Kansas Indigenous Peoples: Difference between revisions

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Kansas Wiki Topics

Beginning Research

Record Types

Kansas Background

Cultural Groups

Local Research Resources

United States

Indigenous Peoples of the United States

Kansas

Indigenous Peoples of Kansas

Tribes and Bands of Kansas

The word Kansas comes from a Sioux word meaning "people of the south wind". The following list of Native Americans who have lived in Kansas has been compiled from Hodge's Handbook of American Indians...^[1] and from Swanton's The Indian Tribes of North America^[2]. Some may simply be variant spellings for the same tribe.

Tribes

Apache, Arapaho, Cheyenne, Chippewa, Comanche, Delaware, Fox, Illinois, Iowa, Kansa, Kaskaskia, Kaw, Kickapoo, Kiowa, Kiowa-Apache, Miami, Missouri, Munsee, Osage, Oto, Ottawa, Pawnee, Peoria, Piankashaw, Potawatomi, Quapaw, Sac and Fox - Musquacki (of Mississippi and Missouri), Sauk, Seneca, Shawnee, Southern Cheyenne, Wea, Wyandot

Bands

Black Bob's Band of Shawnee, Prairie Band Potawatomi, Sac and Fox of Kansas

Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs

Agencies and subagencies were created as administrative offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices.

The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Kansas has been compiled from Hill's Office of Indian Affairs...^[3], Hill's Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians^[4], and others.

Delaware Agency
Drum Creek Agency
Fort Leavenworth Agency
Great Nemaha Agency
Haskell Agency and Institute
Horton Agency, P.O. Box 31, Horton, KS 66439
Kansas Agency
Kickapoo Agency
Neosho Agency
Osage River Agency
Ottawa Agency
Potawatomi Agency
Shawnee Agency
Upper Arkansas Agency
Upper Missouri Agency
Upper Platte Agency
Wichita Agency 1857-1878
Wyandot Subagency 1839-1863,1870-1872

Records

The majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:

Allotment Records

The General Allotment Act was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1887, marking the establishment of the allotment of land to individuals as the official and widespread policy of the federal government toward the Native Americans. Under this policy, land (formerly land held by the tribe or tribal land) was allotted to individuals to be held in trust until they had shown competency to handle their own affairs. The Bureau of Indian Affairs was the trustee.

Individual Native Americans were given a prescribed amount of land on a reservation based upon what land was available and the number of tribal members living on that reservation. Generally, the amount of land allotted was 160 Acres for each head of family, 80 Acres for each single person over eighteen years of age, 80 Acres for each orphan child under eighteen years of age, and 40 Acres for each single person under eighteen years of age. This was dependent upon there being sufficient land available on the existing reservation. If the total acreage on the reservation was insufficient, the amounts of land were pro-rated accordingly.

Not all tribes and reservations were allotted.

Allotted Tribes of Kansas

Chippewa and Munsee, Iowa, Kickapoo, Miami, Osage, Ottawa, Potawatomi- Citizen, Potawatomi-Prairie Band, Sac and Fox, Shawnee, Wyandotte

Indian Schools

The Office of Indian Affairs (now the Bureau of Indian Affairs) established a network of schools throughout the United States, beginning with Carlisle Indian School, established in 1879. Some of these schools were day schools, usually focusing on Indian children of a single tribe or reservation. Some were boarding schools which served Indian children from a number of tribes and reservations.

In addition, other groups such as various church denominations established schools specifically focusing on American Indian children. (read more...)

The following list of Indian Schools in Kansas has been compiled from Hill's Office of Indian Affairs...^[5], Hill's Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians^[6], and others.

FamilySearch Library

John Gill Pratt Papers 1834-1899 13 films FamilySearch Library 1st film 0812758
Central Superintendency of Indian Affairs 1813-1878 108 films M 856 FamilySearch Library 1st film: 1602893

FamilySearch CatalogKansas Native Races for over 170 titles of interest

Online Links

Kansas Native American Genealogy

Kansas Plains and Emigrant Tribes

Reservations

From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward indigenous people was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.

Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.

The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.

For a current reservation map, see Map of Indian Lands in the United States, U.S. Department of the Interior.

The following list of reservations has been compiled from the National Atlas of the United States of America^[7], the Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America^[8], and other sources. Those reservations named in bold are current federally-recognized reservations, with their associated agency and tribe(s). Others have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government.

Chippewa - Munsee Reservation
Iowa Reservation Federal, under jurisdiction of Horton Agency, Tribe: Iowa
Kickapoo Reservation State, under jurisdiction of Horton Agency, Tribe: Kickapoo
Prairie Potawatomi Reservation Federal, under jurisdiction of Horton Agency, Tribe: Potawatomi
Potawatomi Reservation
Sauk and Fox Reservation

Superintendencies

St. Louis Superintendency

Central Superintendency

References

↑ Hodge, Frederick Webb. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. Available online.
↑ Swanton John R. The Indian Tribes of North America. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 Available online.
↑ Hill, Edward E. The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches, Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (FamilySearch Library book 970.1 H551o.)
↑ Hill, Edward E. (comp.). Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FS Library book 970.1 H551g.)
↑ Hill, Edward E. The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches, Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (FamilySearch Library book 970.1 H551o.)
↑ Hill, Edward E. (comp.). Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FS Library book 970.1 H551g.)
↑ *National Atlas of the United States, 1970, Federal Lands and Indian Reservations.
↑ Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.(FS Library book 973 E5)

Bibliography

"Accompanying Pamphlet for Microcopy 1011", National Archives Microfilm Publications, Appendix.
American Indians: A Select Catalog of National Archives Microfilm Publications. Washington DC: National Archives Trust Fund Board, National Archives and Records Administration, 1998.
Child, Brenda J. Boarding School Seasons: American Indian Families, 1900-1940. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000. WorldCat 38601984; FS Catalog book 970.1 C436b.
Hill, Edward E. (comp.). Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981.
Hill, Edward E. The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches. New York, New York: Clearwater Publishing Company, Inc., 1974.
Historical Sketches for Jurisdictional and Subject Headings Used for the Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880. National Archives Microcopy T1105.
Hodge, Frederick Webb. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. Available online.
Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.
National Atlas of the United States, 1970, Federal Lands and Indian Reservations.
Preliminary Inventory No. 163: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Services. Available online
Swanton John R. The Indian Tribes of North America. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 Available online.

[1] Hodge, Frederick Webb. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. Available online.

[2] Swanton John R. The Indian Tribes of North America. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 Available online.

[3] Hill, Edward E. The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches, Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (FamilySearch Library book 970.1 H551o.)

[4] Hill, Edward E. (comp.). Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FS Library book 970.1 H551g.)

[5] Hill, Edward E. The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches, Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (FamilySearch Library book 970.1 H551o.)

[6] Hill, Edward E. (comp.). Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FS Library book 970.1 H551g.)

[7] *National Atlas of the United States, 1970, Federal Lands and Indian Reservations.

[8] Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.(FS Library book 973 E5)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-''[[Indians of North America]]&nbsp; [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]]&nbsp; [[United States]]&nbsp; [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]]&nbsp; [[Kansas]]&nbsp; [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]]&nbsp; [[Indians_of_Kansas|American Indians]]''
+{{KS-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb
+| link1=[[United States Genealogy|United States]]
-The word Kansas comes from a Sioux word meaning "people of the south wind"
+| link2=[[Indigenous Peoples of the United States Genealogy|Indigenous Peoples of the United States]]
+| link3=[[Kansas, United States Genealogy|Kansas]]
-To learn how to get started with American Indian research, find research facilities, and American Indian websites [[American Indian Genealogy|click here]].<br>
+| link4=
+| link5=[[Indigenous Peoples of Kansas]]
+}}
 == Tribes and Bands of Kansas  ==
+The word Kansas comes from a Sioux word meaning "people of the south wind".
+The following list of Native Americans who have lived in Kansas has been compiled from Hodge's ''Handbook of American Indians...''<ref>Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. [https://archive.org/details/handbookamindians02hodgrich Available online].</ref> and from Swanton's ''The Indian Tribes of North America''<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/kansas/index.htm Available online].</ref>. Some may simply be variant spellings for the same tribe.
-The following list of American Indians who have lived in Kansas has been compiled from Hodge's ''Handbook of American Indians...''<ref>Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/handbook_american_indians.htm Available online].</ref> and from Swanton's ''The Indian Tribes of North America''<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/kansas/index.htm Available online].</ref>. Some may simply be variant spellings for the same tribe.
+== Tribes  ==
-=== Tribes  ===
-[[Apache Indians|Apache,]] [[Arapaho Indians|Arapaho]], [[Cheyenne Indians|Cheyenne,]] [[Chippewa Indians|Chippewa,]] [[Comanche Indians|Comanche,]] [[Delaware Indians|Delaware]], Fox, Illinois, [[Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska|Iowa]], [[Kansa Indians|Kansa]], Kaskaskia, [[Kaw Indians|Kaw,]] [[Kickapoo Indians|Kickapoo]], [[Kiowa Indians|Kiowa]], Kiowa-Apache, [[Miami Indians|Miami,]] Missouri, [https://wiki.familysearch.org/en/extensions/FCKeditor/fckeditor/editor/Munsee_Indians Munsee,&nbsp;]&nbsp;[[Osage Indians|Osage,]] [[Oto Indians|Oto]], [[Ottawa Indians|Ottawa,]] [[Pawnee Indians|Pawnee,]] [[Peoria Indians|Peoria]], Piankashaw, [[Potawatomi Indians|Potawatomi,]]&nbsp;[[Quapaw Indians|Quapaw,]] [[Sac and Fox Tribe|Sac and Fox -]] Musquacki (of Mississippi and Missouri),&nbsp; Sauk, [[Seneca Indians|Seneca,]] [[Shawnee Indians|Shawnee]], Southern Cheyenne, Wea, [[Wyandot Indians|Wyandot]]
-=== Bands  ===
-Black Bob's Band of Shawnee, [[Prairie_Band_of_Potawatomi_Nation,_Kansas|Prairie Band Potawatomi]], [[Sac_and_Fox_Tribe|Sac and Fox ]]of Kansas
-== Reservations  ==
-From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.
-Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.
-The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.
+[[Apache Indians|Apache,]] [[Arapaho Indians|Arapaho]], [[Cheyenne Indians|Cheyenne,]] [[Chippewa Indians|Chippewa,]] [[Comanche Indians|Comanche,]] [[Delaware Indians|Delaware]], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/fox-tribe.htm Fox], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/illinois-tribe.htm Illinois], [[Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska|Iowa]], [[Kansa Indians|Kansa]], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/kaskaskia-tribe.htm Kaskaskia], [[Kaw Indians|Kaw,]] [[Kickapoo Indians|Kickapoo]], [[Kiowa Indians|Kiowa]], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/kiowa-apache-tribe.htm Kiowa-Apache], [[Miami Indians|Miami,]] Missouri, [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/delaware/munseeindianhist.htm Munsee],  [[Osage Indians|Osage,]] [[Oto Indians|Oto]], [[Ottawa Indians|Ottawa,]] [[Pawnee Indians|Pawnee,]] [[Peoria Indians|Peoria]], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/piankashaw-tribe.htm Piankashaw], [[Potawatomi Indians|Potawatomi,]] [[Quapaw Indians|Quapaw,]] [[Sac and Fox Tribe|Sac and Fox -]] Musquacki (of Mississippi and Missouri),  [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/sauk-tribe.htm Sauk], [[Seneca Indians|Seneca,]] [[Shawnee Indians|Shawnee]], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/cheyenne-tribe.htm Southern Cheyenne], [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/wea-tribe.htm Wea], [[Wyandot Indians|Wyandot]]
-The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/ks.pdf Available online.]</ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.(Family History Library book {{FHL|433280|title-id|disp=973 E5}})</ref>, and other sources. Those reservations named in '''bold''' are current federally-recognized reservations, with their associated agency and tribe(s). Others have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government.
+== Bands  ==
-*[[Chippewa - Munsee Indian Reservation (Kansas)|Chippewa - Munsee Reservation]]
+Black Bob's Band of Shawnee, [[Prairie Band of Potawatomi Nation, Kansas|Prairie Band Potawatomi]], [[Sac and Fox Tribe|Sac and Fox of]] Kansas
-*'''[[Iowa Indian Reservation (Kansas)|Iowa]] Reservation '''Federal, under jurisdiction of Horton Agency, Tribe: Iowa
-*'''[[Kickapoo Indian Reservation (Kansas)|Kickapoo]] Reservation '''State, under jurisdiction of Horton Agency, Tribe: Kickapoo
-*'''Prairie [[Potawatomi Indian Reservation (Kansas)|Potawatomi]] Reservation '''Federal, under jurisdiction of Horton Agency, Tribe: Potawatomi
-*[[Potawatomi Indian Reservation (Kansas)|Potawatomi Reservation]]
-*[[Sauk and Fox Indian Reservation (Kansas)|'''Sauk and Fox Reservation''']]
 == Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs  ==
-[[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|Agencies]] and subagencies were created as administrative offices of the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices.
+[[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|Agencies]] and subagencies were created as administrative offices of the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. '''Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices. '''
-The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Kansas has been compiled from Hill's ''Office of Indian Affairs...''<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (Family History Library {{FHL|247426|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551o}}.)</ref>, Hill's ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians''<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FHL {{FHL|207428|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551g}}.)</ref>, and others.
+The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Kansas has been compiled from Hill's ''Office of Indian Affairs...''<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (FamilySearch Library {{FSC|247426|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551o}}.)</ref>, Hill's ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians''<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FS Library {{FSC|207428|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551g}}.)</ref>, and others.
 *[[Delaware Indian Agency (Kansas)|Delaware Agency]]
@@ Line 46: / Line 31: @@
 *[[Haskell Indian Agency (Kansas)|Haskell Agency and Institute]]
 *[[Horton Indian Agency (Kansas)|Horton Agency]], P.O. Box 31, Horton, KS 66439
-*[[Kansas Indian Agency (Kansas)|Kansas Agency]]&nbsp;
+*[[Kansas Indian Agency (Kansas)|Kansas Agency]]
 *[[Kickapoo Indian Agency (Kansas)|Kickapoo Agency]]
 *[[Neosho Indian Agency (Kansas)|Neosho Agency]]
@@ Line 52: / Line 37: @@
 *[[Ottawa Indian Agency (Kansas)|Ottawa Agency]]
 *[[Potawatomi Indian Agency (Kansas)|Potawatomi Agency]]
 *[[Shawnee Indian Agency (Kansas)|Shawnee Agency]] <br>
 *[[Upper Arkansas Indian Agency|Upper Arkansas Agency]]
 *[[Upper Missouri Indian Agency|Upper Missouri Agency]]
 *[[Upper Platte Indian Agency|Upper Platte Agency]]
 *[[Wichita Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Wichita Agency]] 1857-1878
-*[[Wyandot Indian Subagency (Kansas)|Wyandot Subagency]] 1839-1863, 1870-1872
+*[[Wyandot Indian Subagency (Kansas)|Wyandot Subagency]] 1839-1863,1870-1872
+== Records  ==
+The '''majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies'''. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:<br>
+*[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment records]]
+*[[American Indian Annuity Rolls|Annuity rolls]]
+*[[American Indian Census Rolls|Census records]]
+*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Correspondence]]
+*[[American Indian Health Records|Health records]]
+*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Reports]]
+*[[American Indian School Records|School census and records]]
+*[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital records]]
+== Allotment Records ==
+The General Allotment Act was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1887, marking the establishment of the allotment of land to individuals as the official and widespread policy of the federal government toward the Native Americans. Under this policy, land (formerly land held by the tribe or tribal land) was allotted to individuals to be held in trust until they had shown competency to handle their own affairs. The [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] was the trustee.
-===== Superintendencies =====
+Individual Native Americans were given a prescribed amount of land on a reservation based upon what land was available and the number of tribal members living on that reservation. Generally, the amount of land allotted was 160 Acres for each head of family, 80 Acres for each single person over eighteen years of age, 80 Acres for each orphan child under eighteen years of age, and 40 Acres for each single person under eighteen years of age. This was dependent upon there being sufficient land available on the existing reservation. If the total acreage on the reservation was insufficient, the amounts of land were pro-rated accordingly.
-[[St._Louis_Superintendency_of_Indian_Affairs|St. Louis Superintendency]]
+Not all tribes and reservations were allotted.
-[[Central_Superintendency_of_Indian_Affairs|Central Superintendency]]
+Allotted Tribes of Kansas
+*Chippewa and Munsee, Iowa, Kickapoo, Miami, Osage, Ottawa, Potawatomi- Citizen, Potawatomi-Prairie Band, Sac and Fox, Shawnee, Wyandotte
 == Indian Schools  ==
@@ Line 71: / Line 75: @@
 In addition, other groups such as various church denominations established schools specifically focusing on American Indian children. ([[American Indian School Records|read more...]])
-The following list of Indian Schools in Kansas has been compiled from Hill's ''Office of Indian Affairs..''.<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (Family History Library {{FHL|247426|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551o}}.)</ref>, Hill's ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians''<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FHL {{FHL|207428|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551g}}.)</ref>, and others.
+The following list of Indian Schools in Kansas has been compiled from Hill's ''Office of Indian Affairs..''.<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (FamilySearch Library {{FSC|247426|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551o}}.)</ref>, Hill's ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians''<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FS Library {{FSC|207428|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551g}}.)</ref>, and others.
 *[[Hampton Institute (Kansas)|Hampton Institute]]
@@ Line 78: / Line 82: @@
 *[[Kickapoo Indian School (Kansas)|Kickapoo School]]
-== Family History Library  ==
+== FamilySearch Library  ==
+*John Gill Pratt Papers 1834-1899 13 films FamilySearch Library  1st film {{FSC|256509|title-id|disp=0812758}}
+*Central Superintendency of Indian Affairs 1813-1878 108 films M 856 FamilySearch Library 1st film: {{FSC|589935|title-id|disp=1602893}}
-*John Gill Pratt Papers 1834-1899 13 films Family History Library &nbsp;1st film {{FHL|256509|title-id|disp=0812758}}
+FamilySearch Catalog[https://familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlehitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&keyword=Kansas+Native+Races&prekeyword=Kansas+Native+Races Kansas Native Races ]for over 170 titles of interest
-*Central Superintendency of Indian Affairs 1813-1878&nbsp; 108 films M 856 Family History Library&nbsp;1st film: {{FHL|589935|title-id|disp=1602893}}
 == Online Links  ==
@@ Line 89: / Line 95: @@
 [http://www.vlib.us/old_west/indian.html Kansas Plains and Emigrant Tribes]
-== '''See Also:'''  ==
+== Reservations  ==
+From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward indigenous people was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.
+Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.
+The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.
+For a current reservation map, see [https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/uploads/12_bia_regions.pdf Map of Indian Lands in the United States], U.S. Department of the Interior.
+The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>*[https://www.loc.gov/item/79654043/ National Atlas of the United States, 1970], Federal Lands and Indian Reservations.</ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.(FS Library book {{FSC|433280|title-id|disp=973 E5}})</ref>, and other sources. Those reservations named in '''bold''' are current federally-recognized reservations, with their associated agency and tribe(s). Others have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government.
+*[[Chippewa - Munsee Indian Reservation (Kansas)|Chippewa - Munsee Reservation]]
+*'''[[Iowa Indian Reservation (Kansas)|Iowa]] Reservation '''Federal, under jurisdiction of Horton Agency, Tribe: Iowa
+*'''[[Kickapoo Indian Reservation (Kansas)|Kickapoo]] Reservation '''State, under jurisdiction of Horton Agency, Tribe: Kickapoo
+*'''Prairie [[Potawatomi Indian Reservation (Kansas)|Potawatomi]] Reservation '''Federal, under jurisdiction of Horton Agency, Tribe: Potawatomi
+*[[Potawatomi Indian Reservation (Kansas)|Potawatomi Reservation]]
+*[[Sauk and Fox Indian Reservation (Kansas)|'''Sauk and Fox Reservation''']]
+=== Superintendencies  ===
+[[St. Louis Superintendency of Indian Affairs|St. Louis Superintendency]]
+[[Central Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Central Superintendency]]
+== See Also  ==
-*[[Kansas Church Records|Kansas Church&nbsp;Records]] for a list of missions
+*[[Kansas Church Records|Kansas Church Records]] for a list of missions
 *[[Kansas History|Kansas History]] for a calendar of events
 *[[Kansas Military Records|Kansas Military Records]] for a list of forts
@@ Line 97: / Line 128: @@
 == References  ==
 <references />
-==== Bibliography  ====
+== Bibliography  ==
 *"Accompanying Pamphlet for Microcopy 1011", National Archives Microfilm Publications, Appendix.
 *''American Indians: A Select Catalog of National Archives Microfilm Publications''. Washington DC: National Archives Trust Fund Board, National Archives and Records Administration, 1998.
-*Child, Brenda J. ''Boarding School Seasons: American Indian Families, 1900-1940''. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38601984&referer=brief_results WorldCat 38601984]; {{FHL|1123164|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 C436b}}.
+*Child, Brenda J. ''Boarding School Seasons: American Indian Families, 1900-1940''. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38601984&referer=brief_results WorldCat 38601984]; {{FSC|1123164|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 C436b}}.
 *Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981.
 *Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches''. New York, New York: Clearwater Publishing Company, Inc., 1974.
 *''Historical Sketches for Jurisdictional and Subject Headings Used for the Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880''. National Archives Microcopy T1105.
-*Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/handbook_american_indians.htm Available online].
+*Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. [https://archive.org/details/handbookamindians02hodgrich Available online].
 *Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.
-*National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/KS.pdf Available online].
+*[https://www.loc.gov/item/79654043/ National Atlas of the United States, 1970], Federal Lands and Indian Reservations.
 *''Preliminary Inventory No. 163: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Services. [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~texlance/records/bia(dc)intro.htm Available online]
 *Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/kansas/index.htm Available online].
-{{Kansas|Kansas}}
+{{Native American nav}}
-[[Category:Kansas]] [[Category:Indians_of_the_United_States]]
+[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Kansas]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of the United States]]
+[[Category:Kansas Cultural Groups]]