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Chippewa Tribe: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Chippewa, Arrow-Maker.jpg|thumb|right|180x202px | [[Image:Chippewa, Arrow-Maker.jpg|thumb|right|180x202px]] | ||
[[Image:Chippewa, Woman and Infant, (1900).jpg|thumb|right|183x204px | [[Image:Chippewa, Woman and Infant, (1900).jpg|thumb|right|183x204px]] | ||
To get started in [[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Research]] | To get started in [[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Research]] | ||
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'''See also:''' [[Chippewa-Cree Indians|Chippewa-Cree]] | '''See also:''' [[Chippewa-Cree Indians|Chippewa-Cree]] | ||
=== [[Image:Chippewa, Chief Rocky Boy (Stone Child) dressed in an ornate attire, NO. 120.jpg|thumb|right|240x260px | === [[Image:Chippewa, Chief Rocky Boy (Stone Child) dressed in an ornate attire, NO. 120.jpg|thumb|right|240x260px]]Tribal Headquarters === | ||
[http://www.glitc.org/ Great Lakes Inter-tribal Council Tribal]'''<br>'''St. Croix Chippewa Community<br>24663 Angeline Avenue - Webster WI 54893<br>Phone: 715-349-2195 - Fax: 715-349-5768<br> | [http://www.glitc.org/ Great Lakes Inter-tribal Council Tribal]'''<br>'''St. Croix Chippewa Community<br>24663 Angeline Avenue - Webster WI 54893<br>Phone: 715-349-2195 - Fax: 715-349-5768<br> | ||
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*'''1689-1763:''' Fought the English and French in the French and Indian War, to protect their land and race | *'''1689-1763:''' Fought the English and French in the French and Indian War, to protect their land and race | ||
*'''1754-63:''' Fought the English and French in another French and Indian War | *'''1754-63:''' Fought the English and French in another French and Indian War | ||
*'''1763: '''Led by their leader '''By-yon-di-ac (Pontiac)''', they fought the English who protected the French Colony in Quebec. | *'''1763: '''Led by their leader '''By-yon-di-ac (Pontiac)''', they fought the English who protected the French Colony in Quebec. | ||
*'''1769:''' Led the [[Ottawa Indians|Ottawa,]] [[Potawatomi Indians|Potawatomi,]] Sac, Meskwaki and [[Kickapoo Indians|Kickapoo]] to defeat the Illinois tribe after the English hired an Illini assassin to kill Pontiac. | *'''1769:''' Led the [[Ottawa Indians|Ottawa,]] [[Potawatomi Indians|Potawatomi,]] Sac, Meskwaki and [[Kickapoo Indians|Kickapoo]] to defeat the Illinois tribe after the English hired an Illini assassin to kill Pontiac. | ||
*'''1776-1783: '''Fought the British and their colonies during the Revolutionary War | *'''1776-1783: '''Fought the British and their colonies during the Revolutionary War | ||
*'''1783-1795: '''Fought the English and their American Colonies for control of the Midwest. The war ended after the Chippewa's lost the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794. Land cessions soon commenced. | *'''1783-1795: '''Fought the English and their American Colonies for control of the Midwest. The war ended after the Chippewa's lost the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794. Land cessions soon commenced. | ||
*'''1811-1815: '''Fought the English and their American Colonies, to defend their land and race. After losing the conflict, the Chippewa's ceded more land. | *'''1811-1815: '''Fought the English and their American Colonies, to defend their land and race. After losing the conflict, the Chippewa's ceded more land. | ||
*'''1815:''' Ceded much of their land | *'''1815:''' Ceded much of their land | ||
*'''1830:''' | *'''1830:''' In opposition to the Indian removal Act; many of the tribe moved north to Canada. Some remained in the U.S. | ||
*'''1833: '''On September 26, 1833, a treaty set aside a 5 million acre Reservation for the Chippewa's who originally lived in southern Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Michigan. It was located in western Iowa, extreme southern Minnesota, and northwestern Missouri. In Iowa, it extended up to where Spirit Lake is located then into extreme southern Minnesota..<br> | *'''1832: '''Led Black Hawks War. It was fought to stop the Chippewa's from leaving Illinois and Wisconsin, for Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri. The Chippewa's lost the war and prepared for an exodus to the west and southwest. | ||
*'''1836:''' May 9, the Swan Creek and Black River Saginaw Chippewa's, sign a treaty which eventually led to the exodus of 1838-1839.<br> | *'''1833: '''On September 26, 1833, a treaty set aside a 5 million acre Reservation for the Chippewa's who originally lived in southern Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Michigan. It was located in western Iowa, extreme southern Minnesota, and northwestern Missouri. In Iowa, it extended up to where Spirit Lake is located then into extreme southern Minnesota. It was thought by leaders of the United States, that the vast Reservation would keep the Chippewa's from commencing an exodus.<br> | ||
*'''1836:''' May 9, the Swan Creek and Black River Saginaw Chippewa's, sign a treaty which eventually led to the exodus of 1838-1839.<br> | |||
*'''1836: '''In this year the United States used fraud to illegally take a large part of the 5 million acre Chippewa Reservation in Iowa, extreme southern Minnesota, and northwestern Missouri. The Platte Purchase was fraudulent and led to a short minor war (Heatherly War) in 1836. Mormons commenced to increase their missionary work among the Chippewa's of this location. It led to civil strife. | *'''1836: '''In this year the United States used fraud to illegally take a large part of the 5 million acre Chippewa Reservation in Iowa, extreme southern Minnesota, and northwestern Missouri. The Platte Purchase was fraudulent and led to a short minor war (Heatherly War) in 1836. Mormons commenced to increase their missionary work among the Chippewa's of this location. It led to civil strife. | ||
*'''1838-1839:''' Swan Creek and Black River Saginaw Chippewa's followed prophecy and commenced an exodus west into Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas. They eventually settled in Kansas. Most continued to follow prophecy and migrated down to northern Mexico. The State of Coahuila, where a very large Reservation was set aside for them. Chief Eshtonoquot was one of the principle Chippewa leaders during the 1838-1839 exodus. | *'''1838-1839:''' Swan Creek and Black River Saginaw Chippewa's followed prophecy and commenced an exodus west into Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas. They eventually settled in Kansas. Most continued to follow prophecy and migrated down to northern Mexico. The State of Coahuila, where a very large Reservation was set aside for them. Chief Eshtonoquot was one of the principle Chippewa leaders during the 1838-1839 exodus. | ||
*'''1846: '''On June 5 and 17 of 1846, the United States broke treaty and illegally eradicated the 5 million acre Chippewa Reservation in Iowa, extreme southern Minnesota, and northwestern Missouri. After the Reservation was eradicated, large numbers of Chippewa's followed prophecy and migrated west and to Mexico. Among them was probably chief Big Bear and the parents of chief Rocky Boy. Actually, Chief Big Bear may have been chief Rocky Boy's father. Chief Little Bear (he was one of chief Big Bears sons) told the whites his father lived along the Snake River in southeastern Idaho. They moved up to the Black Hills of southwestern Montana. Chief Rocky Boy was born in either 1852 or 1853, near what would become Anaconda, Montana. After the eradication of the Chippewa's Iowa and Missouri Reservation, some of the Chippewa's relocated to eastern Kansas. The United States no longer referred to the Chippewa's of the old Chippewa Reservation in Iowa and Missouri, as Chippewa. They commenced to call them Potawatomi. Later, they included the Citizen Chippewa's as Citizen Potawatomi likewise. The Prairie Potawatomi Reservation of Kansas is really a Chippewa Reservation. They are the same people. The only part of the 5 million acre Reservation remaining now, is the Sac & Fox and Ioway Reservation of Nebraska. It borders the old 5 million acre Chippewa Reservation. Of course, the Sac and Ioway are Chippewa.<br> | *'''1846: '''On June 5 and 17 of 1846, the United States broke treaty and illegally eradicated the 5 million acre Chippewa Reservation in Iowa, extreme southern Minnesota, and northwestern Missouri. After the Reservation was eradicated, large numbers of Chippewa's followed prophecy and migrated west and to Mexico. Among them was probably chief Big Bear and the parents of chief Rocky Boy. Actually, Chief Big Bear may have been chief Rocky Boy's father. Chief Little Bear (he was one of chief Big Bears sons) told the whites his father lived along the Snake River in southeastern Idaho. They moved up to the Black Hills of southwestern Montana. Chief Rocky Boy was born in either 1852 or 1853, near what would become Anaconda, Montana. After the eradication of the Chippewa's Iowa and Missouri Reservation, some of the Chippewa's relocated to eastern Kansas. The United States no longer referred to the Chippewa's of the old Chippewa Reservation in Iowa and Missouri, as Chippewa. They commenced to call them Potawatomi. Later, they included the Citizen Chippewa's as Citizen Potawatomi likewise. The Prairie Potawatomi Reservation of Kansas is really a Chippewa Reservation. They are the same people. The only part of the 5 million acre Reservation remaining now, is the Sac & Fox and Ioway Reservation of Nebraska. It borders the old 5 million acre Chippewa Reservation. Of course, the Sac and Ioway are Chippewa.<br> | ||
*'''1846-1847: '''Another large exodus commenced in 1846-1847. Over 70,000 Chippewa's, other Indians, and blacks migrated west into Utah. A few Mormon Missionaries were amongst them. From Utah, they sent out exploration parties to find land the whites would vomit over. They found it in the deserts of Arizona, California, and Nevada. Not all moved to those locations however. Many moved to the region just east of Los Angeles, California. | *'''1846-1847: '''Another large exodus commenced in 1846-1847. Over 70,000 Chippewa's, other Indians, and blacks migrated west into Utah. A few Mormon Missionaries were amongst them. From Utah, they sent out exploration parties to find land the whites would vomit over. They found it in the deserts of Arizona, California, and Nevada. Not all moved to those locations however. Many moved to the region just east of Los Angeles, California. They settled the region between Los Angeles and San Bernardino. Today, they are very numerous in that location. In response to the massive exodus, the United States launched a war for control of Mexico which includes California of course. | ||
*'''1847: '''Ceded more land in Michigan and Wisconsin | *'''1847: '''Ceded more land in Michigan and Wisconsin | ||
*'''1860-1908:''' Removed to Indian territory (Oklahoma) among the Cherokee<br> | *'''1860-1908:''' Removed to Indian territory (Oklahoma) among the Cherokee<br> | ||
*'''1860-1885: '''Fought a series of wars against the white invaders in Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Wyoming, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, California, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, New Mexico, Colorado, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Alberta, and Saskatchewan. | *'''1860-1885: '''Fought a series of wars against the white invaders in Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Wyoming, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, California, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, New Mexico, Colorado, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Alberta, and Saskatchewan. | ||
*'''1864-1865: '''Another large exodus was commenced by the Chippewa's of Kansas during late 1864 and early 1865. Chief Eshtonoquot organized the large exodus. The United States learned about the large number of Indians and blacks migrating to Mexico and sent a force of several hundred of their soldiers to try and halt the exodus. A battle (the Battle of Dove Creek) was fought on January 8, 1865 in northwestern Texas in which the Indians defeated the United States. The exodus continued. They eventually settled down in the Mexican States of Chihuahua and Coahuila. Mexican leaders formed an alliance with the Indians and blacks. They created several very large Reservations for the Indians and blacks in the Mexican States of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sinaloa, and Sonora. | *'''1864-1865: '''Another large exodus was commenced by the Chippewa's of Kansas during late 1864 and early 1865. Chief Eshtonoquot organized the large exodus. The United States learned about the large number of Indians and blacks migrating to Mexico and sent a force of several hundred of their soldiers to try and halt the exodus. A battle (the Battle of Dove Creek) was fought on January 8, 1865 in northwestern Texas in which the Indians defeated the United States. The exodus continued. They eventually settled down in the Mexican States of Chihuahua and Coahuila. Mexican leaders formed an alliance with the Indians and blacks. They created several very large Reservations for the Indians and blacks in the Mexican States of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sinaloa, and Sonora. | ||
*'''1868: '''On June 1, 1868, a treaty was signed with Chippewa leaders of Kansas. Chief Eshtonoquot had recently died. After his death, new Chippewa leaders were more willing to relocate. They agreed to relocate to a new Reservation (the Navajo Reservation) in Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. Another treaty was supposedly signed also on June 1, 1868, at Fort Sumner, New Mexico Territory which set aside the Navajo Reservation. However, the United States did not ratify (they don't recognize the Navajo Reservation) the June 1, 1868 Treaty signed at Fort Sumner, New Mexico Territory. That's why the June 1, 1868 Treaty signed by Chippewa leaders in Kansas, is an important backup. | *'''1868: '''On June 1, 1868, a treaty was signed with Chippewa leaders of Kansas. Chief Eshtonoquot had recently died. After his death, new Chippewa leaders were more willing to relocate. They agreed to relocate to a new Reservation (the Navajo Reservation) in Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. Another treaty was supposedly signed also on June 1, 1868, at Fort Sumner, New Mexico Territory which set aside the Navajo Reservation. However, the United States did not ratify (they don't recognize the Navajo Reservation) the June 1, 1868 Treaty signed at Fort Sumner, New Mexico Territory. That's why the June 1, 1868 Treaty signed by Chippewa leaders in Kansas, is an important backup. | ||
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National Archives film M234, Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affaris, 1824-1881. Includes 1. 1838 list of Chippewa, Ottawa and Pottawatomie entitled to benefits at the Council Bluffs Agency. (File H571, Roll 215) 2. 1878 lists of heads of families for Pillager and Lake Winnebigoshish Chippewa, (Fild K259, Roll 1166) 3. 1878 lists of heads of families for White Oake, Point and Mississippi Chippewa, (File K266, Roll 166)(source: NAR RR#1002) | National Archives film M234, Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affaris, 1824-1881. Includes 1. 1838 list of Chippewa, Ottawa and Pottawatomie entitled to benefits at the Council Bluffs Agency. (File H571, Roll 215) 2. 1878 lists of heads of families for Pillager and Lake Winnebigoshish Chippewa, (Fild K259, Roll 1166) 3. 1878 lists of heads of families for White Oake, Point and Mississippi Chippewa, (File K266, Roll 166)(source: NAR RR#1002) | ||
==== [[Image:Chippewa, Chief Kenawash, 3.jpg|thumb|right|232x264px | ==== [[Image:Chippewa, Chief Kenawash, 3.jpg|thumb|right|232x264px]]Treaties ==== | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0006.htm 1785] January 21, at Fort McIntosh - Wyandot | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0006.htm 1785] January 21, at Fort McIntosh - Wyandot | ||
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*November 17, 1807, at Detroit - Ottawa | *November 17, 1807, at Detroit - Ottawa | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0099.htm 1808] November 25, at Brownstown | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0099.htm 1808] November 25, at Brownstown | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0162.htm 1815] September 8, at Spring Wells - Wyandot [[Image:Chippewa, Chief Obtossaway.jpg|thumb|right|217x248px | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0162.htm 1815] September 8, at Spring Wells - Wyandot [[Image:Chippewa, Chief Obtossaway.jpg|thumb|right|217x248px]] | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0132.htm 1816] August 24, at St. Louis - Ottawa | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0132.htm 1816] August 24, at St. Louis - Ottawa | ||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0145.htm 1817] September 29, on the Miami - Wyandot | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0145.htm 1817] September 29, on the Miami - Wyandot | ||