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==History== | |||
*At the time of first European contact and later colonization, '''Algonquian, Iroquois and Inuit''' nations controlled what is now Quebec. | |||
*In 1534, Breton explorer Jacques Cartier planted a cross in the Gaspé Peninsula and claimed the land in the name of France. It was the first province of '''New France'''. | |||
*Initial French attempts at settling the region met with failure. French fishing fleets, however, continued to sail to the Atlantic coast and into the St. Lawrence River, making alliances with First Nations that would become important once France began to occupy the land. | |||
*Samuel de Champlain founded '''Quebec City (Habitation de Québec)''', built as a permanent '''fur trading outpost''', where he would forge a trading, and ultimately a military alliance, with the Algonquin and Huron nations. | |||
*Coureurs des bois, voyageurs and Catholic missionaries established '''fur trading forts''' on the Great Lakes (Étienne Brûlé 1615), Hudson Bay (Radisson and Groseilliers 1659–60), Ohio River and Mississippi River (La Salle 1682), as well as the Saskatchewan River and Missouri River (de la Verendrye 1734–1738). | |||
*After 1627, King Louis XIII of France allowed the '''Company of New France''' to introduced the '''seigneurial system''' and forbade settlement in New France by anyone other than '''Roman Catholics''' (eventually overturned). | |||
*New France became a '''Royal Province in''' 1663. The population grew slowly under French rule, as growth was largely achieved through natural births, rather than by immigration. | |||
*To encourage population growth and to redress the severe imbalance between single men and women, King Louis XIV sponsored the passage of approximately 800 young French women (known as '''les filles du roi''') to the colony. | |||
*At the end of the seven-year in 1763, '''French and Indian War''', France ceded its North American possessions to '''Great Britain''' and renamed Canada as the '''Province of Quebec'''. | |||
*At the end of the American Revolution, '''10,000 Loyalists arrived at Quebec in 1784'''. The swelling numbers of English encouraged them to make greater demands for recognition with the colonial government. Loyalists soon petitioned the government to be allowed to use the British legal system they were used to in the American colonies. The creation of '''Upper (Ontario) and Lower Canada (Quebec) in 1791''' allowed most Loyalists to live under British laws and institutions, while the French-speaking population of Lower Canada could maintain their familiar French civil law and the Catholic religion. <ref>"Quebec", in Wikiedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec, accessed 16 October 2020.</ref> | |||
The following important events affected political boundaries, record keeping, and family movements. | The following important events affected political boundaries, record keeping, and family movements. | ||