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'''19th century:'''<br>More contact with the whites increased. By the mid part of the 19th century, the Pembina Chippewa's were at war with the whites. The wars caused heavy Pembina Chippewa casualties. The whites had the revolver, repeating rifle, and machine gun (gatlin gun) by the 1860s. In the late 1860s, the whites who had long been subjugated by the Pembina Chippewa's in the south of Manitoba, rose up and declared their independence. By the mid 1880s the fighting had ended. Reservations were established. Many were also established in northwestern Ontario. | '''19th century:'''<br>More contact with the whites increased. By the mid part of the 19th century, the Pembina Chippewa's were at war with the whites. The wars caused heavy Pembina Chippewa casualties. The whites had the revolver, repeating rifle, and machine gun (gatlin gun) by the 1860s. In the late 1860s, the whites who had long been subjugated by the Pembina Chippewa's in the south of Manitoba, rose up and declared their independence. By the mid 1880s the fighting had ended. Reservations were established. Many were also established in northwestern Ontario. | ||
==== Reservations ==== | ==== Reservations ==== | ||
Cheyenne River-Standing Rock Reservation. | Cheyenne River-Standing Rock Reservation. | ||
Crow Creek-Lower Brule Reservation. | Crow Creek-Lower Brule Reservation. | ||
Fort Berthold Reservation. | Fort Berthold Reservation. | ||
Fort Peck Reservation (Possibly not). | Fort Peck Reservation (Possibly not). | ||
Fort Totten Reservation. | Fort Totten Reservation. | ||
Lake Traverse Reservation. | Lake Traverse Reservation. | ||
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Pine Ridge-Rosebud Reservation. | Pine Ridge-Rosebud Reservation. | ||
Red Lake Reservation. | Red Lake Reservation. | ||
Turtle Mountain Reservation. | Turtle Mountain Reservation. | ||
White Earth Reservation. | White Earth Reservation. | ||
Barren Lands Reserve. | |||
Berens River Reserve. | Berens River Reserve. | ||
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Cross Lake Reserve. | Cross Lake Reserve. | ||
Cumberland House Reserve. | |||
Dakota Plains Reserve. | Dakota Plains Reserve. | ||
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Dauphin River Reserve. | Dauphin River Reserve. | ||
Deer Lake Reserve. | |||
Ebb and Flow Reserve. | Ebb and Flow Reserve. | ||
Fairford (Pinaymootang) Reserve. | Fairford (Pinaymootang) Reserve. | ||
Fisher River Reserve. | |||
Fishing Lake Reserve. | Fishing Lake Reserve. | ||
Gamblers Reserve. | Gamblers Reserve. | ||
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Island Lakes Reserves (Garden Hill, Red Sucker Lake, St. Theresa Point, and Wasagamack). | Island Lakes Reserves (Garden Hill, Red Sucker Lake, St. Theresa Point, and Wasagamack). | ||
James Smith Reserve. | |||
Keeseekoowenin Reserve. | Keeseekoowenin Reserve. | ||
Key Reserve. | Key Reserve. | ||
Kinistin Reserve. | |||
Kinonjeoshtegon (aka Jackhead) Reserve. | Kinonjeoshtegon (aka Jackhead) Reserve. | ||
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Little Saskatchewan Reserve. | Little Saskatchewan Reserve. | ||
Long | Long Plain Reserve. | ||
Marcel Colomb Reserve. | |||
Mathias Colomb Reserve. | |||
Muskoday Reserve. | |||
Nisichawayasihk Reserve. | |||
Northlands Reserve. | |||
Norway House Reserve. | Norway House Reserve. | ||
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Ocean Man Reserve. | Ocean Man Reserve. | ||
O-Pipon-Na-Piwin Reserve. | |||
Opaskweyak Reserve. | |||
Oxford House Reserve. | Oxford House Reserve. | ||
Qu' Appelle Reserve. | |||
Pauingassi Reserve. | Pauingassi Reserve. | ||
Peguis Reserve. | Peguis Reserve. | ||
Peter Ballantyne Reserve. | |||
Pheasant Rump Reserve. | Pheasant Rump Reserve. | ||
Pikangikum Reserve. | |||
Pine Creek Reserve. | Pine Creek Reserve. | ||
Poplar Hill Reserve. | |||
Poplar River Reserve. | Poplar River Reserve. | ||
Red Earth Reserve. | |||
Rolling River Reserve. | Rolling River Reserve. | ||
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Sandy Bay Reserve. | Sandy Bay Reserve. | ||
Sayisi Dene Reserve. | |||
Sioux Valley Reserve. | Sioux Valley Reserve. | ||
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Waywayseecappo Reserve. | Waywayseecappo Reserve. | ||
White Bear Reserve. | White Bear Reserve.<br> | ||
Yellow Quill Reserve. | |||
==== Additional References to the History of the Tribe ==== | ==== Additional References to the History of the Tribe ==== | ||
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