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This capsule of history provides an outline of the changing boundaries and policies that were all part of the growth of Québec. As each different nationality vied for power and control, the laws of the land were adjusted accordingly. This will aid you in determining what records were created and why. This should enable you to plan your strategy and to be able to understand when and how people arrived and settled in Québec. | This capsule of history provides an outline of the changing boundaries and policies that were all part of the growth of Québec. As each different nationality vied for power and control, the laws of the land were adjusted accordingly. This will aid you in determining what records were created and why. This should enable you to plan your strategy and to be able to understand when and how people arrived and settled in Québec. | ||
== The Seigneuries<br> == | |||
In common with much of New France (La Nouvelle-France), the territory known today as the province of Quebec (Le Québec) was first organized politically along feudal lines. Beginning in 1604, scores of concessions of land, known as seigneuries, were granted by the government to proprietors known as seigneurs. The potential for the creation of new seigneuries effectively ended in Quebec in 1763, with the English conquest, but the system remained intact, with modifications, for decades afterward. | |||
A [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_seigneuries_de_la_Nouvelle-France list of all of the seigneuries of New France], with the dates of their foundation is found at [http://www.Wikipedia.fr Wikipedia.fr]. A [http://www.memoireduquebec.com/wiki/index.php?title=Liste_des_seigneuries_%28seigneurie%29 list of the seigneuries of Quebec] is found at [http://www.Memoireduquebec.com memoireduquebec.com]. A [http://www.memoireduquebec.com/wiki/images/3/39/MdQCarte_des_seigneuries.jpg map of the seigneuries of Quebec], made by A. E. B. Courchesne in 1923, accompanies the list. Most seigneuries had a frontage of several miles along the Saint Lawrence river and estuary (Le fleuve Saint Laurent), or along a major river, although some seigneuries surrounded large lakes.<br> | |||
Eventually the county system introduced by the English supplanted the seigneuries for most purposes of interest to the family history researcher, but the seigneuries figure importantly in early records. Early baptismal records often refer to a newborn child's residence using the name of a seigneurie rather than a city or town. | |||
=== Seigneurial Records === | === Seigneurial Records === | ||
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'''''Aveux and dénombrements''''' for the Saint Lawrence River Valley are transcribed in: | '''''Aveux and dénombrements''''' for the Saint Lawrence River Valley are transcribed in: | ||
Mathieu, Jacques, and Alain Laberge. ''L'Occupation des terres dans la vallée du Saint-Laurent: aveux et dénombrements, 1723–1745'' ''(Occupation of the St. Lawrence River Valley: Oaths of Allegiance and Censuses, 1723–1745).'' Sillery, Québec, Canada: Éditions du Septentrion, 1991. (Family History Library {{FHL|507083|title-id|disp=book 971.4 R2m}}.) Text in French. Describes each seigneury, lists its farms, and gives the names of the habitants. Has information on approximately 7,400 farms (more than 98 percent of the seigneury farms in Québec during the French régime). Includes indexes of the names of the seigneurs and habitants. | Mathieu, Jacques, and Alain Laberge. ''L'Occupation des terres dans la vallée du Saint-Laurent: aveux et dénombrements, 1723–1745'' ''(Occupation of the St. Lawrence River Valley: Oaths of Allegiance and Censuses, 1723–1745).'' Sillery, Québec, Canada: Éditions du Septentrion, 1991. (Family History Library {{FHL|507083|title-id|disp=book 971.4 R2m}}.) Text in French. Describes each seigneury, lists its farms, and gives the names of the habitants. Has information on approximately 7,400 farms (more than 98 percent of the seigneury farms in Québec during the French régime). Includes indexes of the names of the seigneurs and habitants. | ||
=== Notarial Records === | === Notarial Records === | ||