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=== Regiments  ===
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*Post Battery, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas Artillery
[[Image:{{Battle of Lawrence, Kansas}}]]<br>


:"Compendium of the War of the Rebellion" by Frederick H. Dyer contains no history for this unit.
=== Introduction  ===


<br>
From about 1854 and 1858, fighting between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups had caused the state to be known as 'bleeding Kansas'.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas Bleeding Kansas], (accessed 26 July 2011).</ref> Finally on January 29, 1861, Kansas was admitted as a free state.  20,097 Kansas men joined the Union forces, more than had been requested.<ref>Wikipedia contributors. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_in_the_American_Civil_War Kansas in the American Civil War], (accessed 26 July 2011).</ref>
 
*1st Regiment, Kansas Infantry
 
:Organized at Camp Lincoln, Fort Leavenworth, May 20 to June 3, 1861.
:Mustered out June 19, 1864.
:Veterans on duty in District of Vicksburg, Miss., till August, 1864
:Mustered out August 30, 1865.
 
<br>
 
*1st Regiment, Indian Home Guards, Kansas Infantry
 
:Organized at Leroy, Kansas, May 22, 1862.
:Mustered out May 31, 1865.
 
<br>
 
*1st Independent Battery, Kansas Light Artillery
 
:Organized at Mound City July 24, 1861.
:Mustered out July 17, 1865.
 
<br>
 
*2nd Regiment, Kansas Cavalry
 
:Organized at Kansas City as 12th Kansas Infantry.
:At Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, designation changed to 9th Kansas Infantry February 4, 1862, and to 2nd Cavalry March 5, 1862.
:Mustered out August 17, 1865.
 
<br>
 
*2nd Regiment, Kansas Infantry (3 months, 1861)
 
:Organized at Lawrence for three months May, 1861.
:Mustered in at Kansas City June 20, 1861.
:Mustered out October 31, 1861.
 
<br>
 
*2nd Regiment, Indian Home Guards, Kansas Infantry
 
:Organized on Big Creek and at Five-Mile Creek, Kansas, June 22 to July 18, 1862.
:Mustered out May 31, 1865.
 
<br>
 
*2nd Independent Battery, Kansas Light Artillery
 
:Organized at Fort Scott.
:Mustered in September 10, 1862.
:Mustered out August 11, 1865.
 
<br>
 
*2nd Independent Battery, Kansas Light Artillery (Hopkins')
 
:Attached to 2nd Kansas Cavalry. See 3rd Battery.
 
<br>
 
*3rd Regiment, Kansas Infantry
 
:Organization not completed.  
:Consolidated with 4th Kansas Infantry to form 10th Kansas Infantry April 3, 1862.
 
<br>
 
*3rd Regiment, Indian Home Guards, Kansas Infantry
 
:Organized at Carthage, Mo., September 16, 1862.  
:Served unattached.
:Mustered out May 31, 1865.
 
<br>
 
*[[3rd_Independent_Battery,_Kansas_Light_Artillery|3rd Independent Battery, Kansas Light Artillery]]
 
:Organized as Company "B," 2nd Kansas Cavalry, December 9, 1861.
:Organized as a Battery October 27, 1862; designated as Hopkins' Kansas Battery.
:Designated 3rd Battery October 1, 1863.
:A detachment of 60 men sent to Little Rock to receive new Battery and duty there till January, 1865. Attached to Battery "G," 1st Missouri Light Artillery. September 13, 1864, to January 1, 1865.
:Mustered out January 19, 1865.
:Veterans and Recruits transferred to 2nd Kansas Battery.
 
<br>
 
*4th Regiment, Kansas Infantry
 
:Organization not completed.  
:Consolidated with 3rd Kansas Infantry to form 10th Kansas Infantry April 3, 1862.
 
<br>
 
*4th Independent Battery, Kansas Light Artillery
 
:"Compendium of the War of the Rebellion" by Frederick H. Dyer contains no history for this unit.
 
<br>
 
*5th Regiment, Kansas Cavalry
 
:Organized at Leavenworth City July 12, 1861, to January 22, 1862.
:Cos. "L" and "M" organized April to July, 1862.
:Non-Veterans mustered out (Cos. "A" to "H") August 11 to December 8, 1864.  
:Companies "I" and "K" mustered out June 22, 1865.
:Companies "L" and "M" consolidated with 15th Kansas Cavalry August 22, 1865.
 
<br>
 
*6th Regiment, Kansas Cavalry
 
:Organized at Fort Scott July, 1861.
:Mustered out August 27, 1865.
 
<br>
 
*6th Regiment, Kansas Infantry
 
:"Compendium of the War of the Rebellion" by Frederick H. Dyer contains no history for this unit.
 
<br>
 
*7th Regiment, Kansas Cavalry
 
:Organized at Fort Leavenworth October 28, 1861.
:Mustered out September 29, 1865.
 
<br>
 
*8th Regiment, Kansas Infantry


:Regiment organized for service in the State and along border August, 1861.
*Charles Robinson.  ''The Kansas conflict'' New York: Harper & Brothers, Franklin Square, 1892 {{FSDL|233175}}
:Companies "A," "D," "G" and "H" at Lawrence, Kan., October, 1861.  
*Joseph W. Snell, ed ''Guide to the microfilm edition of the New England Emigrant Aid Company Papers, 1854-1909 : in the Kansas State Historical Society'' Topeka, Kansas: Kansas State Historical Society, 1967 {{FSC|249398|item|disp=FS Library 973 W23sj}}
:Mustered out November 29, 1865.
*{{FSC|209516|item|disp= New England Emigrant Aid Company papers, 1854-1909 in the Kansas State Historical Society 9 rolls Kansas State Historical Society}}
:Moved to Fort Leavenworth, Kan., November 30, 1865-January 6, 1866, and honorably discharged January 9, 1866.
*Debra F. Graden, extracted by ''Kansas pioneers of 1855 : that came by way of New England Emigrant Aid Company'' 72 leaves (1997 {{FSC|737471|item|disp=FS Library 978.1 W2g}}
*Samuel A. Johnson. ''The battle cry of freedom : the New England Emigration Aid Company in the Kansas crusade'' Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1977 {{FSC|410489|item|disp=FS Library 978.1 H2j}}


<br>
=== Kansas Military Units  ===


*9th Regiment, Kansas Cavalry
Most units were numbered, however, some were named. See the table below for lists of the regiments, battalions, batteries, and other units. <br>


:Organized at Fort Leavenworth by consolidation of Independent Battalions, Squadrons and Detachments originally formed for other Regiments March 27, 1862.
The information in the lists of Kansas Military Units comes from the [https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/soldiers-and-sailors-database.htm Civil War Soldiers and Sailors] web site. That web site also can be searched by the name of a soldier.  
:Company "A" organized as Company "D," 8th Kansas, September 13 to October 14, 1861.
:Company "B" as Company "H," 8th Kansas, September 21 to November 20, 1861.  
:Company "C" as Company "C," 3rd Kansas, July 24, 1861.  
:Company "D" as Company "D," 1st Battalion Cavalry, October 19, 1861, to January 16, 1862.
:Company "E" as Company "E" 1st Battalion Cavalry, October 19, 1861, to January 16, 1862.  
:Company "F" organized as Home Guard October 19, 1861, to January 16, 1862, and on scout and patrol duty at Paola.  
:Company "G" for 1st Battalion Cavalry September 9, 1861, to January 16, 1862.
:Company "H" for 1st Battalion Cavalry October 22, 1861.
:Company "I" mustered in March 6, 1862.
:Company "K" mustered in July 11, 1862.
:Company "L" mustered in May 2, 1863.
:Company "M" mustered in June 11 to August 2, 1863.
:Mustered out July 17, 1865.
 
<br>
 
*10th Regiment, Kansas Infantry
 
:Organized at Paola by consolidation of 3rd and 4th Kansas Infantry April 3, 1862.
:Mustered out August 30, 1865.
:Discharged at Fort Leavenworth, Kan., September 20, 1865.
 
<br>


*11th Regiment, Kansas Cavalry
<br>
<center>'''Kansas Units by Number or by Name'''</center><div style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 5px; background-color: rgb(204,255,255); margin: 4px; padding-left: 5px; width: 60px; padding-right: 5px; float: left; height: 40px; color: black; padding-top: 5px">'''''Union Units'''''</div><div style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 5px; background-color: rgb(204,255,255); margin: 4px; padding-left: 5px; width: 60px; padding-right: 5px; float: left; height: 40px; padding-top: 5px">[[Kansas Civil War Union Units 1st through 22nd|1st-22nd]]</div><div style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 5px; background-color: rgb(204,255,255); margin: 4px; padding-left: 5px; width: 60px; padding-right: 5px; float: left; height: 40px; padding-top: 5px">[[Kansas Civil War Union Units A to Z|A to Z]]</div>
<br><br><br><br>
<center>'''Kansas Units by Type of Unit'''</center><div style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 5px; background-color: rgb(204,255,255); margin: 4px; padding-left: 5px; width: 60px; padding-right: 5px; float: left; height: 40px; color: black; padding-top: 5px">'''''Union Units'''''</div><div style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 5px; background-color: rgb(204,255,255); margin: 4px; padding-left: 5px; width: 60px; padding-right: 5px; float: left; height: 40px; padding-top: 5px">[[Kansas Civil War Union Infantry Units|Infantry]]</div><div style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 5px; background-color: rgb(204,255,255); margin: 4px; padding-left: 5px; width: 60px; padding-right: 5px; float: left; height: 40px; padding-top: 5px">[[Kansas Civil War Union Cavalry Units|Cavalry]]</div><div style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 5px; background-color: rgb(204,255,255); margin: 4px; padding-left: 5px; width: 60px; padding-right: 5px; float: left; height: 40px; padding-top: 5px">[[Kansas Civil War Union Artillery Units|Artillery]]</div><div style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 5px; background-color: rgb(204,255,255); margin: 4px; padding-left: 5px; width: 65px; padding-right: 5px; float: left; height: 40px; padding-top: 5px">[[Kansas Civil War Union Guard Units|Guards]]</div><div style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 5px; background-color: rgb(204,255,255); margin: 4px; padding-left: 5px; width: 60px; padding-right: 5px; float: left; height: 40px; padding-top: 5px">[[Kansas Civil War Union Colored Troops|Colored Troops]]</div><div style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 5px; background-color: rgb(204,255,255); margin: 4px; padding-left: 5px; width: 60px; padding-right: 5px; float: left; height: 40px; padding-top: 5px">[[Kansas Civil War Union Other Units|Other]]</div>


:Organized at Kansas City April 1863, from 11th Kansas Infrantry.
:Moved to Kansas and mustered out September 26, 1865.


<br>
=== Related Sources ===
*John T. Fallon, comp. ''List of synonyms of organizations in the volunteer service of the United States during the years 1861, '62, '63, '64, and '65'' Washington: Government Printing Office, 1885 {{FSDL|241061}}


*12th Regiment, Kansas Infantry
*''Bibliography of State Participation in the Civil War 1861-1866'' Washington: Government Printing Office, 1918. For Kansas see pages 176 - 185. Images 186 - 195. This section will include a bibliography of war related state publications, published unit histories, and local histories with Civil War content. {{FSDL|44716}}


:Organized at Paola September, 1862.  
*Frederick Dyer. ''A compendium of the War of the Rebellion'' 3 volumes. reprint. New York, New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1959. v. 1. Number and organization of the armies of the United States -- v. 2. Chronological record of the campaigns, battles, engagements, actions, combats, sieges, skirmishes, etc., in the United States, 1861 to 1865 -- v. 3. Regimental histories. v.1 {{FSDL|321923}}; v.2 {{FSDL|298675}}; v.3 {{FSDL|411071}}
:Mustered out June 3, 1865.


<br>
*United States Adjutant General's Office. ''Official army register of the volunteer force of the United States Army for the years 1861, '62, '63, '64, '65'' volume 7 reprint Gaithersburg, Maryland: Olde Soldier Books, 1987 incudes officers from Missouri, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, California, Kansas, Oregon, Nevada Regiments {{FSDL|51734}}


*13th Regiment, Kansas Infantry
=== Records  ===


:Organized at Atchison.
==== Service Records  ====
:Mustered in September 20, 1862.
:Mustered out June 26, 1865.
:Discharged at Fort Leavenworth, Kan., July 13, 1865.


<br>
An [http://www.kshs.org/p/kansas-adjutant-general-s-report-1861-1865/11175 index to the Kansas Adjutant General's Report, 1861-1865], is on the Kansas Historical Society website (free search). The index gives name, regiment, company, and place of residence with occasional notes. This index is mostly about volunteer regiments.  It does NOT include all Kansans who served in the Civil War; in particular, the index does not include the Kansas State Militia.<br>  


*14th Regiment, Kansas Cavalry
The Adjutant General's Report, 1861-1865, lists the names of all troops who served in the Kansas volunteer regiments during the Civil War. It also includes each soldier's rank, the place and date of enlistment, his discharge date, and notes about promotions, prisoner of war status, and other events. If a soldier died on active duty, the place, date, and cause of death are listed.


:Organized at Fort Scott and Leavenworth April, 1863, as a Battalion of 4 Companies for escort to General Blunt.  
See ''[http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/statewide/military/civilwar/adjutant/index2.html Report of the Adjutant General of the State of Kansas, Vol. 1. - 1861-1865 ]and [http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/statewide/military/civilwar/adjutant/index3.html Vol. 1 Reprint.]'' A film copy is also available through [http://www.kshs.org/p/interlibrary-loan-policies-for-researchers/11527 interlibrary loan from the Kansas Historical Society] [microfilm reel LM 977].  
:Regiment organized at Fort Scott, December, 1863.  
:Mustered out June 25, 1865.


<br>
The compiled service records of Kansas soldiers have not been microfilmed and are only available from the National Archives. For more information see [[Union Service Records|Union Service Records]] See also [[United States, National Archives, Compiled Military Service Records Sources Civil War: Kansas]]


*15th Regiment, Kansas Cavalry
==== Officers from Kansas ====


:Organized at Leavenworth September and October, 1863.  
For a list of officers commissioned by the President see [http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/statewide/military/civilwar/adjutant/i/kansas.html here].  
:Mustered out October 19, 1865.  
:Company "H" mustered out December 7, 1865.


<br>
For a list of officers from Kansas commissioned in Regiments not belonging to the State see [http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/statewide/military/civilwar/adjutant/i/nonstate.html here].


*16th Regiment, Kansas Cavalry
==== Civil War Pension Index Cards  ====


:Organized at Leavenworth City November, 1863, to May, 1864.  
An {{RecordSearch|1471019|Index to Pension Applications}} of veterans who served in the US Army between 1861-1917 is available on FamilySearch. Each card gives the soldier’s name, application and certificate numbers, state of enlistment, and might include rank and death information. The majority of the records are of Civil War veterans, but the collection also includes records for veterans of the Spanish-American War, the Philippine Insurrection, the Indian Wars, and World War I. For more information see [[Union Pension Records|Union Pension Records]].  
:Mustered out December 6, 1865.


<br>
=== Other Sources  ===


*17th Regiment, Kansas Infantry (100 days, 1864)
*Kansas Negro Regiment in the Civil War. ''Cornish, Dudley Taylor:'' (Kansas Historical Quarterly 20, no. 6 (May 1953):417-429.) {{FSC|248365|item|disp=FS Library Book 978.1 B2k 1-33 index}}


:Organized at Fort Leavenworth July 28, 1864, for 100 days.  
*Daughters of the American Revolution (Kansas). ''Genealogical material from Kansas State D.A.R. (source material).'' (Genealogical material from Kansas State D.A.R. (source material)) {{FSC|248365|item|disp=FS Library 851235 Item 4}}
:Mustered out November 16, 1864.


<br>
*{{FSC|49250|item|disp=John Haupt Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, ''Index to the Kansas militia in the Civil War,'' Topeka, Kansas : Daughters of the American Revolution. John Haupt Chapter, c1979}}


*18th Battalion, Kansas Cavalry
*Decker, Eugene Donald. ''A selected, annotated bibliography of sources in the Kansas State Historical Society pertaining to Kansas in the Civil War'' Emporia, Kansas :Kansas State Teachers College, 1961. {{FSC|90760|item|disp=FS Library DGS 9020899 }}; 


:"Compendium of the War of the Rebellion" by Frederick H. Dyer contains no history for this unit.
==== Grand Army of the Republic (GAR)  ====


<br>
Grand Army of the Republic founded in 1866 - 1956, was the largest veteran’s organization in the country after the Civil War. It was a fraternal organization members were veterans of the Union Army, US Navy, Marines and Revenue Cutler Service who served in the American Civil War. The group supported voting rights for black veterans, and lobbied the U.S. Congress to establish veterans' pensions. In 1890 the membership was 490,000.


*19th Regiment, Kansas Cavalry (6 months)
In 1888 there were 433 posts and 17,310 members in the state of Kansas  


:"Compendium of the War of the Rebellion" by Frederick H. Dyer contains no history for this unit.
[http://www.garrecords.org/ GAR Posts in the State of Kansas]


<br>
The FamilySearch Catalog:
*Kansas, Grand Army of the Republic, 1880-1943 (Post reports, and Rolls) {{FSC|2821819|item|disp=FS Library Digital Images}} 
*Roster of the Department of Kansas Grand Army of the Republic, 1890 {{FSDL|897442}}
*Roster of the Department of Kansas Grand Army of the Republic, 1891 {{FSDL|897443}}
*Roster of the Department of Kansas Grand Army of the Republic, 1892 {{FSDL|897444}}
*Roster of the Department of Kansas Grand Army of the Republic, 1893 {{FSDL|897445}}
*Roster of the members and posts, 1894: Grand Army of the Republic, Dept of Kansas {{FSDL|101318}}
*Roster of the Department of Kansas Grand Army of the Republic, 1918, 1925-1935 {{FSDL|528287}}
*Roster of the post membership of the Department of Kansas, Grand Army of the Republic - 1925-1927 {{FSDL|688657}}
*Roster of the post membership of the Department of Kansas, Grand Army of the Republic - 1928-1933 {{FSDL|688660}}
*Journal of the ...annual encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Kansas - 38th (1919) {{FSDL|483321}} 
*Robert A. Van Dyne, ''Kansas settlers of the Grand Army of the Republic, 1885 : a compiled list of Union soldiers listed in the state census of 1885 from Dickinson, Ellsworth, Lincoln, McPherson, Ottawa and Saline counties'' Salina, Kansas: Smoky Valley Genealogical Society, 198- {{FSC|544373|item|disp=FS Library 978.15 M2v}}


*Abernathy's Company, Kansas Home Guards
==== Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War  ====


:"Compendium of the War of the Rebellion" by Frederick H. Dyer contains no history for this unit.
With the death of the last member of the Grand Army of the Republic the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War was formed.  


<br>
<br>


*Block's Company (Leavenworth Zouaves), Kansas Infantry
=== References  ===


:"Compendium of the War of the Rebellion" by Frederick H. Dyer contains no history for this unit.
<references />  
 
<br>


*Unassigned Kansas Volunteers
<br>{{U.S. Civil War}}


:"Compendium of the War of the Rebellion" by Frederick H. Dyer contains no history for this unit.
[[Category:Kansas_-_Military_-_Civil_War,_1861-1865]]

Latest revision as of 11:00, 8 August 2025

Battle of Lawrence, Kansas, August 21, 1863, also known as the Lawrence Massacre and Quantrill's Raid


Introduction

From about 1854 and 1858, fighting between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups had caused the state to be known as 'bleeding Kansas'.[1] Finally on January 29, 1861, Kansas was admitted as a free state. 20,097 Kansas men joined the Union forces, more than had been requested.[2]

Kansas Military Units

Most units were numbered, however, some were named. See the table below for lists of the regiments, battalions, batteries, and other units.

The information in the lists of Kansas Military Units comes from the Civil War Soldiers and Sailors web site. That web site also can be searched by the name of a soldier.


Kansas Units by Number or by Name
Union Units





Kansas Units by Type of Unit
Union Units


Related Sources

  • John T. Fallon, comp. List of synonyms of organizations in the volunteer service of the United States during the years 1861, '62, '63, '64, and '65 Washington: Government Printing Office, 1885 FamilySearch Digital Library
  • Bibliography of State Participation in the Civil War 1861-1866 Washington: Government Printing Office, 1918. For Kansas see pages 176 - 185. Images 186 - 195. This section will include a bibliography of war related state publications, published unit histories, and local histories with Civil War content. FamilySearch Digital Library
  • Frederick Dyer. A compendium of the War of the Rebellion 3 volumes. reprint. New York, New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1959. v. 1. Number and organization of the armies of the United States -- v. 2. Chronological record of the campaigns, battles, engagements, actions, combats, sieges, skirmishes, etc., in the United States, 1861 to 1865 -- v. 3. Regimental histories. v.1 FamilySearch Digital Library; v.2 FamilySearch Digital Library; v.3 FamilySearch Digital Library
  • United States Adjutant General's Office. Official army register of the volunteer force of the United States Army for the years 1861, '62, '63, '64, '65 volume 7 reprint Gaithersburg, Maryland: Olde Soldier Books, 1987 incudes officers from Missouri, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, California, Kansas, Oregon, Nevada Regiments FamilySearch Digital Library

Records

Service Records

An index to the Kansas Adjutant General's Report, 1861-1865, is on the Kansas Historical Society website (free search). The index gives name, regiment, company, and place of residence with occasional notes. This index is mostly about volunteer regiments. It does NOT include all Kansans who served in the Civil War; in particular, the index does not include the Kansas State Militia.

The Adjutant General's Report, 1861-1865, lists the names of all troops who served in the Kansas volunteer regiments during the Civil War. It also includes each soldier's rank, the place and date of enlistment, his discharge date, and notes about promotions, prisoner of war status, and other events. If a soldier died on active duty, the place, date, and cause of death are listed.

See Report of the Adjutant General of the State of Kansas, Vol. 1. - 1861-1865 and Vol. 1 Reprint. A film copy is also available through interlibrary loan from the Kansas Historical Society [microfilm reel LM 977].

The compiled service records of Kansas soldiers have not been microfilmed and are only available from the National Archives. For more information see Union Service Records See also United States, National Archives, Compiled Military Service Records Sources Civil War: Kansas

Officers from Kansas

For a list of officers commissioned by the President see here.

For a list of officers from Kansas commissioned in Regiments not belonging to the State see here.

Civil War Pension Index Cards

An Index to Pension Applications of veterans who served in the US Army between 1861-1917 is available on FamilySearch. Each card gives the soldier’s name, application and certificate numbers, state of enlistment, and might include rank and death information. The majority of the records are of Civil War veterans, but the collection also includes records for veterans of the Spanish-American War, the Philippine Insurrection, the Indian Wars, and World War I. For more information see Union Pension Records.

Other Sources

  • Daughters of the American Revolution (Kansas). Genealogical material from Kansas State D.A.R. (source material). (Genealogical material from Kansas State D.A.R. (source material)) FS Library 851235 Item 4
  • Decker, Eugene Donald. A selected, annotated bibliography of sources in the Kansas State Historical Society pertaining to Kansas in the Civil War Emporia, Kansas :Kansas State Teachers College, 1961. FS Library DGS 9020899;

Grand Army of the Republic (GAR)

Grand Army of the Republic founded in 1866 - 1956, was the largest veteran’s organization in the country after the Civil War. It was a fraternal organization members were veterans of the Union Army, US Navy, Marines and Revenue Cutler Service who served in the American Civil War. The group supported voting rights for black veterans, and lobbied the U.S. Congress to establish veterans' pensions. In 1890 the membership was 490,000.

In 1888 there were 433 posts and 17,310 members in the state of Kansas

GAR Posts in the State of Kansas

The FamilySearch Catalog:

Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War

With the death of the last member of the Grand Army of the Republic the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War was formed.


References

  1. ↑ Wikipedia contributors, Bleeding Kansas, (accessed 26 July 2011).
  2. ↑ Wikipedia contributors. Kansas in the American Civil War, (accessed 26 July 2011).


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