br>registres paroissiaux parish registers <br>reine queen <br>religion religion <br>religion prétendue réformé (R.P.R.) Reformed Church, Huguenot <br>rentier, rentière, retired person living from rents, landlord <br>répertoire register, index <br>répertoire toponymique gazetteer <br>République française French Republic <br>retraité(e) formerly employed, retired <br>revue periodical <br>rien nothing <br>rivière stream, river <br>roi (roy) king <br>rouge red <br>rougeole measles <br>royaume kingdom <br>rue street <br>russe Russian <br>  

<br>sa his, her, its <br>sabotier wooden-shoe maker <br>sacristain sacristan, sexton <br>sage-femme midwife <br>saignement bleeding <br>sain sane, healthy <br>saints sacrements last rites <br>samedi Saturday <br>sans without <br>sans vie without life, lifeless <br>savoir to know, namely <br>savonnier soap merchant, soap maker <br>saxon Saxon <br>scarlatine scarlet fever <br>sceau seal <br>scieur sawyer <br>Seigneur the Lord <br>seize sixteen <br>seizième sixteenth <br>selon according to <br>semaine week <br>sénilité old age <br>sept seven <br>septante seventy <br>septantième seventieth <br>septembre September <br>septième seventh <br>sépulture burial <br>seront (they) will be <br>serrurier locksmith <br>servante maid, servant girl <br>ses his, her, its <br>seul(e) single, alone <br>seulement only <br>sexe sex <br>siècle century <br>signature signature <br>signé signed <br>six six <br>sixième sixth <br>société society <br>sœur sister <br>sœur consanguine sister by the same father but different mother <br>sœur germaine sister by the same mother and father <br>sœur utérine sister by the same mother but different father <br>soir (soirée) evening <br>soixante sixty <br>soixante-dix seventy <br>soixante-dixième seventieth <br>soixantième sixtieth <br>soldat soldier <br>son his, her, its <br>sont (they) are <br>sous under, low <br>soussigné(e) the undersigned <br>souvent often <br>statut légal legal status, condition <br>statut personnel personal status, condition <br>sud south <br>suisse Swiss <br>suivant(e) next, following, according to <br>supérieur(e) upper <br>sur on, above, upon, at <br>surlendemain two days later <br>survivant surviving <br>susdit aforementioned <br>susnommé aforementioned <br>  

<br>table index <br>tables décennales ten-year indexes <br>tailleur cloth maker, draper <br>tailleur de pierre stonecutter <br>tailleur d’habits tailor <br>tanneur tanner <br>tant as, so much <br>tante aunt <br>tantôt this afternoon <br>tavernier tavern owner <br>teinturier dyer <br>témoin witness <br>temps time <br>tenir un enfant sur les fonts to act as godfather or godmother to a child <br>terre earth, land <br>terres estate <br>testament last will <br>thermidor See “Months” <br>tisserand weaver <br>tisserand de lin linen weaver <br>tisseur weaver <br>tome volume <br>tonnelier cooper <br>tôt early (a.m.) <br>toujours always <br>tournier turner, woodworker <br>tous all <br>tous les deux both <br>toux cough <br>travailleur worker, laborer <br>travers, à through, across <br>treize thirteen <br>treizième thirteenth <br>trente thirty <br>trente-et-un thirty-one <br>trente-et-unième thirty-first <br>trentième thirtieth <br>tribunal court <br>trois three <br>troisième third <br>tuilier tile maker <br>tumeur tumor <br>tuteur guardian <br>  

<br>valet servant <br>vallée valley <br>varie various <br>variole smallpox <br>veille previous evening or day <br>vendémiaire See “Months” <br>vendeur seller, salesman <br>vendeuse seller, saleslady <br>vendredi Friday <br>ventôse See “Months” <br>vérole venereal disease, syphilis <br>vérole, petite smallpox <br>verrier glassmaker <br>vers toward <br>vert green <br>veuf widowed, widower <br>veuve widowed, widow <br>vie life <br>vieillesse old age <br>vierge virgin, unmarried woman <br>vieux (vieille) old <br>vieux garçon bachelor <br>vigneron grape grower <br>village hamlet, village <br>ville village or town, city <br>vingt twenty <br>vingt-cinq twenty-five <br>vingt-cinquième twenty-fifth <br>vingt-deux twenty-two <br>vingt-deuxième twenty-second <br>vingt-et-un twenty-one <br>vingt-et-unième twenty-first <br>vingt-huit twenty-eight <br>vingt-huitième twenty-eighth <br>vingtième twentieth <br>vingt-neuf twenty-nine <br>vingt-neuvième twenty-ninth <br>vingt-quatre twenty-four <br>vingt-quatrième twenty-fourth <br>vingt-sept twenty-seven <br>vingt-septième twenty-seventh <br>vingt-six twenty-six <br>vingt-sixième twenty-sixth <br>vingt-trois twenty-three <br>vingt-troisième twenty-third <br>vivant living, lifetime <br>vivant, de son during his (her) life <br>vivre to live <br>voir see <br>voisin(e) neighbor <br>vouloir to wish, to want