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Turkmenistan Emigration and Immigration (view source)
Revision as of 19:04, 1 August 2021
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*In 1924, the '''Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic''' was formed. In 1990, the Supreme Soviet of Turkmenistan declared sovereignty as a nationalist response to perceived exploitation by Moscow. On 26 December 1991, the Soviet Union ceased to exist. | *In 1924, the '''Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic''' was formed. In 1990, the Supreme Soviet of Turkmenistan declared sovereignty as a nationalist response to perceived exploitation by Moscow. On 26 December 1991, the Soviet Union ceased to exist. | ||
*Available figures indicate that most of Turkmenistan's citizens are '''ethnic Turkmens with sizeable minorities of Uzbeks and Russians'''. Smaller minorities include '''Kazakhs, Tatars, Ukrainians, Kurds (native to the Kopet Dagh mountains), Armenians, Azeris, Balochs and Pashtuns.''' | *Available figures indicate that most of Turkmenistan's citizens are '''ethnic Turkmens with sizeable minorities of Uzbeks and Russians'''. Smaller minorities include '''Kazakhs, Tatars, Ukrainians, Kurds (native to the Kopet Dagh mountains), Armenians, Azeris, Balochs and Pashtuns.''' | ||
*he CIA World Factbook estimated the ethnic composition of Turkmenistan in 2003 as '''85% Turkmen, 5% Uzbek, 4% Russian and 6% other.'''<ref name="turk">"Turkmenistan", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan, accessed 1 August 2021.</ref | *he CIA World Factbook estimated the ethnic composition of Turkmenistan in 2003 as '''85% Turkmen, 5% Uzbek, 4% Russian and 6% other.'''<ref name="turk">"Turkmenistan", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan, accessed 1 August 2021.</ref> | ||
==Emigration From Turkmenistan== | ==Emigration From Turkmenistan== | ||
*Based on data from receiving countries, MeteoZhurnal estimated that at least 102,346 Turkmenistani citizens emigrated abroad in 2019, '''78% of them to Turkey,''' and 24,206 apparently returned home, for net migration of 77,014. | *Based on data from receiving countries, MeteoZhurnal estimated that at least 102,346 Turkmenistani citizens emigrated abroad in 2019, '''78% of them to Turkey,''' and 24,206 apparently returned home, for net migration of 77,014. | ||
*According to leaked results of a 2018 survey, between 2008 and 2018 1,879,413 Turkmenistani citizens emigrated permanently out of an estimated base population of 5.4 million.< | *According to leaked results of a 2018 survey, between 2008 and 2018 1,879,413 Turkmenistani citizens emigrated permanently out of an estimated base population of 5.4 million.<ref name="turk"/> | ||
'''KNOMAD Statistics:''' Emigrants: 249,500. Top destination countries: '''the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Germany, Belarus, Turkey, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Kazakhstan, Israel, Azerbaijan.''' <ref>"Turkmenistan", at KNOMAD, the Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development, https://www.knomad.org/data/migration/emigration?page=24, accessed 1 August 2021.</ref> | '''KNOMAD Statistics:''' Emigrants: 249,500. Top destination countries: '''the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Germany, Belarus, Turkey, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Kazakhstan, Israel, Azerbaijan.''' <ref>"Turkmenistan", at KNOMAD, the Global Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development, https://www.knomad.org/data/migration/emigration?page=24, accessed 1 August 2021.</ref> | ||