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==Description== | |||
The official language of Croatia is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian_language '''Croatian'''] and one of 24 official languages of the European Union since 2013. According to the 2021 Census, 95.25% of citizens of Croatia proclaimed Croatian as their native language.<br> | |||
Minority languages are in official use in local government areas where more than a third of the population includes national minorities or where local legislation mandates their use. They are: <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Demographics of Croatia," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia#Languages, accessed 24 May 2023.</ref> | |||
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_language Czech'''] | |||
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_language Hungarian'''] | |||
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_language Italian'''] | |||
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenian_language Ruthenian'''] | |||
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_language Serbian'''] | |||
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_language Slovak'''] | |||
The following languages are also recognized: <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Demographics of Croatia," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia#Languages, accessed 24 May 2023.</ref> | |||
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_language Albanian'''] | |||
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_language Bosnian'''] | |||
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_language Bulgarian'''] | |||
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language German'''] | |||
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language Hebrew'''] | |||
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonian_language Macedonian'''] | |||
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegrin_language Montenegrin'''] | |||
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_language Polish'''] | |||
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_language Romanian'''] | |||
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_language Romani'''] | |||
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language Russian'''] | |||
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusyn_language Rusyn'''] | |||
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovene_language Slovenian'''] | |||
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_language Turkish'''] | |||
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_language Ukrainian'''] | |||
Croatian replaced '''Latin''' as the official language of the Croatian government in 1847.<br> | |||
The official language was formally designated from 1961 to 1991 as '''Serbo-Croatian or Croato-Serbian'''. During this time, Croats often referred to their language as '''Croato-Serbian''' (instead of Serbo-Croatian) or as '''Croatian'''. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Demographics of Croatia," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia#Languages, accessed 24 May 2023.</ref> | |||
==Word List(s)== | |||
For word lists and help researching in Croatian records, see: | |||
*[[Serbo-Croatian Genealogical Word List]] | |||
*[[German Genealogical Word List]] | |||
*[[Hungarian Genealogical Word List]] | |||
*[[Italian Genealogical Word List]] | |||
*[[Latin Genealogical Word List]] | |||
==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | |||
==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | |||
==Additional Resources== | |||
==References== | |||
The official language of Croatia is Croatian. Most materials used in Croatian research are written in Croatian. You do not need to speak or read Croatian to do research in Croatian records, but you should know some key words and phrases to understand the records. Because the Roman Catholic Church was the predominant religion in Croatia, many records are in Latin. Other languages in Croatian records include Hungarian and Italian. | The official language of Croatia is Croatian. Most materials used in Croatian research are written in Croatian. You do not need to speak or read Croatian to do research in Croatian records, but you should know some key words and phrases to understand the records. Because the Roman Catholic Church was the predominant religion in Croatia, many records are in Latin. Other languages in Croatian records include Hungarian and Italian. | ||
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Glagolitic alphabet was used in Dalmatia until the early 19th century. | Glagolitic alphabet was used in Dalmatia until the early 19th century. | ||
=== Language Characteristics === | === Language Characteristics === | ||
In Croatian, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who-whose-whom or marry-marries- married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In Croatian any word may change, depending on usage. This word list gives the standard form of each Croatian word. As you read Croatian records, you will need to be aware that most words vary with usage. The endings of words in a document will often differ from what you find in this list. | In Croatian, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who-whose-whom or marry-marries- married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In Croatian any word may change, depending on usage. This word list gives the standard form of each Croatian word. As you read Croatian records, you will need to be aware that most words vary with usage. The endings of words in a document will often differ from what you find in this list. | ||
=== Key Words === | === Key Words === | ||
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The Serbo-Croatian language or Croato-Serbian language is a South Slavic diasystem. Serbo-Croatian was standardized as a single language during the era of Yugoslavia, from 1918 to 1991. During this period Serbo-Croatian was one of the three official languages, alongside Macedonian and Slovenian. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the Serbo-Croatian language broke into its constituent parts, with Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian becoming distinctly recognized languages. Currently in Montenegro there is a movement to have Montenegrin recognized as its own language, as well. | The Serbo-Croatian language or Croato-Serbian language is a South Slavic diasystem. Serbo-Croatian was standardized as a single language during the era of Yugoslavia, from 1918 to 1991. During this period Serbo-Croatian was one of the three official languages, alongside Macedonian and Slovenian. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the Serbo-Croatian language broke into its constituent parts, with Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian becoming distinctly recognized languages. Currently in Montenegro there is a movement to have Montenegrin recognized as its own language, as well. | ||
'''Languages of the Records''' | |||
The language of the records is mostly Latin, Croatian, Hungarian, or Italian. Glagolitic and Cyrillic as well as Roman script occur in the records. | The language of the records is mostly Latin, Croatian, Hungarian, or Italian. Glagolitic and Cyrillic as well as Roman script occur in the records. | ||
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*'''Italian''': language common to the 1600-1800. Roman Catholic parish registers for Dalmatia and Istria. | *'''Italian''': language common to the 1600-1800. Roman Catholic parish registers for Dalmatia and Istria. | ||
*'''Slovene''': language of Slovenia, closely allied with Serbo-Croatian. | *'''Slovene''': language of Slovenia, closely allied with Serbo-Croatian. | ||
=== Websites === | === Websites === | ||