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Latin Genealogical Word List: Difference between revisions

Latin Genealogical Word List (view source)

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=== Language Characteristics  ===
=== Language Characteristics  ===


==== Variant Forms of Words ====
==== Inflections ====


In Latin, the endings of most words vary according to how the words are used in a sentence. ''Who—whose— whom or marry—marries—married'' are examples of words in English with variant forms. This word list gives the most commonly seen form of each Latin word. As you read Latin records, be aware that almost all words vary with usage.  
Latin is an inflected language, meaning that the endings of words vary according to how the words are used in a sentence ''Who—whose— whom or marry—marries—married'' are examples of words in English with variant forms. This word list gives the most commonly seen form of each Latin word. As you read Latin records, be aware that almost all words vary with usage.  
 
<br>
 
The ''case'' of a word describes how it is being used in a sentence. The main three cases are:
 
'''Nominative''': when the noun is the subject of the sentence, i.e. it is doing the verb <br> '''Accusative'''&nbsp;: when the noun is the object of the sentence, so something else is doing a verb on it. <br> '''Genitive''': the noun possesses or belongs to something else. In English indicated by 'of' or 's
 
A words ending also varies by whether it is plural or singular. Latin words are divided into three main ''declensions''. Each declension had it own basic pattern for word endings.
 
The main word endings genealogists need to know are:
 
{| width="300" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
|-
| Situation
| 1st declension
| 2nd declension
| 3rd declension
|-
| Nominative singular
| -a
| -us
|
|-
| Nominative plural
| -ae
| -i
| -es
|-
| Genitive Singular
| -ae
| -i
| -is
|-
| Genitive Plural
| -arum
| -orum
| -um
|-
| Accusative Singular
| -am
| -um
| -em
|-
| Accusative Plural
| -as
| -os
| -es
|}
 
<br>
 
Most Male names are in the 2nd declension. Nearly all female names are in the 1st declension. Names from both genders can be found in the 3rd declension.&nbsp;
 
<br>


==== Gender  ====
==== Gender  ====
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<br>  
<br>  
</div>  
</div>  
==== Plurals ====
====  ====
 
Plural forms of Latin words usually end in ''-i, -ae, or -es''. Thus ''patrinus'' (godfather) becomes ''patrini'' (godparents), ''filia'' (daughter) becomes ''filiae'' (daughters), and ''pater'' (father) becomes ''patres'' (fathers). However, these same endings may also indicate other grammatical changes besides plurality.
 
==== Grammar  ====
 
The endings of Latin words can also vary depending on the grammatical use of the words. Latin grammar requires a specific type of ending for a word used as the subject of the sentence, used in the possessive, used as the object of a verb, or used with a preposition. Latin words fall into several classes, each with its own set of grammatical endings.


If you do not find a Latin word in this list with the same ending as the word in your Latin document, find a similar ending in the examples below to see how the word in your document is used:
==== Examples and Exceptions<br> ====


:<br>
:<br>
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=== Roman Numerals  ===
=== Roman Numerals  ===


Roman numerals are written as combinations of the seven letters listed below. The letters can be written in capital (<font size="+1" face="Times">XVI</font>) or lower-case (<font size="+1" face="Times">xvi</font>) letters.  
Roman numerals are written as combinations of the seven letters listed below. The letters can be written in capital (<font face="Times" size="+1">XVI</font>) or lower-case (<font face="Times" size="+1">xvi</font>) letters.  


{| width="90%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" align="center" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders"
{| width="90%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" align="center" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders"
|-
|-
| <font size="+1" face="Times">I = 1</font>  
| <font face="Times" size="+1">I = 1</font>  
| <font size="+1" face="Times">V = 5</font>  
| <font face="Times" size="+1">V = 5</font>  
| <font size="+1" face="Times">X = 10</font>  
| <font face="Times" size="+1">X = 10</font>  
| <font size="+1" face="Times">L = 50</font>  
| <font face="Times" size="+1">L = 50</font>  
| <font size="+1" face="Times">C = 100</font>  
| <font face="Times" size="+1">C = 100</font>  
| <font size="+1" face="Times">D = 500</font>  
| <font face="Times" size="+1">D = 500</font>  
| <font size="+1" face="Times">M = 1000</font>
| <font face="Times" size="+1">M = 1000</font>
|}
|}


<font size="+1" face="Times">D</font> is sometimes represented by the symbol [[Image:Roman Numeral D.jpg|24px|Roman Numeral D.jpg]].  
<font face="Times" size="+1">D</font> is sometimes represented by the symbol [[Image:Roman Numeral D.jpg|24px|Roman Numeral D.jpg]].  


<font size="+1" face="Times">M</font> is sometimes represented by the symbol [[Image:Roman Numeral M.jpg|32px|Roman Numeral M.jpg]].  
<font face="Times" size="+1">M</font> is sometimes represented by the symbol [[Image:Roman Numeral M.jpg|32px|Roman Numeral M.jpg]].  


If smaller value numbers follow larger value numbers, add the values together. If a smaller value number precedes a larger value number, subtract the smaller from the larger. For example:  
If smaller value numbers follow larger value numbers, add the values together. If a smaller value number precedes a larger value number, subtract the smaller from the larger. For example:  
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{| width="65%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" align="center" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders"
{| width="65%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" align="center" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders"
|-
|-
| <font size="+1" face="Times">VII <br>IX <br>XL <br>MDCCII <br>MCMLXIV</font>  
| <font face="Times" size="+1">VII <br>IX <br>XL <br>MDCCII <br>MCMLXIV</font>  
| <font size="+1" face="Times">= (5+2) = 7 <br>= (10-1) = 9 <br>= (50-10) = 40 <br>= 1000+500+200+2 = 1702 <br>= 1000+(1000-100)+50+10+(5-1) = 1964</font>
| <font face="Times" size="+1">= (5+2) = 7 <br>= (10-1) = 9 <br>= (50-10) = 40 <br>= 1000+500+200+2 = 1702 <br>= 1000+(1000-100)+50+10+(5-1) = 1964</font>
|}
|}


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{| width="80%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" align="center" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders"
{| width="80%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" align="center" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders"
|-
|-
| <font size="+1" face="Times">1 = I <br>2 = II <br>3 = III <br>4 = IV <br>5 = V <br>6 = VI <br>7 = VII <br>8 = VIII <br>9 = IX <br>10 = X <br>11 = XI <br>12 = XII <br>13 = XIII <br> <br></font>  
| <font face="Times" size="+1">1 = I <br>2 = II <br>3 = III <br>4 = IV <br>5 = V <br>6 = VI <br>7 = VII <br>8 = VIII <br>9 = IX <br>10 = X <br>11 = XI <br>12 = XII <br>13 = XIII <br> <br></font>  
| <font size="+1" face="Times">14 = XIV <br>15 = XV <br>16 = XVI <br>17 = XVII <br>18 = XVIII <br>19 = XIX <br>20 = XX <br>21 = XXI <br>22 = XXII <br>23 = XXIII <br>24 = XXIV <br>25 = XXV <br>26 = XXVI <br> <br></font>  
| <font face="Times" size="+1">14 = XIV <br>15 = XV <br>16 = XVI <br>17 = XVII <br>18 = XVIII <br>19 = XIX <br>20 = XX <br>21 = XXI <br>22 = XXII <br>23 = XXIII <br>24 = XXIV <br>25 = XXV <br>26 = XXVI <br> <br></font>  
| <font size="+1" face="Times">27 = XXVII <br>28 = XXVIII <br>29 = XXIX <br>30 = XXX <br>31 = XXXI <br>40 = XL <br>50 = L <br>60 = LX <br>70 = LXX <br>80 = LXXX <br>90 = XC <br>100 = C <br>101 = CI <br> </font>  
| <font face="Times" size="+1">27 = XXVII <br>28 = XXVIII <br>29 = XXIX <br>30 = XXX <br>31 = XXXI <br>40 = XL <br>50 = L <br>60 = LX <br>70 = LXX <br>80 = LXXX <br>90 = XC <br>100 = C <br>101 = CI <br> </font>  
| <font size="+1" face="Times">150 = CL <br>200 = CC <br>300 = CCC <br>400 = CD <br>500 = D <br>600 = DC <br>700 = DCC <br>800 = DCCC <br>900 = CM <br>1000 = M <br>1600 = MDC <br>1700 = MDCC <br>1800 = MDCCC <br>1900 = MCM</font>
| <font face="Times" size="+1">150 = CL <br>200 = CC <br>300 = CCC <br>400 = CD <br>500 = D <br>600 = DC <br>700 = DCC <br>800 = DCCC <br>900 = CM <br>1000 = M <br>1600 = MDC <br>1700 = MDCC <br>1800 = MDCCC <br>1900 = MCM</font>
|}
|}


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|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|k=|w=|x=|y=}}
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|k=|w=|x=|y=}}  


==== G  ====
==== G  ====
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|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|k=|w=|x=|y=}}
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|k=|w=|x=|y=}}  


==== J  ====
==== J  ====
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|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|k=|w=|x=|y=}}
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|k=|w=|x=|y=}}  


==== L  ====
==== L  ====
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==== S  ====
==== S  ====


{| width="99%" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders"
{| width="99%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="0" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders"
|-
|-
| width="200" | sabbatinus, dies <br>sabbatum <br>sacellanus <br>sacer <br>sacerdos (sacerdotis) <br>sacramentum <br>[omnibus sacramentis provisis] <br>[sacramentis totiis munitiis] <br>sacro fonte baptismi <br>saeculum <br>saepe <br>salarium <br> Saluatoris <br>sanctus <br>sanus <br>sartor <br>satis <br>saturni, dies <br>scabinus <br>scarlatina <br>schola <br>scorbutus <br>scorifex (scorificis) <br>scorta <br>scotia <br>scribo <br>scripsit <br>scriptum <br>secundus <br>sed <br>sedecim <br>sellarius <br>semel <br>semi <br>semper <br>senex (senicis) <br>senilis <br>senior <br>senium <br>sepelivi <br>septagenarius <br>septem <br>septembris <br>septemdecim <br>septentrional <br>septigenti <br>septimana <br>septimus <br>septimus decimus <br>septingentesimus <br>septuagesimus <br>septuaginta <br>sepultorum, liber <br>sepultus est <br>sequens (sequentis) <br>serdo (serdonis) <br>servus <br>sescentesimus <br>sescenti <br>seu <br>sex <br>sexagesimus <br>sexaginta <br>sextus <br>sextus decimus <br>sexus <br>si <br>sic <br>sigillum <br>signum <br>signum fecit <br>silva <br>sine <br>sinister <br>sinus <br>[in sinum maternum conditus] <br>sive <br>smigator <br>socer (socris) <br>socius <br>socrinus <br>socrus <br>sol (solis) <br>solemnicationis <br>solis, dies <br>solutus <br>soror <br>sororius <br>spasmus <br>spirituales, parentes <br>sponsa <br>sponsalia <br>sponsalis <br>sponsatus <br>sponsor <br>sponsus <br>spurius <br>statim <br>status <br>stemma <br>stinarius <br>stirps <br>stuprata <br>stuprator <br>sub <br>subscripsit <br>subscriptus <br>subsequentis <br>subsignatum <br>subsignavit <br>suevia <br>sum <br>sunt <br>superior <br>superstes <br>supra <br>supradictum <br>surdus <br>susceptor <br>susceptores <br>susceptorix <br>sutor <br>suus <br>synergus  
| width="200" | sabbatinus, dies <br>sabbatum <br>sacellanus <br>sacer <br>sacerdos (sacerdotis) <br>sacramentum <br>[omnibus sacramentis provisis] <br>[sacramentis totiis munitiis] <br>sacro fonte baptismi <br>saeculum <br>saepe <br>salarium <br> Saluatoris <br>sanctus <br>sanus <br>sartor <br>satis <br>saturni, dies <br>scabinus <br>scarlatina <br>schola <br>scorbutus <br>scorifex (scorificis) <br>scorta <br>scotia <br>scribo <br>scripsit <br>scriptum <br>secundus <br>sed <br>sedecim <br>sellarius <br>semel <br>semi <br>semper <br>senex (senicis) <br>senilis <br>senior <br>senium <br>sepelivi <br>septagenarius <br>septem <br>septembris <br>septemdecim <br>septentrional <br>septigenti <br>septimana <br>septimus <br>septimus decimus <br>septingentesimus <br>septuagesimus <br>septuaginta <br>sepultorum, liber <br>sepultus est <br>sequens (sequentis) <br>serdo (serdonis) <br>servus <br>sescentesimus <br>sescenti <br>seu <br>sex <br>sexagesimus <br>sexaginta <br>sextus <br>sextus decimus <br>sexus <br>si <br>sic <br>sigillum <br>signum <br>signum fecit <br>silva <br>sine <br>sinister <br>sinus <br>[in sinum maternum conditus] <br>sive <br>smigator <br>socer (socris) <br>socius <br>socrinus <br>socrus <br>sol (solis) <br>solemnicationis <br>solis, dies <br>solutus <br>soror <br>sororius <br>spasmus <br>spirituales, parentes <br>sponsa <br>sponsalia <br>sponsalis <br>sponsatus <br>sponsor <br>sponsus <br>spurius <br>statim <br>status <br>stemma <br>stinarius <br>stirps <br>stuprata <br>stuprator <br>sub <br>subscripsit <br>subscriptus <br>subsequentis <br>subsignatum <br>subsignavit <br>suevia <br>sum <br>sunt <br>superior <br>superstes <br>supra <br>supradictum <br>surdus <br>susceptor <br>susceptores <br>susceptorix <br>sutor <br>suus <br>synergus  
| Saturday <br>Saturday <br>chaplain <br>sacred <br>priest <br>sacrament, ordinance, rite <br>[(he/she) was provided with all the last rites] <br>[(being) fortified by all the last rites] <br>in the sacred font of baptism <br>a generation, century, age, eternity, world <br>often <br>salary <br> Savior (as in year of our Lord) <br>holy, sacred, a saint <br>healthy <br>tailor <br>enough <br>Saturday <br>judge, lay assessor <br>scarlet fever <br>school <br>scurvy <br>tanner <br>unmarried mother, whore <br>Scotland <br>I write <br>he/she wrote <br>written <br>second <br>but <br>sixteen <br>saddler <br>once, a single time <br>half <br>always <br>old man <br>weak with age <br>older, elder <br>old age <br>I buried <br>a person in his seventies <br>seven <br>of September <br>seventeen <br>north, as in America Septentrionali <br>seven hundred <br>week <br>seventh <br>seventeenth <br>seven hundredth <br>seventieth <br>seventy <br>burial register <br>he was buried <br>following <br>tanner <br>servant <br>six hundredth <br>six hundred <br>or <br>six <br>sixtieth <br>sixty <br>sixth <br>sixteenth <br>sex <br>if <br>thus, so, yes <br>seal <br>sign, mark <br>he/she made a mark, signed <br>woods, forest <br>without <br>left <br>bosom, breast <br>[given into the maternal breast (buried)] <br>or <br>soap maker <br>father-in-law <br>apprentice, comrade, associate <br>brother-in-law <br>mother-in-law <br>the sun <br>marriage <br>Sunday <br>unmarried, free from debt <br>sister <br>brother-in-law (sister's husband) <br>cramps <br>godparents <br>bride, spouse, betrothed <br>marriage banns <br>betrothed <br>married <br>godparent <br>groom, spouse, betrothed <br>illegitimate <br>immediately <br>condition, status <br>pedigree <br>plowman <br>origin, source <br>pregnant (out of wedlock) <br>father of an illegitimate child <br>under, beneath, below <br>he/she undersigned <br>undersigned <br>following, subsequent <br>marked or signed below <br>he/she marked (signed) below <br>Sweden <br>I am <br>they are <br>upper <br>surviving, still living <br>before, above, beyond <br>above written <br>deaf <br>godparent (male) <br>godparents <br>godparent (female) <br>cobbler, shoemaker <br>his/her/its own, their own <br>apprentice
| Saturday <br>Saturday <br>chaplain <br>sacred <br>priest <br>sacrament, ordinance, rite <br>[(he/she) was provided with all the last rites] <br>[(being) fortified by all the last rites] <br>in the sacred font of baptism <br>a generation, century, age, eternity, world <br>often <br>salary <br> Savior (as in year of our Lord) <br>holy, sacred, a saint <br>healthy <br>tailor <br>enough <br>Saturday <br>judge, lay assessor <br>scarlet fever <br>school <br>scurvy <br>tanner <br>unmarried mother, whore <br>Scotland <br>I write <br>he/she wrote <br>written <br>second <br>but <br>sixteen <br>saddler <br>once, a single time <br>half <br>always <br>old man <br>weak with age <br>older, elder <br>old age <br>I buried <br>a person in his seventies <br>seven <br>of September <br>seventeen <br>north, as in America Septentrionali <br>seven hundred <br>week <br>seventh <br>seventeenth <br>seven hundredth <br>seventieth <br>seventy <br>burial register <br>he was buried <br>following <br>tanner <br>servant <br>six hundredth <br>six hundred <br>or <br>six <br>sixtieth <br>sixty <br>sixth <br>sixteenth <br>sex <br>if <br>thus, so, yes <br>seal <br>sign, mark <br>he/she made a mark, signed <br>woods, forest <br>without <br>left <br>bosom, breast <br>[given into the maternal breast (buried)] <br>or <br>soap maker <br>father-in-law <br>apprentice, comrade, associate <br>brother-in-law <br>mother-in-law <br>the sun <br>marriage <br>Sunday <br>unmarried, free from debt <br>sister <br>brother-in-law (sister's husband) <br>cramps <br>godparents <br>bride, spouse, betrothed <br>marriage banns <br>betrothed <br>married <br>godparent <br>groom, spouse, betrothed <br>illegitimate <br>immediately <br>condition, status <br>pedigree <br>plowman <br>origin, source <br>pregnant (out of wedlock) <br>father of an illegitimate child <br>under, beneath, below <br>he/she undersigned <br>undersigned <br>following, subsequent <br>marked or signed below <br>he/she marked (signed) below <br>Sweden <br>I am <br>they are <br>upper <br>surviving, still living <br>before, above, beyond <br>above written <br>deaf <br>godparent (male) <br>godparents <br>godparent (female) <br>cobbler, shoemaker <br>his/her/its own, their own <br>apprentice
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|k=|w=|x=|y=}}
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|k=|w=|x=|y=}}  


==== T  ====
==== T  ====
Av85647
1,278

edits

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