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*[https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/archives/collections-and-research/guides-and-indexes/community-access-points-0 '''Community Access Points'''] A list of libraries and archives which hold microcopies of the Archive Resource Kit records<br> A list of libraries and archives which hold microcopies of the Archive Resource Kit records<br> | *[https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/archives/collections-and-research/guides-and-indexes/community-access-points-0 '''Community Access Points'''] A list of libraries and archives which hold microcopies of the Archive Resource Kit records<br> A list of libraries and archives which hold microcopies of the Archive Resource Kit records<br> | ||
"The ARK is held by 40 community access points across NSW. The majority of access points are libraries. The ARK consists of microfilm copies of our most popular and heavily used colonial records. Included are records relating to '''convict arrivals, assisted immigrants, births, deaths and marriages, publicans' licences, electoral rolls, naturalisation, returns of the colony ('Blue Books'), land grants, and the wide range of functions of the Colonial Secretary (1788-1825)'''. You may find that the ARK (or parts of it) are held at a library near you." <ref>"Archive Resource Kit," New South Wales State Archives and Records, https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/archives/collections-and-research/guides-and-indexes/archives-resources-kit-ark, accessed 3 March 2022.</ref> | "The ARK is held by 40 community access points across NSW. The majority of access points are libraries. The ARK consists of microfilm copies of our most popular and heavily used colonial records. Included are records relating to '''convict arrivals, assisted immigrants, births, deaths and marriages, publicans' licences, electoral rolls, naturalisation, returns of the colony ('Blue Books'), land grants, and the wide range of functions of the Colonial Secretary (1788-1825)'''. You may find that the ARK (or parts of it) are held at a library near you." <ref>"Archive Resource Kit," New South Wales State Archives and Records, https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/archives/collections-and-research/guides-and-indexes/archives-resources-kit-ark, accessed 3 March 2022.</ref> | ||
==Historical Background== | |||
*The British Government began transporting convicts overseas to American colonies in the early 18th century. When transportation ended with the start of the American Revolution, an alternative site was needed to relieve further overcrowding of British prisons and hulks. | |||
*Between 1788 and 1868, about 162,000 convicts were transported from Britain and Ireland to various penal colonies in Australia. | |||
*Penal transportation to Australia peaked in the 1830s and dropped off significantly in the following decade, as protests against the convict system intensified throughout the colonies. | |||
*The transportation of convicts to New South Wales (including Victoria) ended in 1840. | |||
*The majority of convicts were transported for petty crimes. More serious crimes, such as rape and murder, became transportable offences in the 1830s, but since they were also punishable by death, comparatively few convicts were transported for such crimes. | |||
*Approximately 1 in 7 convicts were women, while political prisoners, another minority group, comprise many of the best-known convicts. | |||
*Once emancipated, most ex-convicts stayed in Australia and joined the free settlers, with some rising to prominent positions in Australian society.<ref>"Convicts in Australia", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convicts_in_Australia, accessed 3 March 2022.</ref><ref>"New South Wales,", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales, accessed 3 March 2022.</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
{{Place|Australia}} | {{Place|Australia}} | ||
[[Category:Victoria, Australia]] | [[Category:Victoria, Australia]] | ||