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To learn how to get started with American Indian research, find research facilities, and American Indian websites [[American Indian Genealogy|click here]].<br>
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== Tribes and Bands of Washington  ==
<div id="fsButtons"><span class="online_records_button">[[Native American Online Genealogy Records]]</span></div>


Many tribes and bands of Indians have historically resided in the Pacific Northwest. Many of them signed treaties with the United States government and ceded claims to land. A maps of some of these land cessions is [http://www.goia.wa.gov/tribal_gov/documents/Tribal_Cedres.pdf available online]. The following list of American Indians who have lived in Washington has been compiled from Hodge's ''Handbook of American Indians...''<ref>Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/handbook_american_indians.htm Available online].</ref> and from Swanton's ''The Indian Tribes of North America''<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/washington/index.htm Available online].</ref>. Some may simply be variant spellings for the same tribe. A map of the current Federally-Recognized Tribes of Washington State is [http://www.goia.wa.gov/tribal_gov/documents/WAStateTribalMap.pdf available online].  
Learn about the tribes and bands, state recognized tribes, agencies, records and reservations of the indigenous people of Washington.  


'''Tribes:''' Chathlamet, Cathlapotle, [[Cayuse Indians|Cayuse]], [[Chehalis Indians|Chehalis]], Chelan, Chilluckittequaw, Chinook, Clackamas,&nbsp;[[Clallam Indians|Clallam]],&nbsp;Clallum, Columbia, [[Coeur d'Alene Indians|Coeur d'Alene]],&nbsp; [[Colville Indians|Colville]], Copalis, [[Cowlitz Indians|Cowlitz]], Duwamish, [[Hoh Indians|Hoh]], Humptulip, [[Kalispel Indians|Kalispel]], Klickitat, Kwaiailk,Kwalhioqua,&nbsp;&nbsp; [[Lummi Indians|Lummi]], [[Makah Indians|Makah]], Methow, Mical, [[Muckleshoot Indians|Muckleshoot]], Neketemeuk, Nespelem, Nez Perce, [[Nisqualli Indians|Nisqually]], [[Nooksack Indians|Nooksack]], Ntlayapamuk, Okanagon, [[Ozette Indians|Ozette]], Palouse, Pshwanwapam, [[Puyallup Indians|Puyallup]], Queets or Quitso, [[Quileute Indians|Quileute]], [[Quinault Indians|Quinault]], Sahehwamish, Salish, [[Samish Indians|Samish]], [[Sanpoil Indians|Sanpoil]], Satsop, Semiahmoo, Senijextee, [[Shoalwater Bay Indians|Shoalwater Bay]], Sinkaietk, Sinkakaius, Skagit, Sinkiuse-Columbia, Skilloot, Skin, [[Snohomish Indians|Snohomish]], [[Snoqualmie Indians|Snoqualmie]], [[Spokane Indians|Spokane]], [[Squaxin Island Indians|Squaxin]] or Squakson, [[Suquamish Indians|Suquamish]], [http://www.stillaguamish.com/cgi-bin/stilweb.exe/getpage?sid=&pid=37 Stillaguamish], [[Swinomish Indians|Swinomish]], Taidnapam, [[Tulalip Indians|Tulalip]], Twana, [[Upper Skagit Indians|Upper Skagit]], [[Walla Walla Indians|Walla Walla]], Wanapam, Watlala, Wauyukma, Wenatchee, Wishram, Wynoochee, [[Yakama Indians|Yakama]]
To learn how to get started with Native American research, find research facilities, and Native American websites [[American Indian Genealogy|click here]]. __TOC__


'''Confederated Tribes:''' Colville, Okanagan, Lakees, San Poil, Methow, Nespelem, Entiat, Wenatchee, Moses, Nez Perce, Palouse
=== Tribes and Bands of Washington  ===


== Reservations  ==
Many tribes and bands of indigenous people have historically resided in the Pacific Northwest. Many of them signed treaties with the United States government and ceded claims to land. A maps of some of these land cessions is [http://www.goia.wa.gov/tribal_gov/documents/Tribal_Cedres.pdf available online]. The following list of American Indians who have lived in Washington has been compiled from Hodge's ''Handbook of American Indians...''<ref>Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. [https://archive.org/details/handbookamindians02hodgrich Available online].</ref> and from Swanton's ''The Indian Tribes of North America''<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/washington/index.htm Available online].</ref>. Some may simply be variant spellings for the same tribe. A map of the current Federally-Recognized Tribes of Washington State is [http://www.goia.wa.gov/tribal_gov/documents/WAStateTribalMap.pdf available online].


Many of the reservations in Washington are small, with one [[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|agency]] of the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] having responsibilities for the tribes residing on several reservations. Most of the records kept by the federal government about the tribes will be found in the appropriate agency.  
'''Tribes:''' [http://books.google.com/books?id=-7zBc-pqnGsC&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=cathlamet+indians&source=bl&ots=wcMRXBSuFe&sig=CqHBm-TN60Na4qYqx1SxPJjpJXo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=vKwjUdv1K8eGyAGR9YDoBA&sqi=2&ved=0CEAQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=cathlamet%20indians&f=false Chathlamet], [http://books.google.com/books?id=-7zBc-pqnGsC&pg=PA13&dq=Cathlapotle+Indians&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Za0jUaqxEIWCyQH5iYC4BA&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Cathlapotle%20Indians&f=false Cathlapotle], [[Cayuse Indians|Cayuse]], [[Chehalis Indians|Chehalis]], [http://books.google.com/books?id=-7zBc-pqnGsC&pg=PA18&dq=Chelan+Indians&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1K0jUeayDebgyQH7w4GgBA&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Chelan%20Indians&f=false Chelan,] [http://books.google.com/books?id=-7zBc-pqnGsC&pg=PA21&dq=Chilluckittequaw+Indians&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rK4jUYDGEceGyAGR9YDoBA&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Chilluckittequaw%20Indians&f=false Chilluckittequaw,] [http://books.google.com/books?id=HuCjdhf_hMIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Chinook,++Indians&hl=en&sa=X&ei=A68jUYClCIfrygHwioGIBQ&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Chinook%2C%20%20Indians&f=false Chinook,] [http://books.google.com/books?id=-7zBc-pqnGsC&pg=PA26&dq=Clackamas,++Indians&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WK8jUfX-FZHUyQHA_YCIBQ&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Clackamas%2C%20%20Indians&f=false '''Clackamas'''],[[Clallam Indians|Clallam]],[[Clallam Indians|Clallum]], Columbia, [[Coeur d'Alene Indians|Coeur d'Alene]],  [[Colville Indians|Colville]], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/copalis-indians.htm Copalis], [[Cowlitz Indians|Cowlitz]], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/duwamish-tribe.htm Duwamish], [[Hoh Indians|Hoh]], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/humptulip-indians.htm Humptulip], [[Kalispel Indians|Kalispel]], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/klikitat-tribe.htm Klickitat], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/kwaiailk-indians.htm Kwaiailk], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/kwalhioqua-tribe.htm Kwalhioqua],  [[Lummi Indians|Lummi]], [[Makah Indians|Makah]],[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/methow-tribe.htm Methow], Mical, [[Muckleshoot Indians|Muckleshoot]], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/washington-indian-tribes.htm Neketemeuk], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/washington-indian-tribes.htm Nespelem], [[Nez Perce Indians|Nez Perce]], [[Nisqualli Indians|Nisqually]], [[Nooksack Indians|Nooksack]], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/ntlakyapamuk-tribe.htm Ntlayapamuk], Okanagon, [[Ozette Indians|Ozette]],[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/palouse-indians.htm Palouse], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/washington-indian-tribes.htm Pshwanwapam], [[Puyallup Indians|Puyallup]], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/queets-indians.htm Queets] or Quitso, [[Quileute Indians|Quileute]], [[Quinault Indians|Quinault]],[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/sahehwamish-indians.htm Sahehwamish], [[Salish Indians|Salish]], [[Samish Indians|Samish]], [[Sanpoil Indians|Sanpoil]], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/satsop-tribe.htm Satsop], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/methow-tribe.htm Semiahmoo], [http://www.canadiangenealogy.net/indians/senijextee_shuswap_indians.htm Senijextee], [[Shoalwater Bay Indians|Shoalwater Bay]], Sinkaietk, Sinkakaius,[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/skagit-tribe.htm Skagit],[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/sinkiuse-sinkyone-tribe.htm Sinkiuse-Columbia], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/skilloot-tribe.htm Skilloot], Skin, [[Snohomish Indians|Snohomish]], [[Snoqualmie Indians|Snoqualmie]], [[Spokane Indians|Spokane]], [[Squaxin Island Indians|Squaxin]] or Squakson, [[Suquamish Indians|Suquamish]], [http://stillaguamish.nonprofitsites.com/ Stillaguam][http://stillaguamish.nonprofitsites.com/ ish], [[Swinomish Indians|Swinomish]],[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/washington-indian-tribes.htm Taidnapam], [[Tulalip Indians|Tulalip]], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/twana-tribe.htm Twana], [[Upper Skagit Indians|Upper Skagit]], [[Walla Walla Indians|Walla Walla]], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/wanapam-indians.htm Wanapam], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/watlala-tribe.htm Watlala], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/washington-indian-tribes.htm Wauyukma], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/wenatchee-tribe.htm Wenatchee], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/wishram-indians.htm Wishram], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indian-tribes-of-the-united-states.htm Wynoochee], [[Yakama Indians|Yakama]]


From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.
'''Confederated Tribes:''' [[Colville Indians|Colville]], [[Okanagan Indians|Okanagan]], Lakees, San Poil, Methow, Nespelem, Entiat, Wenatchee, Moses, [[Nez Perce Indians|Nez Perce]], and Palouse


Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.
Indian Tribes of Washington Territory. by George Gibbs. {{FSC|194279|item|disp+ FS Library book 970.1 G355i}} [http://www.worldcat.org/title/indian-tribes-of-washington-territory/oclc/4804051 WorldCat]


The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.
Indians in Washington:Indian Tribes and Reservations in Washington. by Victor A. Meyers. {{FSC|624672|item|disp= FS Library book 907.1 M576i}} [http://www.worldcat.org/title/indians-in-washington-indian-tribes-and-reservations-in-washington/oclc/317438459 WorldCat]


For a current reservation map -&nbsp;[http://nationalatlas.gov/printable/printableViewer.htm?imgF=images/preview/fedlands/WA.gif&imgW=588&imgH=450 Washington - Indian Reservations ]- The National Atlas of the United States of America. Federal Lands and Indian Reservations. by the U.S. Department of Interior and U.S. Geological Survey.
=== Washington State Recognized Tribes  ===


The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/wa.pdf Available online.]</ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.</ref>, and other sources. Other reservations have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government.<br>
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinook_people Chinook Tribe] of Oregon and Washington, Inc. (also known as Chinook Nation)


*[[Chehalis Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Chehalis Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]], Tribes: Chehalis
=== Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs  ===
*[[Colville Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Colville Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Colville Indian Agency (Washington)|Colville Agency]], Tribes: Confederated Tribes
*[[Hoh Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Hoh''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]], Tribe: Hoh
*Jamestown Reservation
*[[Kalispel Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Kalispel Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Spokane Indian Agency (Washington)|Spokane Agency]], Tribe: Kalispel
*[[Lower Elwha Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Lower Elwha Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the&nbsp;jurisdiction of [[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]], Tribe: Clallam
*[[Lummi Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Lummi Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Puget Sound Indian Agency (Washington)|Puget Sound Agency]], Tribes: Lummi and Nooksack
*[[Makah Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Makah Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the juisdiction of [[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]], Tribe: Makah
*[[Muckleshoot Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Muckleshoot Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Puget Sound Indian Agency (Washington)|Puget Sound Agency]], Tribe: Muckleshoot
*[[Nez Perce Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Nez Perce Reservation]] -- Part of this reservation historically was in Washington. See [[Indians of Idaho|Indians of Idaho]] for additional information.
*[[Nisqually Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Nisqually Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Puget Sound Indian Agency (Washington)|Puget Sound Agency]], Tribe Nisqually
*Nooksack Reservation
*'''[[Ozette Indian Reservation (Washington)|Ozette Reservation]]''' -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]],&nbsp; Tribe: Ozette&nbsp;
*[[Port Gamble Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Port Gamble Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Puget Sound Indian Agency (Washington)|Puget Sound Agency]], Tribe: Clallam
*[[Port Madison Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Port Madison Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Puget Sound Indian Agency (Washington)|Puget Sound Agency]], Tribe: Suquamish
*[[Puyallup Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Puyallup Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Puget Sound Indian Agency (Washington)|Puget Sound Agency]], Tribe Puyallup
*[[Quileute Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Quileute Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]], Tribe: Quileute
*[[Quinault Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Quinault Reservation''']] -- Federal. under the jurisdiction of [[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]], Tribe: Quinault
*Sauk-Suiattle Reservation -- State, under the jurisdiction of [[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]], Tribe:
*[[Shoalwater Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Shoalwater Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]], Tribes: Quinault, Chinook, and Chehalis
*[[Skokomish Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Skokomish Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]], Tribe: Skokomish
*[[Spokane Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Spokane Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Spokane Indian Agency (Washington)|Spokane Agency]], Tribe: Spokane
*[[Squaxin Island Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Squaxin Island Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]], Tribe: Squaxin Island
*Stillaguamish Reservation --&nbsp;State, under the jurisdiction of [[Puget Sound Indian Agency (Washington)|Puget Sound Agency]], Tribe:_____
*[[Swinomish Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Swinomish Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Puget Sound Indian Agency (Washington)|Puget Sound Agency]], Tribe: Swinomish
*[[Tulalip Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Tulalip Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Puget Sound Indian Agency (Washington)|Puget Sound Agency]], Tribe: Snohomish
*[[Yakama Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Yakama Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Yakima Indian Agency (Washington)|Yakima Agency]], Tribe Fourteen Confederated Tribes from the Yakima Nation
 
== Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs  ==


[[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|Agencies]] and subagencies were created as administrative offices of the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices.  
[[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|Agencies]] and sub-agencies were created as administrative offices of the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices.  


The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Washington has been compiled from Hill's ''Office of Indian Affairs...''<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (Family History Library {{FHL|247426|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551o}}.)</ref>, Hill's ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians''<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FHL {{FHL|207428|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551g}}.)</ref>, and others.  
The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Washington has been compiled from Hill's ''Office of Indian Affairs...''<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. {{FSC|247426|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H551o}}</ref>, Hill's ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians''<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. {{FSC|207428|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H551g}}</ref>, and others.  


*[[Columbia River Indian Agency (Washington)|Columbia River Agency]]  
*[[Columbia River Indian Agency (Washington)|Columbia River Agency]]  
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*[[Cushman Indian Agency (Washington)|Cushman Agency]]  
*[[Cushman Indian Agency (Washington)|Cushman Agency]]  
*[[Flathead Indian Agency (Montana)|Flathead Agency]]  
*[[Flathead Indian Agency (Montana)|Flathead Agency]]  
*[[Eastern District Indian Agency (Montana)|Eastern District Agency ]]<br>
*[[Eastern District Indian Agency (Montana)|Eastern District Agency ]]<br>  
*[[Makah Indian Agency (Washington)|Makah Agency]]  
*[[Makah Indian Agency (Washington)|Makah Agency]]  
*[[Neah Bay Indian Agency (Washington)|Neah Bay Agency]]  
*[[Neah Bay Indian Agency (Washington)|Neah Bay Agency]]  
*[[Nisqually Indian Agency (Washington)|Nisqually Agency]]  
*[[Nisqually Indian Agency (Washington)|Nisqually Agency]]  
*[[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]], P.O.Box 120, Office Building Hoquiam, WA, 98550<br>
*[[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]], P.O.Box 120, Office Building Hoquiam, WA, 98550<br>  
*[[Nez Perce Indian Agency (Idaho)|Nez Perce]] (Washington East of the Cascades) Agency<br>
*[[Nez Perce Indian Agency (Idaho)|Nez Perce]] (Washington East of the Cascades) Agency<br>  
*[[Puget Sound Indian Agency (Washington)|Puget Sound Agency]], 3006 Colby St., Federal Bldg, Everett, Wa, 98201  
*[[Puget Sound Indian Agency (Washington)|Puget Sound Agency]], 3006 Colby St., Federal Bldg, Everett, Wa, 98201  
*[[Puyallup Indian Agency (Washington)|Puyallup Agency]]  
*[[Puyallup Indian Agency (Washington)|Puyallup Agency]]  
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*[[Swinomish Indian Agency (Washington)|Swinomish Agency]]  
*[[Swinomish Indian Agency (Washington)|Swinomish Agency]]  
*[[Taholah Indian Agency (Washington)|Taholah Agency]]  
*[[Taholah Indian Agency (Washington)|Taholah Agency]]  
*[[Tulalip Indian Agency (Washington)|Tulalip Agency]]<br>
*[[Tulalip Indian Agency (Washington)|Tulalip Agency]]<br>  
*[[Western Washington Indian Agency (Washington)|Western Washington Agency]]  
*[[Western Washington Indian Agency (Washington)|Western Washington Agency]]  
*[[Washington East of the Cascades Indian Agency|Washington East of the Cascades Agency]]  
*[[Washington East of the Cascades Indian Agency|Washington East of the Cascades Agency]]  
*[[Yakima Indian Agency (Washington)|Yakima Agency]], P.O. Box 632, Toppenish, WA 98948
*[[Yakima Indian Agency (Washington)|Yakima Agency]], P.O. Box 632, Toppenish, WA 98948


=== Enrollment and Allotment Reocrds ===
=== Records  ===
 
The '''majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies'''. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:<br>
 
*[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment records]]
*[[American Indian Annuity Rolls|Annuity rolls]]
*[[American Indian Census Rolls|Census records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Correspondence]]
*[[American Indian Health Records|Health records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Reports]]
*[[American Indian School Records|School census and records]]
*[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital records]]
 
===Allotment Records===
 
Allotted Tribes of Washington
 
•Chehalis, Columbia, Colville Reservation, Kalispel Reservation, Klickitat, Lummi, Makah, Muckleshoot, Nisqually, Port Madison, Puyallup, Quileute, Quinault, Skokomish Reservation, Spokane, Squaxin Reservation, Swinomish, Snohomish (Tulalip) Yakima
•Colville
=== Enrollment Records ===
 
[[American Indian Enrollment Records|Enrollment Records]]


Application for Enrollment and Allotment of Washington Indians, 1911-1919. M1343. 6 rolls FHL Film: 1605469&nbsp; (first film of 6)  
*'''1911-1919''' {{RecordSearch|2300675|Washington, Applications for Enrollment and Adoption of Washington Indians, 1911-1919}} at FamilySearch - [[Washington, Applications for Enrollment and Adoption of Washington Indians - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index and images; ''also at'' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2403 Ancestry.com] ($), index and images
:Additional images. United States Office of Indiana Affairs, ''Application for Enrollment and Allotment of Washington Indians, 1911-1919.'' M1343. {{FSC|362386|item|disp=FS Library films 1605469 (first of 6)}} +++
*Roll of Certain tribes in Oregon and Washington. by Charles E. McChesney and Glen Cameron Adams. Fairfield, Washington: Ye Galleon Press, c. 1969. {{FSC|174136|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 RR659}} [https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/174136 WorldCat]


== Indian Schools  ==
=== Indian Schools  ===


The Office of Indian Affairs (now the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]]) established a network of schools throughout the United States, beginning with Carlisle Indian School, established in 1879. Some of these schools were day schools, usually focusing on Indian children of a single tribe or reservation. Some were boarding schools which served Indian children from a number of tribes and reservations.  
The Office of Indian Affairs (now the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]]) established a network of schools throughout the United States, beginning with Carlisle Indian School, established in 1879. Some of these schools were day schools, usually focusing on Indian children of a single tribe or reservation. Some were boarding schools which served Indian children from a number of tribes and reservations.  
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In addition, other groups such as various church denominations established schools specifically focusing on American Indian children. ([[American Indian School Records|read more...]])  
In addition, other groups such as various church denominations established schools specifically focusing on American Indian children. ([[American Indian School Records|read more...]])  


The following list of Indian Schools in Washington has been compiled from Hill's Office of Indian Affairs...<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (Family History Library {{FHL|247426|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551o}}.)</ref>, Hill's Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FHL {{FHL|207428|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551g}}.)</ref>, and others.  
The following list of Indian Schools in Washington has been compiled from Hill's Office of Indian Affairs...<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. {{FSC|247426|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H551o}}</ref>, Hill's Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. {{FSC|207428|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H551g}}</ref>, and others.  


*[[Cushman Indian School (Washington)|Cushman School]]  
*[[Cushman Indian School (Washington)|Cushman School]]  
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*[[Taholah Indian School (Washington)|Taholah School]]
*[[Taholah Indian School (Washington)|Taholah School]]


== Indian Health Facilities  ==
=== Indian Health Facilities  ===


*[[Tacoma Hospital (Washington)|Tacoma Hospital]]
*[[Tacoma Hospital (Washington)|Tacoma Hospital]]


== Family History Library  ==
=== FamilySearch Library  ===
 
*A wealth of genealogical information is available for the various Indian tribes in [[Washington, United States Genealogy|Washington]]. Besides published histories, the FamilySearch Library has microfilm copies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) records of births, marriages, deaths, censuses, schools, land allotments, heirships, and family records. They are available from about 1887 to 1952 from agencies such as the Colville, Puyallup, Taholah, Tulalip, and Yakama. The original documents are at the [http://www.archives.gov/pacific-alaska/seattle/ National Archives—Pacific Northwest Region (Seattle).]
 
See also the FamilySearch Catalog for over 300 titles [https://familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlehitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&keyword=Washington+Native+Races&prekeyword=Washington+Native+Races Washington Native Races]


A wealth of genealogical information is available for the various Indian tribes in [[Washington]]. Besides published histories, the Family History Library has microfilm copies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) records of births, marriages, deaths, censuses, schools, land allotments, heirships, and family records. They are available from about 1887 to 1952 from agencies such as the Colville, Puyallup, Taholah, Tulalip, and Yakama. The original documents are at the National Archives—Pacific Northwest Region (Seattle).
*An especially useful source is the collection, ''Family Index Cards, 1938-1950'', created by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Portland Area Office {{FSC|129295|item|disp=FS Library films 1028470 item 4 to 1028471}}


An especially useful source is the collection, ''Family Index Cards, 1938-1950'', created by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Portland Area Office ({{FHL|129295|title-id|disp=Family History Library films 1028470 item 4 to 1028471}}).  
*Records of Native Americans are also listed in the Subject section of the '''FamilySearch Catalog '''under the names of the agency or tribe. Some of these tribes are the Nez Perce, Yakama, and Chinook.


Records of American Indians are also listed in the Subject section of the '''Family History Library Catalog '''under the names of the agency or tribe. Some of these tribes are the Nez Perce, Yakama, and Chinook.  
*Washington Superintendency records {{FSC|403591|item|disp=FS Library films 1637277 (first of 26)}}
*Portland Area Office - Census Information 1877-1952.  
**Census information 1888-1952 FS Library film 1028458 Item 2
**Census information 1877-1946 FS Library film 1028459 Item 1


*Washington Superintendency records (on {{FHL|403591|title-id|disp=26 Family History Library films beginning with 1637277}}.)
*Jesuits records 1853-1960 {{FSC|501251|item|disp=FS Library films 1671639 (first of 34)}}
*Jesuits records 1853-1960 ( on {{FHL|501251|title-id|disp=34 films Family History Library beginning with 1671639}} .)


== See Also:  ==
=== Reservations  ===
 
Many of the reservations in Washington are small, with one [[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|agency]] of the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] having responsibilities for the tribes residing on several reservations. Most of the records kept by the federal government about the tribes will be found in the appropriate agency.
 
From the mid-1800's, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.
 
Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.
 
The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.
 
For a current reservation map -[https://nationalmap.gov/small_scale/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/WA.pdf Washington - Indian Reservations ]- The National Atlas of the United States of America. Federal Lands and Indian Reservations. by the U.S. Department of Interior and U.S. Geological Survey.
 
The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [https://nationalmap.gov/small_scale/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/fedlands3.pdf Available online.]</ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.</ref>, and other sources. Other reservations have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government.<br>
 
*[[Chehalis Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Chehalis Reservation''']] -- (Grays Harbor and Thurston Counties, Washington)Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]], Tribes: Chehalis
*Columbia Reservation--Established: April 19, 1879. Allotted Land 25,172 acres Tribe: Moses's Band (Sinkiuse)
*[[Colville Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Colville Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Colville Indian Agency (Washington)|Colville Agency]], Tribes: Confederated Tribes
*[[Hoh Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Hoh''']] -- (Jefferson County, Washington) Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]], Tribe: Hoh
*Jamestown Reservation
*[[Kalispel Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Kalispel Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Spokane Indian Agency (Washington)|Spokane Agency]], Tribe: Kalispel
*[[Lower Elwha Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Lower Elwha Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]], Tribe: Clallam
*[[Lummi Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Lummi Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Puget Sound Indian Agency (Washington)|Puget Sound Agency]], Tribes: Lummi and Nooksack
*[[Makah Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Makah Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the juisdiction of [[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]], Tribe: Makah
*[[Muckleshoot Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Muckleshoot Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Puget Sound Indian Agency (Washington)|Puget Sound Agency]], Tribe: Muckleshoot
*[[Nez Perce Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Nez Perce Reservation]] -- Part of this reservation historically was in Washington. See [[Indians of Idaho|Indians of Idaho]] for additional information.
*[[Nisqually Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Nisqually Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Puget Sound Indian Agency (Washington)|Puget Sound Agency]], Tribe Nisqually
*Nooksack Reservation
*'''[[Ozette Indian Reservation (Washington)|Ozette Reservation]]''' -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]],  Tribe: Ozette  
*[[Port Gamble Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Port Gamble Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Puget Sound Indian Agency (Washington)|Puget Sound Agency]], Tribe: Clallam
*[[Port Madison Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Port Madison Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Puget Sound Indian Agency (Washington)|Puget Sound Agency]], Tribe: Suquamish
*[[Puyallup Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Puyallup Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Puget Sound Indian Agency (Washington)|Puget Sound Agency]], Tribe Puyallup
*[[Quileute Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Quileute Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]], Tribe: Quileute
*[[Quinault Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Quinault Reservation''']] -- Federal. under the jurisdiction of [[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]], Tribe: Quinault
*Sauk-Suiattle Reservation -- State, under the jurisdiction of [[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]], Tribe:
*[[Shoalwater Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Shoalwater Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]], Tribes: Quinault, Chinook, and Chehalis
*[[Skokomish Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Skokomish Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]], Tribe: Skokomish
*[[Spokane Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Spokane Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Spokane Indian Agency (Washington)|Spokane Agency]], Tribe: Spokane
*[[Squaxin Island Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Squaxin Island Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Olympic Peninsula Indian Agency (Washington)|Olympic Peninsula Agency]], Tribe: Squaxin Island
*Stillaguamish Reservation -- State, under the jurisdiction of [[Puget Sound Indian Agency (Washington)|Puget Sound Agency]], Tribe:_____
*[[Swinomish Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Swinomish Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Puget Sound Indian Agency (Washington)|Puget Sound Agency]], Tribe: Swinomish
*[[Tulalip Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Tulalip Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Puget Sound Indian Agency (Washington)|Puget Sound Agency]], Tribe: Snohomish
*[[Yakama Indian Reservation (Washington)|'''Yakama Reservation''']] -- Federal, under the jurisdiction of [[Yakima Indian Agency (Washington)|Yakima Agency]], Tribe Fourteen Confederated Tribes from the Yakima Nation


[[Washington Church Records|Washington-Church]] for a list of Missions
=== Archives, Libraries, and Museums  ===


[[Washington History|Washington-History]] for a calendar of events
Glenbow Archive, Library, and Museum


[[Washington Military Records|Washington-Military]] for a list of forts
The Glenbow Archives and Library has an excellent collection of resources for the study of Métis genealogy. Their sources cover predominantly [[First Nations of Manitoba|Manitoba]], [[First Nations of Saskatchewan|Saskatchewan]], [[First Nations of Alberta|Alberta]], and some parts of the [[First Nations of Northwest Territories|Northwest Territories]], [[First Nations of Ontario|Ontario]], and [[First Nations of British Columbia|British Columbia]].


== OnLine Links  ==
Most of our sources pertain to people who were living in the Prairie Provinces in 1900 or earlier.


National Archives: [http://www.archives.gov/pacific-alaska/seattle/ http://www.archives.gov/pacific-alaska/seattle/]
One unique collection is the Gail Morin who donated her '''40,000 name database''' to the archive in 2011. The database is ancestral quest format and all in families with sources.  


Bureau of Indian Affairs: [http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html]  
Contact: Glenbow Archives<br> 130 - 9 Avenue<br> SE Calgary, Alberta T2G 0P3<br> Reference Desk telephone: 403-268-4204 <br> Email: [http://www.glenbow.org/collections/archives/genealogy/ archives@glenbow.org]  


Washington State Tribal Directory: [http://www.goia.wa.gov/Tribal-Directory/TribalDirectory.pdf http://www.goia.wa.gov/Tribal-Directory/TribalDirectory.pdf]
=== For Further Reading  ===


== References  ==
See also '''[[American Indian For Further Reading]]'''.


<references />
*[[Washington Church Records|Washington-Church]] Wiki page for a list of Missions
*[[Washington History|Washington-History]] Wiki page for a calendar of events
*[[Washington Military Records|Washington-Military]] Wiki page for a list of forts
*[http://www.archives.gov/pacific-alaska/seattle/ National Archives]
*[http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html Bureau of Indian Affairs]
*[http://www.goia.wa.gov/Tribal-Directory/TribalDirectory.pdf Washington State Tribal Directory]


==== Bibliography ====
=== References ===


*"Accompanying Pamphlet for Microcopy 1011", National Archives Microfilm Publications, Appendix.
<references />
*''American Indians: A Select Catalog of National Archives Microfilm Publications''. Washington DC: National Archives Trust Fund Board, National Archives and Records Administration, 1998.
*Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981.
*Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches''. New York, New York: Clearwater Publishing Company, Inc., 1974.
*''Historical Sketches for Jurisdictional and Subject Headings Used for the Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880''. National Archives Microcopy T1105.
*Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/handbook_american_indians.htm Available online].
*Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.
*National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/WA.pdf Available online.]
*''Preliminary Inventory No. 163: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Services. [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~texlance/records/bia(dc)intro.htm Available online]
*Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/washington/index.htm Available online].


{{Washington|Washington}}  
{{Native American nav}} {{Washington|Washington}}  


[[Category:Washington]] [[Category:Indians_of_the_United_States]]
[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Washington]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of the United States]]
[[Category:Washington Cultural Groups]]

Latest revision as of 10:14, 19 April 2024

Washington Wiki Topics
Washington flag.png
Beginning Research
Record Types
Washington Background
Cultural Groups
Local Research Resources

Learn about the tribes and bands, state recognized tribes, agencies, records and reservations of the indigenous people of Washington.

To learn how to get started with Native American research, find research facilities, and Native American websites click here.

Tribes and Bands of Washington

Many tribes and bands of indigenous people have historically resided in the Pacific Northwest. Many of them signed treaties with the United States government and ceded claims to land. A maps of some of these land cessions is available online. The following list of American Indians who have lived in Washington has been compiled from Hodge's Handbook of American Indians...[1] and from Swanton's The Indian Tribes of North America[2]. Some may simply be variant spellings for the same tribe. A map of the current Federally-Recognized Tribes of Washington State is available online.

Tribes: Chathlamet, Cathlapotle, Cayuse, Chehalis, Chelan, Chilluckittequaw, Chinook, Clackamas,Clallam,Clallum, Columbia, Coeur d'Alene, Colville, Copalis, Cowlitz, Duwamish, Hoh, Humptulip, Kalispel, Klickitat, Kwaiailk, Kwalhioqua, Lummi, Makah,Methow, Mical, Muckleshoot, Neketemeuk, Nespelem, Nez Perce, Nisqually, Nooksack, Ntlayapamuk, Okanagon, Ozette,Palouse, Pshwanwapam, Puyallup, Queets or Quitso, Quileute, Quinault,Sahehwamish, Salish, Samish, Sanpoil, Satsop, Semiahmoo, Senijextee, Shoalwater Bay, Sinkaietk, Sinkakaius,Skagit,Sinkiuse-Columbia, Skilloot, Skin, Snohomish, Snoqualmie, Spokane, Squaxin or Squakson, Suquamish, Stillaguamish, Swinomish,Taidnapam, Tulalip, Twana, Upper Skagit, Walla Walla, Wanapam, Watlala, Wauyukma, Wenatchee, Wishram, Wynoochee, Yakama

Confederated Tribes: Colville, Okanagan, Lakees, San Poil, Methow, Nespelem, Entiat, Wenatchee, Moses, Nez Perce, and Palouse

Indian Tribes of Washington Territory. by George Gibbs. FS Library Collection WorldCat

Indians in Washington:Indian Tribes and Reservations in Washington. by Victor A. Meyers. FS Library book 907.1 M576i WorldCat

Washington State Recognized Tribes

Chinook Tribe of Oregon and Washington, Inc. (also known as Chinook Nation)

Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs

Agencies and sub-agencies were created as administrative offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices.

The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Washington has been compiled from Hill's Office of Indian Affairs...[3], Hill's Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians[4], and others.

Records

The majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:

Allotment Records

Allotted Tribes of Washington

•Chehalis, Columbia, Colville Reservation, Kalispel Reservation, Klickitat, Lummi, Makah, Muckleshoot, Nisqually, Port Madison, Puyallup, Quileute, Quinault, Skokomish Reservation, Spokane, Squaxin Reservation, Swinomish, Snohomish (Tulalip) Yakima •Colville

Enrollment Records

Enrollment Records

Additional images. United States Office of Indiana Affairs, Application for Enrollment and Allotment of Washington Indians, 1911-1919. M1343. FS Library films 1605469 (first of 6) +++
  • Roll of Certain tribes in Oregon and Washington. by Charles E. McChesney and Glen Cameron Adams. Fairfield, Washington: Ye Galleon Press, c. 1969. FS Catalog book 970.1 RR659 WorldCat

Indian Schools

The Office of Indian Affairs (now the Bureau of Indian Affairs) established a network of schools throughout the United States, beginning with Carlisle Indian School, established in 1879. Some of these schools were day schools, usually focusing on Indian children of a single tribe or reservation. Some were boarding schools which served Indian children from a number of tribes and reservations.

In addition, other groups such as various church denominations established schools specifically focusing on American Indian children. (read more...)

The following list of Indian Schools in Washington has been compiled from Hill's Office of Indian Affairs...[5], Hill's Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians[6], and others.

Indian Health Facilities

FamilySearch Library

  • A wealth of genealogical information is available for the various Indian tribes in Washington. Besides published histories, the FamilySearch Library has microfilm copies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) records of births, marriages, deaths, censuses, schools, land allotments, heirships, and family records. They are available from about 1887 to 1952 from agencies such as the Colville, Puyallup, Taholah, Tulalip, and Yakama. The original documents are at the National Archives—Pacific Northwest Region (Seattle).

See also the FamilySearch Catalog for over 300 titles Washington Native Races

  • Records of Native Americans are also listed in the Subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under the names of the agency or tribe. Some of these tribes are the Nez Perce, Yakama, and Chinook.
  • Washington Superintendency records FS Library films 1637277 (first of 26)
  • Portland Area Office - Census Information 1877-1952.
    • Census information 1888-1952 FS Library film 1028458 Item 2
    • Census information 1877-1946 FS Library film 1028459 Item 1

Reservations

Many of the reservations in Washington are small, with one agency of the Bureau of Indian Affairs having responsibilities for the tribes residing on several reservations. Most of the records kept by the federal government about the tribes will be found in the appropriate agency.

From the mid-1800's, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.

Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.

The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.

For a current reservation map -Washington - Indian Reservations - The National Atlas of the United States of America. Federal Lands and Indian Reservations. by the U.S. Department of Interior and U.S. Geological Survey.

The following list of reservations has been compiled from the National Atlas of the United States of America[7], the Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America[8], and other sources. Other reservations have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government.

Archives, Libraries, and Museums

Glenbow Archive, Library, and Museum

The Glenbow Archives and Library has an excellent collection of resources for the study of Métis genealogy. Their sources cover predominantly Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and some parts of the Northwest Territories, Ontario, and British Columbia.

Most of our sources pertain to people who were living in the Prairie Provinces in 1900 or earlier.

One unique collection is the Gail Morin who donated her 40,000 name database to the archive in 2011. The database is ancestral quest format and all in families with sources.

Contact: Glenbow Archives
130 - 9 Avenue
SE Calgary, Alberta T2G 0P3
Reference Desk telephone: 403-268-4204
Email: archives@glenbow.org

For Further Reading

See also American Indian For Further Reading.

References

  1. ↑ Hodge, Frederick Webb. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. Available online.
  2. ↑ Swanton John R. The Indian Tribes of North America. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 Available online.
  3. ↑ Hill, Edward E. The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches, Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. FS Catalog book 970.1 H551o
  4. ↑ Hill, Edward E. (comp.). Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. FS Catalog book 970.1 H551g
  5. ↑ Hill, Edward E. The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches, Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. FS Catalog book 970.1 H551o
  6. ↑ Hill, Edward E. (comp.). Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. FS Catalog book 970.1 H551g
  7. ↑ National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations Available online.
  8. ↑ Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.
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