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== History  ==
{{Inok}}


==== Brief Timeline ====


==== Brief History ====
Guide to '''{{PAGENAME}} ancestry, family history and genealogy:''' birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, parish registers, and other agency records.
 
=== Ottawa Tribes ===
 
'''Ancestral Homeland: '''Georgia Bay, Lake Huron, Ontario, Lake Superior, Lake Michigan
 
'''Various spellings:''' Ottawa, Ottowa, Ottoway, Odawa, Tawas
 
<br>
 
[[Image:Ottawa Indian-Bandera Ottawa nation.png|right|400px|Ottawa Indian-Bandera Ottawa nation.png]]
 
The [[Chippewa Indians|Chippewa,]] [[Potawatomi Indians|Potawatomi]] and the Ottawa formed the Council of Three Fires.
 
They were part of the Great Huron Trade.
 
There are four federally recognized tribes of Ottawa. Depending on which tribe your ancestor is descended from, you may need to contact all four tribal headquarters to research your family history as they all maintain separate records.<br>
 
==== Tribal Headquarters  ====
 
Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa Chippewa Indians<br>2605 N West Bay Shore Dr <br>Peshawbestown, MI 49682-9275 <br>Phone: 1-866-534-7750 or 231-534-7750 <br>[http://www.gtbindians.org/ Website] <br><br>
Little River Band of the Ottawa <br>375 River Street<br>Manistee, MI 49660<br>Phone: 231-723-8288 or toll free: 1-888-723-8288<br>[https://lrboi-nsn.gov/ Website]<br><br>
Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians<br>7500 Odawa Circle<br>Harbor Springs, MI 49740<br>Phone: 231-242-1400 or toll free: 1-866-652-5822<br>[http://www.ltbbodawa-nsn.gov Website]<br><br>
Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma<br>13 S. 69 A <br>Miami, OK 74354 <br>Phone: 1-918-540-1536<br>Email: [mailto:adawe.oto@gmail.com adawe.oto@gmail.com]<br>[https://ottawatribe.gov/ Website]<br><br>
 
Population: 1984: 2,000 Total enrollment. <ref>Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. FS Library book 970.1 In2 page 234  </ref>
 
==== History ====


The history of the Ottawa Indians places them, at the first contact with Europeans, in what was to become Ontario, Canada in the 1600s. They are usually associated with Manitoulin Island and the shores of Georgian Bay in Lake Huron, in what is now the Province of Ontario<ref>History of the Ottawa Tribe from the Handbook of American Indians by Frederick Webb Hodge [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ottawa/ottawahist.htm Available online]</ref>.  
The history of the Ottawa Indians places them, at the first contact with Europeans, in what was to become Ontario, Canada in the 1600s. They are usually associated with Manitoulin Island and the shores of Georgian Bay in Lake Huron, in what is now the Province of Ontario<ref>History of the Ottawa Tribe from the Handbook of American Indians by Frederick Webb Hodge [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ottawa/ottawahist.htm Available online]</ref>.  


Many of the Ottawa migrated south and west and settled in what became Michigan in the 1700s and by the early 1800s the Three Fires Confederacy (which include the Ottawa, Chippewa, and Potawatomi) occupied much of that area. In 1836, the Ottawa ceded nearly two-thirds of their land to the United States and in 1837, Michigan was created from that cession.  
Many of the Ottawa migrated south and west and settled in what became Michigan in the 1700s and by the early 1800s the Three Fires Confederacy (which include the Ottawa, [[Chippewa Indians|Chippewa]], and [[Potawatomi Indians|Potawatomi]]) occupied much of that area. In 1836, the Ottawa ceded nearly two-thirds of their land to the United States and in 1837, Michigan was created from that cession.  
 
In 1855, the Ottawa signed another treaty with the U.S. government at which time reserves were created in [[Leelanau County, Michigan Genealogy|Leelanau]] and [[Antrim County, Michigan Genealogy|Antrim]] Counties. The Bureau of Indian Affairs considered the tribe "terminated" with the signing of that treaty and they were not considered an official tribe from 1855 to 1980. After several petitions for recognition over nearly 50 years, the Bureau of Indian Affairs again officially recognized the tribe in 1980.<ref>"History of the Ottawa Tribe", Grand Traverse Band website http://www.gtbindians.org/.</ref> Other groups of Ottawa were re-recognized in 1994.<br>
 
Another group of Ottawa Indians lived in northwestern [[Indians of Ohio|Ohio]] and participated in the [[Beginning US War of 1812 Research|War of 1812]] under the leadership of Pontiac, who was a well-known chief of the tribe. They were a party to the Treaty of Greenville, signed on August 3, 1795 in Indiana.<ref>The Treaty of Greenville, as it appears in The Laws of the United States, printed by Richard Folwell, Philadelphia, 1796,  http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/greenville/.</ref> Some members of this part of the Ottawa Nation were removed to [[Indians of Kansas|Kansas]] and later to Oklahoma.<ref>"Our History", Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma, https://www.ottawatribe.gov/history, accessed 17 May 2025.</ref>
 
===== Brief Histories =====


In 1855, the Ottawa signed another treaty with the U.S. government at which time reserves were created in [[Leelanau County, Michigan|Leelanau]] and [[Antrim County, Michigan|Antrim]] Counties. The Bureau of Indian Affairs considered the tribe "terminated" with the signing of that treaty and they were not considered an official tribe from 1855 to 1980. After several petitions for recognition over nearly 50 years, the Bureau of Indian Affairs again officially recognized the tribe in 1980<ref>History of the Ottawa Tribe from the Grand Traverse Band web site [http://www.gtbindians.org/history.html Available online]</ref>.
*'''[http://www.tolatsga.org/otta.html Ottawa History]'''
*'''[https://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/ottawa-tribe.htm Ottawa Tribe]'''
*'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odawa Odawa]'''


Another group of Ottawa Indians lived in northwestern Ohio and participated in the War of 1812 under the leadership of Pontiac, who was a well-known chief of the tribe. They were a party to the Treaty of Greenville, signed on August 3, 1795 in Indiana<ref>The Treaty of Greenville, as it appears in The Laws of the United States, printed by Richard Folwell, Philadelphia, 1796 [http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/greenville/ Available online].</ref>. Some members of this part of the Ottawa Nation were removed to Kansas and later to Oklahoma<ref>"Ottawa Indians", Ohio History Central, July 1, 2005, http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=614</ref>.
===== Additional References to the History of the Tribe  =====


==== Reservations ====
Andrew J. Blackbird. History of the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan. Ypsilanti, MI 1887. {{FSC|52238|item|disp=FS Library Book 970.1 B562h }} or FS Library film 1011853 Item; or [http://www.nanations.com/ottawachippewa/index.htm Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan]


==== Additional References to the History of the Tribe ====
Cash, Joseph H. and Gerald W. Wolff. ''The Ottawa People''. Indian Tribal Series, Phoenix, 1976. WorldCat 2716074. Out of print.


== Tribal Headquarters  ==
Theodore Karamanski. ''Blackbird's Song'' East Lansing, MI, Michigan State University Press, 2012.


Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa &amp; Chippewa Indians<br> 2605 N West Bay Shore Dr <br> Peshawbestown MI 49682-9275 <br> (866) 534-7750 <br> (231) 534-7750 <br>
Thomas Guthrie Marquis. The War Chief of the Ottawas: A Chronicle of the Pontiac War. Toronto, Glasgow, Brook, 1920 {{FSC|166225|item|disp=FS Library Book 979.1H2cc vol l5}} (Chronicles of Canada: Vol 15)  


Little River Band of the Ottawa <br> 375 River Street<br> Manistee, MI 49660<br> Phone: 231-723-8288<br> Toll Free: 1-888-723-8288<br> Fax: 231-723-8020<br>
==== Brief Timeline  ====


== Records  ==
*1600: In the Great Lakes area - Lake Huron
*1660: Defeated by the [[Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy|Iroquois]] who disrupted trade
*1689-1763: [[French and Indian War, 1754-1763|French and Indian Wars]] (French and Algonquian tribes against English and Iroquois)
*1763: Treaty of Paris
*1763: Pontiac's Rebellion; tried to drive the British from the Great Lakes. About 2,000 settlers died during the rebellion. Many British forts surrendered; Fort Detroit and Fort Pitt did not. Fort Pitt under Lord Jeffery Amherst's suggestion, sent out smallpox-infected blankets starting an epidemic among the Indians
*1831: Land cessions
*1837: Census (M1831)
*1837-47: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[Council Bluffs Subagency (Iowa)|Council Bluff Agency]]
*1837-51: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[Osage River Indian Agency (Kansas)|Osage River Agency]]
*1851-63: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[Sac and Fox Indian Agency (Iowa)|Sac and Fox Agency]]
*1831-1867: The tribe lived in [[Indians of Kansas|Kansas ]]
*1863-73: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[Ottawa Indian Agency (Kansas)|Ottawa Agency]]
*1867-1870: Removed to Indian Territory - Oklahoma; some live in [[First Nations of Ontario|Ontario]] - Manitoulin Island and Cockburn Island
*1867-80: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[Neosho Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Neosho Agency]]
*1871-80: Tribe under the jurisdiction of the [[Quapaw Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Quapaw Agency]]
*1959: Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma terminated, Tribal membership 630, Tribal land (Acres) 0 (*1956 is the year given in the history of the Ottawa of Oklahoma's web site which coincides with a roll of blood members of the tribe
*1979: Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma reestablished as a federally recognized government when the Ottawa Council and the U.S. Congress ratified the Constitution.
*1980: [[Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, Michigan|Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and]] Chippewa Indians re-recognized by the federal government
*1994: [[Little River Band of Ottawa Indians, Michigan|Little River Band of Ottawa]] Indians and Little Tranverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians are both re-recognized by the federal government<br>


Some early records of members of the Ottawa Tribe are included in the [http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html#75.19.55 records of the Mackinac Agency] now in the Great Lakes Regional Archives of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) in Chicago<ref>Guide to Federal Records, Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Record Group 75. [http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html Available online].</ref>.
=== Reservations  ===
 
From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.
 
Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.
 
The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.
 
The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/il.pdf Available online.]</ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.(FS Library book {{FSC|433280|title-id|disp=973 E5}})</ref>, and other sources. There are no current federally-recognized reservations in Illinois.
 
=== Agencies  ===
 
[[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|Agencies]] and subagencies were created as administrative offices of the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices.
 
The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Illinois has been compiled from Hill's ''Office of Indian Affairs...''<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (FamilySearch Library {{FSC|247426|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551o}}.)</ref>, Hill's ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians''<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FS Library {{FSC|207428|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551g}}.)</ref>, and others.
 
<br>The following agencies had jurisdiction over the Ottawa Indians
 
While the tribe was located in the East:
 
*[[Green Bay Indian Agency (Wisconsin)|Green Bay]], [[Ohio Indian Agency|Ohio]], [[Chicago Indian Agency (Illinois)|Chicago]], [[Mackinac Indian Agency (Michigan)|Mackinac]],[[Sault Ste. Marie Indian Agency (Michigan)|Sault Ste. Marie agencies]],and the Subagency of [[Saginaw Indian Subagency (Michigan)|Saginaw]]
 
When located in Iowa
 
*[[Council Bluffs Indian Agency (Nebraska)|Council Bluff Agency]]
 
When located in Kansas
 
*[[Osage River Indian Agency (Kansas)|Osage River]], [[Sac and Fox Indian Agency (Iowa)|Sac and Fox]]. [[Ottawa Indian Agency (Kansas)|Ottawa]] agencies
 
When located in Indian Territory
 
*[[Neosho Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Neosho]], and [[Quapaw Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Quapaw]] Agencies
 
==== Superintendencies  ====
 
[[Michigan Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Michigan]], [[St. Louis Superintendency of Indian Affairs|St. Louis]], and [[Central Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Centralsuperintendencies]]
 
=== Records  ===
 
The '''majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies'''. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters. They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:<br>
 
*[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment records]]
*[[American Indian Annuity Rolls|Annuity rolls]]
*[[American Indian Census Rolls|Census records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Correspondence]]
*[[American Indian Health Records|Health records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Reports]]
*[[American Indian School Records|School census and records]]
*[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital records]]
 
Some early records of members of the Ottawa Tribe are included in the [http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html#75.19.55 records of the Mackinac Agency] now in the Great Lakes Regional Archives of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) in Chicago.<ref>Guide to Federal Records, Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Record Group 75, http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html</ref>  


Since the tribe was not officially recognized for over 100 years, some documents pertaining to those with Ottawa blood are a part of the county records where they resided.  
Since the tribe was not officially recognized for over 100 years, some documents pertaining to those with Ottawa blood are a part of the county records where they resided.  
Line 31: Line 134:
The following records of the Ottawa have been transcribed and are available online:  
The following records of the Ottawa have been transcribed and are available online:  


*[http://www.grboi.com/archive/pdf/1836mb.pdf 1836 census] of Mixed-Blood Ottawas and Chippewas of Michigan
*[http://www.mainlymichigan.com/nativedata/1836OttChipCensus/1836OttChipp-index.aspx 1836 census] of Mixed-Blood Ottawas and Chippewas of Michigan
 
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=8gwmAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA259 1853 annuity] paid to heads of families and individuals of the Ottawa Tribe at the [[Michigan Indian Agency|Michigan Agency]]
 
*[http://www.mainlymichigan.com/nativedata/DurantRoll/FullCensus.aspx '''1908 census roll''']'''of persons and their descendants who were on the roll of the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians in 1870 and who were living on March 4, 1907, as enumerated by Horace B. Durant.''' It is also called the "Durant Roll." It is used as a primary source to establish the membership of the Grand Traverse Bay Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians and that of the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa. [http://www.mainlymichigan.com/nativedata/DurantRoll/Default.aspx A searchable online version of the "Durant Roll" is available here.]
 
*[http://www.mainlymichigan.com/nativedata/DurantRoll/FullCensus.aspx Additions to the Durant Roll]
 
==== Correspondence and Census  ====
 
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
|-
! scope="col" | Tribe
! scope="col" | Agency
! scope="col" | Location of Original Records
! scope="col" |
Pre-1880 Correspondence
 
M234 RG 75 Rolls 962
 
Roll Number
 
! scope="col" |
FS Library
 
Film
 
Number
 
! scope="col" |
Post-1885 Census
 
M595 RG 75 Rolls 693
 
! scope="col" |
FS Library
 
Film
 
Number
 
<br>
 
|-
| Ottawa
| Mackinac Agency, 1903-27
| Chicago
| -
| -
| -
| FS Library Film: 579663
|-
| Ottawa
| Miami (Quapaw) Agency, Oklahoma, 1870-
| Washington D.C. and Fort Worth
| Rolls 703-13
| -
| Rolls 410-16
| FS Library Films: 581405-581410
|-
| Ottawa
| Seneca Agency, 1901-7, 1910-21
| Washington D.C.
| -
| -
| Rolls 487-89
| FS Library Films: 581498-581499
|-
| Ottawa, East
| Green Bay and Chicago, 1824-1961
| Washington D.C. and Chicago
| Rolls 132-34, 315-36
| -
| -
| FS Library Films: 576861-576863
|-
| Ottawa, Iowa
| Council Bluffs Agency, 1837-47
| Washington D.C.
| Rolls 215-18
| -
| -
| -
|-
| Ottawa, Kansas
| Osage River Agency, 1837-51
| Washington D.C.
| Rolls 642-51
| -
| -
| -
|-
| Ottawa, Kansas
| Sac and Fox Agency, 1851-63
| Washington D.C. and Chicago
| Rolls 733-44
| -
| -
| -
|-
| Ottawa, Kansas
|
Ottawa Agency,1863-73
 
| Washington D.C.
| Rolls 656-58
| -
| -
| -
|-
| Ottawa, Indian Terr.
| Neosho Agency, 1867-71
| Washington D.C.
| Rolls 530-37
| -
| -
| -
|}
 
==== Census Records<br>  ====
 
1836 census - 6th article of 1836 Treaty of of men, women and children {{FSC|49378|item|disp=FS Library Film: 982330}} Item 4 or FS Library Book: Q 970.1 Al #4
 
==== Land and Property  ====
 
Tribally owned land: 40.28 acres. <ref>Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. FS Library book 970.1 In2 page 234 </ref>
 
==== Treaties  ====
 
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0006.htm 1785] January 21, at Fort McIntosh,with the Wyandot, Etc.,
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0018.htm 1789] January 9, at Fort Harmar, with the Wyandot, Etc.,
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0039.htm 1795] August 3, at Greenville with the Wyandot, Etc.,
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0077.htm 1805] July 4, at Fort Industry with the Wyandot, Etc.,
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0092.htm 1807] November 17, at Detroit with the Ottawa, Etc.,
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0099.htm 1808] November 25, at Brownstown, with the Chippewa, Etc.,
*1814 July 22, at Greenville
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0117.htm 1815] September 8, at Spring Wells,with the Wyandot, Etc.,
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0132.htm 1816] August 24, at St. Louis, with the Ottawa,Etc.,
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0145.htm 1817] September 29, on the Miami, with the Wyan
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/wya0162.htm 1818] September 17, at St. Mary's with the Wyandot, Etc.,
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0188.htm 1820] July 6, at L'Arbre Croche and Michilimackinac, with the Ottawa and Chippewa,
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0198.htm 1821] August 29, at Chicago, with the Ottawa
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0250.htm 1825] August 19, at Prairie du Chien,with the Sioux
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/win0292.htm 1828] August 25, at Green Bay with the Sioux
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0297.htm 1829] July 29, at Prairie du Chien, with the Chippewa
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0335.htm 1831] August 30, with the Ottawa
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0392.htm 1833] February 18, at Maumee
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/chi0402.htm 1833] September 26, at Chicago with Chippewa
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0450.htm 1836] March 28, at Washington, with the Ottawa
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/pot0557.htm 1846] June 5 and 17, at Council Bluffs, with the Potawatomi Nation
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0725.htm 1855] July 31, at Detroit, with the Chippewa
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/ott0830.htm 1862] June 24, at Washington, Ottawa of Blanchard's Fork and Roche De Boeuf
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sen0960.htm 1867] February 23, with Seneca, Mixed Seneca and Shawnee, Quapaw, Etc.


*[http://www.grboi.com/archive/pdf/Grand_River_allotment.pdf 1853 annuity] paid to heads of families and individuals of the Ottawa Tribe at the [[Michigan Indian Agency|Michigan Agency]]
==== Vital Records  ====


*[http://www.grboi.com/archive/pdf/Durant08.pdf 1908 census roll] of persons and their descendants who were on the roll of the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians in 1870 and who were living on March 4, 1907, as enumerated by Horace B. Durant. It is also called the Durant Roll.
*Quapaw Agency, M595,


*[http://www.grboi.com/archive/pdf/Reports.pdf Additions to the Durant Roll], 1909 and later.
**Births and deaths 1924-1932, FS Library Film: 581408


== Important Web Sites ==
==== Cemetery Records ====


History of the Tribe
*Housman, Gerald L. ''Ottawa Indian Cemetery, Ottawa County, Oklahoma, 1870-1995. Tulsa, OK: Cock-A-Hoop Pub. Bartlesville, OK: Distributed by G.L. Housman, ©1996. ''[http://www.worldcat.org/title/ottawa-indian-cemetery-ottawa-county-oklahoma-1870-1995/oclc/36008661 WorldCat 36008661]
*[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=cr&GSvcid=146089&GRid=21888260&CRid=291081& Find a Grave: Ottawa Indian Cemetery], Ottawa Indian Cemetery, Miami, Ottawa, Oklahoma


[http://www.gtbindians.org/history.html Grand Traverse Band] -- History of the Ottawa Tribe
==== Religious Records  ====


[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ottawa/ottawahist.htm Handbook of American Indians] by Frederick Webb Hodge -- History of the Ottawa Tribe
*Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians had an association with Catholic ministries, orders, churches, schools, etc. in its history. The tribe's online [http://www.ltbbodawa-nsn.gov/Arch/OurLandandCultureforweb.pdf <u>Our Land and Culture Book</u>] suggests Catholic religious records from their geographical location can be helpful in family history research.


[http://www.nanations.com/ottawas/index.htm Native American Nations] -- History and links to Ottawa History
=== Important Websites  ===


[http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=614 Ohio History Central] -- History of the Ottawa Indians in Ohio's online encyclopedia of history
==== History of the Tribe  ====


Eighteen page [https://www.lrboi-nsn.gov/docs/History%20Eras%20of%20LRBOI.pdf History of the Ottawa Tribe]  
*[http://www.gtbindians.org/history.asp Grand Traverse Band] -- History of the Ottawa Tribe
*[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ottawa/ottawahist.htm Handbook of American Indians] by Frederick Webb Hodge -- History of the Ottawa Tribe<br>
*Little River Band of Ottawa Indians [http://www.anishinaabemdaa.com/history.htm Anishinaabemdaa] -- History of the Anishinaabek People, Ancestors of the Ottawa Indians with a [http://www.anishinaabemdaa.com/timeline.htm Chronology] of important events and Federal Indian policy that seems to follow the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians<br>
*[http://www.ltbbodawa-nsn.gov/TribalHistory.html Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians] -- History of Little Traverse Bay Bands<br>
*[http://www.ltbbodawa-nsn.gov/Arch/OurLandandCultureforweb.pdf Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians Our Land and Culture Book] - Online PDF Book of History of this Group of Odawa Indians including a bibliography with sources
*[http://www.nanations.com/ottawas/index.htm Native American Nations] -- History and links to Ottawa History
*Eighteen page [https://www.lrboi-nsn.gov/docs/History%20Eras%20of%20LRBOI.pdf History of the Ottawa Tribe]  
*[http://www.ottawatribe.org/ Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma] Official Website including history (tribal library phone #918-542-6162)
*Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa_Tribe_of_Oklahoma Wikipedia]
*[http://thorpe.ou.edu/IRA/otcons.html Constitution and By-Laws] of the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma


==== Tribe and Band Government Web Sites ====
==== Tribe and Band Government Websites ====


*[http://www.gtbindians.org/contact-us.html Grand River Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians] government offices at Peshawbestown, Michigan  
*[http://www.gtbindians.org/ Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians] government offices at Peshawbestown, Michigan
*[http://www.lrboi.com/ Little River Band] at Manistee, Michigan
*[http://www.ltbbodawa-nsn.gov/ Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians] government offices at Harbor Springs, Michigan  
*[http://www.lrboi.com/ Little River Band] at Manistee, Michigan  
*[http://www.ottawatribe.org/ Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma ]at Miami, Oklahoma


== References  ==
=== References  ===


<references />  
<references />  
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*[http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives; Record Group 75], Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.  
*[http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives; Record Group 75], Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.  
*Cash, Joseph H. and Gerald W. Wolff. ''The Ottawa People''. Indian Tribal Series, Phoenix, 1976. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/ottawa-people/oclc/2716074 WorldCat 2716074]
*Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ Available online].  
*Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ Available online].  
*Klein, Barry T., ed. ''Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian''. Nyack, New York: Todd Publications, 2009. 10th ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/317923332?referer=list_view WorldCat 317923332]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=1122745&disp=Reference+encyclopedia+of+the+American+I%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 R259e].  
*Klein, Barry T., ed. ''Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian''. Nyack, New York: Todd Publications, 2009. 10th ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/317923332?referer=list_view WorldCat 317923332]; {{FSC|1122745|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 R259e}}.  
*Malinowski, Sharon and Sheets, Anna, eds. The Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1998. 4 volumes. Includes: Lists of Federally Recognized Tribes for U.S., Alaska, and Canada – pp. 513-529 Alphabetical Listing of Tribes, with reference to volume and page in this series Map of “Historic Locations of U.S. Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Canadian Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Mexican, Hawaiian and Caribbean Native Groups” Maps of “State and Federally Recognized U.S. Indian Reservations. [http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=no:037475188 WorldCat 37475188]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=831087&disp=The+Gale+encyclopedia+of+Native+American%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 G131g].
*Malinowski, Sharon and Sheets, Anna, eds. The Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1998. 4 volumes. Includes: Lists of Federally Recognized Tribes for U.S., Alaska, and Canada – pp. 513-529 Alphabetical Listing of Tribes, with reference to volume and page in this series Map of “Historic Locations of U.S. Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Canadian Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Mexican, Hawaiian and Caribbean Native Groups” Maps of “State and Federally Recognized U.S. Indian Reservations. [http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=no:037475188 WorldCat 37475188]; {{FSC|831087|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 G131g}}.


:Vol. 1 -- Northeast, Southeast, Caribbean  
:Vol. 1 -- Northeast, Southeast, Caribbean  
Line 79: Line 347:
:Volume 2 -- Indians in Contemporary Society (pub. 2008) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/234303751&referer=brief_results WorldCat 234303751]<br>  
:Volume 2 -- Indians in Contemporary Society (pub. 2008) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/234303751&referer=brief_results WorldCat 234303751]<br>  
:Volume 3 -- Environment, Origins, and Population (pub. 2006) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/255572371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 255572371]<br>  
:Volume 3 -- Environment, Origins, and Population (pub. 2006) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/255572371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 255572371]<br>  
:Volume 4 -- History of Indian-White Relations (pub. 1988) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19331914&referer=brief_results WorldCat 19331914]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.4].<br>  
:Volume 4 -- History of Indian-White Relations (pub. 1988) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19331914&referer=brief_results WorldCat 19331914]; {{FSC|248632|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H191h v.4}}.<br>  
:Volume 5 -- Arctic (pub. 1984) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/299653808&referer=brief_results WorldCat 299653808]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.5].<br>  
:Volume 5 -- Arctic (pub. 1984) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/299653808&referer=brief_results WorldCat 299653808]; {{FSC|248632|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H191h v.5}}.<br>  
:Volume 6 -- Subarctic (pub. 1981) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493742&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493742]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.6].<br>  
:Volume 6 -- Subarctic (pub. 1981) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493742&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493742]; {{FSC|248632|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H191h v.6}}.<br>  
:Volume 7 -- Northwest Coast (pub. 1990) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493311&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493311]<br>  
:Volume 7 -- Northwest Coast (pub. 1990) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493311&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493311]<br>  
:Volume 8 -- California (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13240086&referer=brief_results WorldCat 13240086]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.8].<br>  
:Volume 8 -- California (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13240086&referer=brief_results WorldCat 13240086]; {{FSC|248632|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H191h v.8}}.<br>  
:Volume 9 -- Southwest (pub. 1979) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26140053&referer=brief_results WorldCat 26140053]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.9].<br>  
:Volume 9 -- Southwest (pub. 1979) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26140053&referer=brief_results WorldCat 26140053]; {{FSC|248632|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H191h v.9}}.<br>  
:Volume 10 -- Southwest (pub. 1983) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/301504096&referer=brief_results WorldCat 301504096]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.10].  
:Volume 10 -- Southwest (pub. 1983) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/301504096&referer=brief_results WorldCat 301504096]; {{FSC|248632|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H191h v.10}}.  
:Volume 11 -- Great Basin (pub. 1986) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256516416&referer=brief_results WorldCat 256516416]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.11].<br>  
:Volume 11 -- Great Basin (pub. 1986) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256516416&referer=brief_results WorldCat 256516416]; {{FSC|248632|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H191h v.11}}.<br>  
:Volume 12 -- Plateau (pub. 1998) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39401371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 39401371]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.12].<br>  
:Volume 12 -- Plateau (pub. 1998) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39401371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 39401371]; {{FSC|248632|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H191h v.12}}.<br>  
:Volume 13 -- Plains, 2 vols. (pub. 2001) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48209643&referer=brief_results WorldCat 48209643]<br>  
:Volume 13 -- Plains, 2 vols. (pub. 2001) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48209643&referer=brief_results WorldCat 48209643]<br>  
:Volume 14 -- Southeast (pub. 2004) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/254277176&referer=brief_results WorldCat 254277176]  
:Volume 14 -- Southeast (pub. 2004) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/254277176&referer=brief_results WorldCat 254277176]  
:Volume 15 -- Northwest (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256517503&referer=brief_results WorldCat 356517503]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.15].<br>  
:Volume 15 -- Northwest (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256517503&referer=brief_results WorldCat 356517503]; {{FSC|248632|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H191h v.15}}.<br>  
:Volume 16 -- Not yet published  
:Volume 16 -- Not yet published  
:Volume 17 -- Languages (pub. 1996) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43957746&referer=brief_results WorldCat 43957746]<br>  
:Volume 17 -- Languages (pub. 1996) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43957746&referer=brief_results WorldCat 43957746]<br>  
Line 98: Line 366:


*Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indianlocation.htm Available online].  
*Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indianlocation.htm Available online].  
*Waldman, Carl. ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14718193?referer=list_view WorldCat 14718193]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=1465222&disp=Encyclopedia+of+Native+American+tribes%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 W146e 2006].
*Waldman, Carl. ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14718193?referer=list_view WorldCat 14718193]; {{FSC|1465222|title-id|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 W146e 2006}}.


[[Category:Indian_Tribes_of_the_United_States]] [[Category:Indian_Tribes_of_North_America]]
[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of the United States]]
Psleavens
Reviewer, editor, pagecreator, pagedeleter
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