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The following published works include information useful for tracing Syrian tribal lineages. These works include lineages, tribal history, biographies of prominent individuals, poetry, or encyclopedic entries of tribes and their sub-divisions. | The following published works include information useful for tracing Syrian tribal lineages. These works include lineages, tribal history, biographies of prominent individuals, poetry, or encyclopedic entries of tribes and their sub-divisions. | ||
===Online Resources=== | ===Online Resources=== | ||
*''Al-Ghanama clans in the Middle Euphrates'' by Charles, Henri; French Institute for Arab Studies in Damascus. Damascus, Syria:al-Maʻhad al-Faransī lil-Dirāsāt al-ʻArabīyah bi-Dimashq, 1997. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|938322}} | |||
**"عشائر الغنامة في الفرات الأوسط /'' معهد الفرنسي للدراسات العربية بدمشق | |||
* [https://shamela.ws/category/27 Al-Maktabah al-Shamilah (The Comprehensive Library) - Genealogy Category (Arabic)] - catalogue of Arabic books on genealogy with detailed descriptions; books not accessible directly on website | * [https://shamela.ws/category/27 Al-Maktabah al-Shamilah (The Comprehensive Library) - Genealogy Category (Arabic)] - catalogue of Arabic books on genealogy with detailed descriptions; books not accessible directly on website | ||
* [https://www.familysearch.org/en/library/MENA/syria-books Arab Genealogy Books Online] at FamilySearch Library; open access collection of Arabic genealogy books that have been digitized and can be browsed by country/region. They contain valuable information about tribal histories and family lineages. | |||
* ''The Arab Tribes: Their Historical Origins and Roots (in Arabic)'', by Jamal Mashari al-Rafdi. '''''Online at''''': [https://archive.org/details/20240502_20240502_1126/page/n1/mode/2up Archive.org]. | |||
**''القبائل العربية: أصولها جذورها التاريخية''، جمال بن مشاري الرفدي. | |||
*''Arabs of Bahrain: A History of the Local States of the Bani Uqayl in the Gulf and Eastern Arabia'' by Khalil, Muhammad Mahmoud. Cairo, Egypt:Maktabat al-Thaqāfah al-Dīnīyah, 2007. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|932296}} | |||
**"عرب البحرين : تاريخ الدويلات المحلية لبني عقيل في الخليج وشرق الجزيرة العربية /'' خليل، محمد محمود | |||
*''Banu Jama'a (the groups): lineage and notables'' by Collective, Ahmed Othman Rafah. Amman, Jordan:Dar Al-Awam for Publishing and Distribution: Dar Al-Farqad for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, 2020. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|932064}} | |||
**"بنو جماعة (الجماعات) : نسب واعلام /'' الجماعي، احمد عثمان رفة | |||
*''Banu Wa'il in History: A Comprehensive Historical Study of the Genealogy of the Current Anza Tribe and Its Relationship to the Famous Wa'il Rabi'ah'' by Al-Ruwaili, Muhammad ibn Abdullah. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia:Maktabat al-Tawbah, 2007. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|939941}} | |||
**"بنو وائل في التاريخ : دراسة تاريخية شاملة في نسب قبيلة عنزة الحالية و علاقتها بوائل ربيعة الشهير /'' الرويلي ، محمد بن عبد الله | |||
*''Bloody Hauran: A general study of the history of its people, their lineage, customs, beliefs, monuments, wars, and their geniuses who have emigrated from us, and a study of the Jabal al-Druze revolution and the lineage of its inhabitants, detailing their tribes and customs, and the reasons for the transformation of their national revolution into a general war between Syria and the colonial state, and completing the investigations of its important events, unveiling the curtain on the secrets of the mysterious, publishing its dangerous documents, and mentioning the secret scientific negotiations and the explosion of the intellectual revolution in parts of the world'' by Abu Rashid, Hanna. Damascus, Syria:Dar al-Earab Lilnashr, 2016. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|935320}} | |||
**"حوران الدامية : بحث عام، في تاريخ شعوبها، ونسبهم، وعاداتهم، واعتقاداتهم، واثارهم، وحروبهم، ونوابغهم النازحين عنا وبحث عن ثورة جبل الدروز ونسب سكانه القاطنين به، وتفصيل عشايرهم وعادتهم، واسباب انقلاب ثورتهم القومية الى حرب عامة بين سورية ودولة الاستعمار، واسيفاء مباحث وقايعها المهمة، وكشف الستار عن اسرار الغامضة، ونشر وثايقها الخطيرة، وذكر المفاوضات العلمية السرية وانفجار الثورة الفكرية في انحاء العالم /'' ابو راشد، حنا، | |||
*''From the genealogies of the pure Arabs: the Jabour and Zubaydi Qahtaini tribes and their ancestor Sultan Jabr Qahtaini'' by Maslat, Saleh Hawash. Damascus, Syria:Dār ʻAlāʼ al-Dīn, 2007. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|936632}} | |||
**"من أنساب العرب العاربة : قبائل الجبور والزبيدية القحطانية وجدهم السلطان جبر القحطاني'' مسلط، صالح هواش | |||
* [https://olomlnassb.blogspot.com/ Genealogical Science Library (Arabic - <big>مكتبة علوم النسب</big>)] - digital catalogue of Arabic books on family and tribal genealogies; open source books are linked and accessible | * [https://olomlnassb.blogspot.com/ Genealogical Science Library (Arabic - <big>مكتبة علوم النسب</big>)] - digital catalogue of Arabic books on family and tribal genealogies; open source books are linked and accessible | ||
**Email: [mailto:Olomanasb@gmail.com olomanasb@gmail.com] | **Email: [mailto:Olomanasb@gmail.com olomanasb@gmail.com] | ||
* ''The Arab Tribes: | *''The history of the tribe of Ould Ali and its contemporary reality in the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant desert'' by My passengers, Naif. Beirut, Lebanon:al-Dār al-ʻArabīyah lil-Mawsūʻāt, 2021. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|937238}} | ||
**'' | **"تاريخ قبيلة ولد علي وواقعها المعاصر في الجزيرة العربية وبادية الشام /'' ركابي، نايف | ||
*''The Kalbids and their role in the Arab presence throughout history'' by Attar, Adnan. Damascus, Syria:Dar Al-Awam for Publishing and Distribution: Dar Al-Farqad for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, 2007. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|932113}} | |||
**"الكلبيون ودورهم في الوجود العربي خلال التاريخ /'' العطار، عدنان | |||
*''Levant Clans'' by Zakaria, Ahmed Wasfi . Damascus, Syria:Dar Al-Fikr, 2020. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|927915}} | |||
**"عشائر الشام /'' زكريا، أحمد وصفي | |||
*''The Nour clans in the Levant: Al-Qarbat, Al-Qarj, Al-Tabbala, Al-Riyas, Al-Hajjiyyat...: A field anthropological study'' by Jabawi, Ali Abdullah. Damascus, Syria:al-Takwīn, 2006. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|932127}} | |||
**''عشائر النور في بلاد الشام : القرباط، القرج، الطبالة، الرياس، الحجيات ... : دراسة أنتروبولوجية ميدانية /'' جباوي ، علي عبد الله | |||
*''Tigris and Euphrates tribes'' by Kaabi, Ali Saleh. Beirut, Lebanon:Dar Al Rafidain for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, 2013. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|937205}} | |||
**''عشائر دجلة و الفرات /'' كعبي، علي صالح،, | |||
*''Tribes of the desert of Aleppo and Hama'' by Mustafa, Turki Farhan. Damascus, Syria:Damascus University, 2005. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|932118}} | |||
**''قبائل بادية حلب وحماة /'' مصطفى، تركي فرحان | |||
*''ʻAshāʼir al-ʻIrāq v.1'' by ʻAzzāwī, ʻAbbās. Baghdād:Matbaʻat Baghdād, 1937-1956. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/princeton_aco002354 New York University]; Early 20th century encyclopedia of Arab and Kurdish tribes, Bedouin and rural, in Iraq, with some extending into Syria. | |||
**.عشائر العراق الجزء الأول .عباس العزاوي بغداد:مطبعة بغداد، 1956-1937 | |||
*''ʻAshāʼir al-ʻIrāq v.2'' by ʻAzzāwī, ʻAbbās. Baghdād:Matbaʻat Baghdād, 1937-1956. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/princeton_aco002165 New York University]; Early 20th century encyclopedia of Arab and Kurdish tribes, Bedouin and rural, in Iraq, with some extending into Syria. | |||
**.عشائر العراق الجزء الثاني .عباس العزاوي بغداد:مطبعة بغداد، 1956-1937 | |||
*''ʻAshāʼir al-ʻIrāq v.3'' by ʻAzzāwī, ʻAbbās. Baghdād:Matbaʻat Baghdād, 1937-1956. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/princeton_aco002158 New York University]; Early 20th century encyclopedia of Arab and Kurdish tribes, Bedouin and rural, in Iraq, with some extending into Syria. | |||
**.عشائر العراق الجزء الثالث .عباس العزاوي بغداد:مطبعة بغداد، 1956-1937 | |||
*''ʻAshāʼir al-ʻIrāq v.4'' by ʻAzzāwī, ʻAbbās. Baghdād:Matbaʻat Baghdād, 1937-1956. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/princeton_aco002157 New York University]; Early 20th century encyclopedia of Arab and Kurdish tribes, Bedouin and rural, in Iraq, with some extending into Syria. | |||
**.عشائر العراق الجزء الرابع .عباس العزاوي بغداد:مطبعة بغداد، 1956-1937 | |||
*''Anṭākīyah al-Urthūdhuksīyah, aw, tārīkh al-Ābā’ Baṭāriqat Anṭākiyah'' by Burayk, Mīkhāʼīl. al-Qāhirah:al-Maṭba‘ah al-Tijārīyah, 1903. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/aub_aco000353 New York University]; History of the Patriarchs of Antioch. | |||
**.انطاكية الارثوذكسية، أو تاريخ الآباء بطارقة انطاكية .مخائيل بريك القاهرة:المطبعة التجارية، 1903 | |||
*''Umarāʼ Ghassān lil-mustashriq Thīyūdūr Nūldikih'' by Nöldeke, Theodor. Bayrūt:al-Jāmi‘ah al-Amīrikīyah fī Bayrūt, Kullīyat al-‘Ulūm wa-al-Ādāb, 1933. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/aub_aco002074 New York University]; History and Lineage of the Ghassanids. | |||
**.أمراء غسان للمستشرق ثيودور نولدكه .ثيودور نولدكه بيروت:الجامعة الأميركية في بيروت، كلية العلوم والآداب، 1933 | |||
*''al- Badw wa-al-ʻashāʼir fī al-bilād al-ʻArabīyah'' by Ṭāhir, ʻAbd al-Jalīl. Cairo:Jāmiʻat al-Duwal al-ʻArabīyah, Maʻhad al-Dirāsāt al-ʻArabīyah al-ʻĀlīyah, 1955. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/auc_aco000389 New York University]; Overview of Arab Bedouin and clans | |||
**.البدو والعشائر في البلاد العربية .عبد الجليل طاهر [القاهرة]:جامعة الدول العربية، معهد الدراسات العربية العالية، 1955 | |||
*''Muʻjam qabāʼil al-ʻArab al-qadīmah wa-al-ḥadīthah v.1'' by Kaḥḥālah, ʻUmar Riḍā. Dimashq:al-Maktabah al-Hāshimīyah, 1949. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/aub_aco003046 New York University]; Encyclopedia of Arab tribes | |||
**.معجم قبائل العرب القديمة والحديثة الجزء الأول .عمر رضا كحالة دمشق:المكتبة الهاشمية ,1949 | |||
*''Muʻjam qabāʼil al-ʻArab al-qadīmah wa-al-ḥadīthah v.2'' by Kaḥḥālah, ʻUmar Riḍā. Dimashq:al-Maktabah al-Hāshimīyah, 1949. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/aub_aco003047 New York University]; Encyclopedia of Arab tribes | |||
**.معجم قبائل العرب القديمة والحديثة الجزء الثاني .عمر رضا كحالة دمشق:المكتبة الهاشمية ,1949 | |||
*''Muʻjam qabāʼil al-ʻArab al-qadīmah wa-al-ḥadīthah v.3'' by Kaḥḥālah, ʻUmar Riḍā. Dimashq:al-Maktabah al-Hāshimīyah, 1949. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/aub_aco003048 New York University]; Encyclopedia of Arab tribes | |||
**.معجم قبائل العرب القديمة والحديثة الجزء الثالث .عمر رضا كحالة دمشق:المكتبة الهاشمية ,1949 | |||
*''Sabāʼik al-dhahab fī maʻrifat qabāʼil al-ʻArab'' by Suwaydī, Muḥammad Amīn. Qum:al-Maktabah al-ʻIlmīyah, 198-. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/columbia_aco002259 New York University]; Overview of Arab tribes | |||
**.سبائك الذهب في معرفة قبائل العرب .محمد أمين سويدي قم:المكتبة العلمية، 198- | |||
*''Nihāyat al-arab fī maʻrifat ansāb al-ʻarab'' by Qalqashandī, Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd Allāh. Baghdād:Maṭbaʻat al-Najāḥ, 1958. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/columbia_aco000445 New York University]; Important classical text detailing the histories and genealogies of major Arab tribes | |||
**. | |||
*''Kitāb nasab Quraysh'' by Zubayrī, Muṣʻab ibn ʻAbd Allāh. al-Qāhirah:Dār al-Maʻārif lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr, 1953. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/nyu_aco001366 New York University]; Classical genealogy of the Quraysh tribe, the tribe of the Prophet Muhammad | |||
**.كتاب نسب قريش .المصعب بن عبد الله الزبيري [القاهرة]:دار المعارف ,1953نهاية الأرب في معرفة أنساب العرب .أحمد بن عبد الله القلقشندي بغداد:مطبعة النجاح ,1958 | |||
===Print Publications=== | ===Print Publications=== | ||
==== Arabic ==== | ==== Arabic ==== | ||
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In the Middle East and North Africa, the term "tribe" refers to large collection of inter-related families that can trace their lineage back to a common ancestor; although, as is discussed in greater detail below, a shared ancestry is not always necessary for a family to join a tribe. It is typically used as a translation for the Arabic word "<big>قَبيلة</big>" (qabīlah), although in the Research Wiki "tribe" is also used for other Arabic terms. Tribes in the region can number in the hundreds to tens of thousands; some are relatively localized, while others are stretched or scattered over vast areas. Tribes are often divided into increasingly smaller kinship groups, including "<big>بَطْن</big>" (baṭn), "<big>فَخْذ</big>" (fakhth), and "<big>عَشيرة</big>" (ʿashīrah). The latter is translated in the Wiki as "clan". | In the Middle East and North Africa, the term "tribe" refers to large collection of inter-related families that can trace their lineage back to a common ancestor; although, as is discussed in greater detail below, a shared ancestry is not always necessary for a family to join a tribe. It is typically used as a translation for the Arabic word "<big>قَبيلة</big>" (qabīlah), although in the Research Wiki "tribe" is also used for other Arabic terms. Tribes in the region can number in the hundreds to tens of thousands; some are relatively localized, while others are stretched or scattered over vast areas. Tribes are often divided into increasingly smaller kinship groups, including "<big>بَطْن</big>" (baṭn), "<big>فَخْذ</big>" (fakhth), and "<big>عَشيرة</big>" (ʿashīrah). The latter is translated in the Wiki as "clan". | ||
The importance of tribes in Syria varies according to region and ethnic group. Some prominent Arab Syrian tribes include the Shammar (<big>شمر</big>), Jubur (<big>جبور</big>), Tayy (<big>طي</big>), Bakara (<big>البقارة</big>), | The importance of tribes in Syria varies according to region and ethnic group. Some prominent Arab Syrian tribes include the Shammar (<big>شمر</big>), Jubur (<big>جبور</big>), Tayy (<big>طي</big>), Bakara (<big>البقارة</big>), Anizah (<big>عنزة</big>), al-Na'im (<big>النعيم</big>), Mawali (<big>موالي</big>), and al-Hadidi (<big>الحديدي</big>)<ref>Hussain, Akil, "Analysis: Division Defines Syria's Tribes and Clans," ''The New Humanitarian,'' https://deeply.thenewhumanitarian.org/syria/articles/2018/01/16/analysis-division-defines-syrias-tribes-and-clans, accessed 8 October 2024.</ref>. | ||
Tradition holds that all Arab tribes trace their lineage to two primary ancestors: Qahtan (<big>قحطان</big>), progenitor of the "pure" Arabs originating from modern Yemen, and Adnan (<big>عدنان</big>), ancestor of the "Arabicized" Arabs and a descendent of Abraham's son Ishmael.<ref name=":0">"People of Arabia," ''Britannica'', https://www.britannica.com/place/Arabia-peninsula-Asia/People, accessed 5 September 2024.</ref> | Tradition holds that all Arab tribes trace their lineage to two primary ancestors: Qahtan (<big>قحطان</big>), progenitor of the "pure" Arabs originating from modern Yemen, and Adnan (<big>عدنان</big>), ancestor of the "Arabicized" Arabs and a descendent of Abraham's son Ishmael.<ref name=":0">"People of Arabia," ''Britannica'', https://www.britannica.com/place/Arabia-peninsula-Asia/People, accessed 5 September 2024.</ref> | ||
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