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====Online Records==== | ====Online Records==== | ||
*[http://anom.archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr/caomec2/recherche.php?territoire=ALGERIE IREL French Overseas Civil Registration for Algeria, 1830-1915], index and images | *[http://anom.archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr/caomec2/recherche.php?territoire=ALGERIE IREL French Overseas Civil Registration for Algeria, 1830-1915], index and images | ||
====Algeria Background | ====Algeria Background==== | ||
'''French Colonization of Algeria:''' Under the pretext of a slight to their consul, the French invaded and captured Algiers in 1830. Historian Ben Kiernan wrote on the French conquest of Algeria: "By 1875, the French conquest was complete. The war had killed approximately 825,000 indigenous Algerians since 1830." French losses from 1831 to 1851 were 92,329 dead in the hospital and only 3,336 killed in action." | '''French Colonization of Algeria:''' Under the pretext of a slight to their consul, the French invaded and captured Algiers in 1830. Historian Ben Kiernan wrote on the French conquest of Algeria: "By 1875, the French conquest was complete. The war had killed approximately 825,000 indigenous Algerians since 1830." French losses from 1831 to 1851 were 92,329 dead in the hospital and only 3,336 killed in action." | ||
*From 1848 until independence, France administered the whole Mediterranean region of Algeria as an integral part and département of the nation. One of France's longest-held overseas territories, Algeria became a destination for hundreds of thousands of European immigrants, who became known as colons and later, as Pied-Noirs. '''Between 1825 and 1847, 50,000 French people emigrated to Algeria.''' Many Europeans settled in Oran and Algiers, and by the early 20th century they formed a majority of the population in both cities. | *From 1848 until independence, France administered the whole Mediterranean region of Algeria as an integral part and département of the nation. One of France's longest-held overseas territories, Algeria became a destination for hundreds of thousands of European immigrants, who became known as colons and later, as Pied-Noirs. '''Between 1825 and 1847, 50,000 French people emigrated to Algeria.''' Many Europeans settled in Oran and Algiers, and by the early 20th century they formed a majority of the population in both cities. | ||
*During the late 19th and early 20th century, the European share was almost a fifth of the population. The French government aimed at making Algeria an assimilated part of France, and this included substantial educational investments, especially after 1900. | *During the late 19th and early 20th century, the European share was almost a fifth of the population. The French government aimed at making Algeria an assimilated part of France, and this included substantial educational investments, especially after 1900. | ||
*Gradually, dissatisfaction among the Muslim population, which lacked political and economic status under the colonial system, gave rise to demands for greater political autonomy and eventually independence from France. Tensions between the two population groups came to a head in 1954, when the first violent events of what was later called the Algerian War began. The war against French rule concluded in 1962, when Algeria gained complete independence. <ref>"Algeria", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria#French_colonization_(1830%E2%80%931962), accessed 1 May 2021.</ref> | *Gradually, dissatisfaction among the Muslim population, which lacked political and economic status under the colonial system, gave rise to demands for greater political autonomy and eventually independence from France. Tensions between the two population groups came to a head in 1954, when the first violent events of what was later called the Algerian War began. The war against French rule concluded in 1962, when Algeria gained complete independence. <ref>"Algeria", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria#French_colonization_(1830%E2%80%931962), accessed 1 May 2021.</ref> | ||
=== United States === | === United States === | ||
====United States Online Sources==== | ====United States Online Sources==== | ||