Israel History: Difference between revisions

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==History==
==General History==


In its Basic Laws, Israel defines itself as a Jewish and democratic state. The country has a liberal democracy, with a parliamentary system, proportional representation, and universal suffrage. The prime minister is head of government and the Knesset is the legislature. Israel is a developed country and an Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member, with the 32nd-largest economy in the world by nominal gross domestic product  as of 2017.
Israel's history dates back thousands of years, with its earliest roots in ancient civilizations that inhabited the region. The area, known historically as Canaan, saw the rise and fall of various empires and kingdoms. Over centuries, the region has experienced significant cultural and religious developments, becoming a focal point for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.


The country benefits from a highly skilled workforce and is among the most educated countries in the world with one of the highest percentages of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree. Israel has the highest standard of living in the Middle East, and has one of the highest life expectancies in the world.
From 1517-1917, Israel was under the control of the [[Ottoman Empire Genealogy|Ottoman Empire]] as part of a broader territory known as Greater Syria (modern-day Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Israel/Palestine) with diverse cultures and ethnic groups making up its population, including Arabs, Jews, Kurds, Armenians, Turks, and others. By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the movement for the establishment of a Jewish homeland gained momentum, influenced by the broader context of nationalism and the plight of Jewish communities in Europe. This led to increased [[Israel Emigration and Immigration|Jewish immigration]] to the region. Tensions between different communities in the area grew, leading to various conflicts and negotiations. Following the decline of the Ottoman Empire and its collapse after WWI, the UN divided control of Greater Syria into European Mandates, with the British in control of Palestine in 1920.


In 1947, the United Nations adopted a Partition Plan for Palestine recommending the creation of independent Arab and Jewish states and an internationalized Jerusalem.The plan was accepted by the Jewish Agency, and rejected by Arab leaders. The following year, the Jewish Agency declared the independence of the State of Israel, and the subsequent 1948 Arab–Israeli War saw Israel's establishment over most of the former Mandate territory, while the West Bank and Gaza were held by neighboring Arab states.
In 1948, Britain ceded control of [[Palestine Genealogy|Palestine]] to the United Nations following an attempted partition plan for separate Arab and Jewish states. On May 14, 1948, Israel declared its independence and was recognized by the United Nations in 1949. The events surrounding the creation of Israel have had significant and ongoing effects in the region, including the displacement of approximately 700,000 [[Israel Emigration and Immigration#Emigration|Palestinians]]. The subsequent decades have seen numerous conflicts, peace treaties, and efforts at reconciliation, reflecting the region's intricate and multifaceted history.<ref>History of Israel, ''Wikipedia'', updated 11 November 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Israel.</ref><ref>Ochsenwald, William L. and Eliahu Elath. "Israel," in Encyclopedia Britannica, last updated 29 November, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/place/Israel.</ref><ref>''Encyclopedia of Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque: History, Monuments, Notable Places and Men'' by Drink, Mohammed Mohammed Hassan. Amman, Jordan:Al-Ahlia, 2003. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|883253}}موسوعة بيت المقدس والمسجد الأقصى : التاريخ، الآثار، أعلام الأمكنة والرجال / شراب، محمد محمد حسن</ref><ref>''The Burgenses of Jerusalem in the 12th century : a prosopography of the non-noble inhabitants of Jerusalem from 1120 to 1187'' by Tischler, Christiane, 1951-. Frankfurt am Main, Germany:Peter Lang GmbH, 2000. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|910390}}</ref><ref>''The central convent of Hospitallers and Templars : history, organization, and personnel (1099/1120-1310)'' by Burgtorf, Jochen. Leiden, Netherlands:Brill, 2008. {{FSC|4514494|item|disp=FS Catalog book 956 H2b}}</ref>


Israel has since fought several wars with Arab countries, and since the Six-Day War in 1967 held occupied territories including the West Bank, Golan Heights and the Gaza Strip although still considered occupied after the 2005 disengagement, some legal experts dispute this claim. It extended its laws to the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem, but not the West Bank.
==Timeline==
'''1516''' '''- 1917''' Palestine was conquered by the [[Ottoman Empire Genealogy|Ottoman Empire]] and it remained under Turkish rule until the end of the First World War.<br>'''1882 - 1903''' The [[Israel Emigration and Immigration#Aliyah|"First Aliyah"]] or major wave of Jews immigrated to Palestine. Jews who migrated to Ottoman Palestine in this wave came mostly from Eastern Europe and from Yemen.<br>'''1904 - 1914''' The Second Aliyah brought some 40,000 Jews to settle in Palestine.<br>
'''1917''' After the capture of Jerusalem by the British, the Balfour Declaration expressed support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine.<br>
'''1919 - 1929''' The Third and Fourth Aliyahs brought an additional 100,000 Jews to Palestine.<br>'''1947''' The United Nations proposed a plan to partition Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states, with Jerusalem as an international city. The plan was accepted by the Jewish community but rejected by the Arab states.<br>
'''1948''' Israel declares itself as an independent state.
 
'''1947 - 1949''' Hundreds of thousands of [[Israel Emigration and Immigration#Emigration|Palestinians]] were displaced as a result of the events surrounding the creation of the State of Israel.<br>
'''1949''' Israel is admitted to the United Nations.<br>
'''1950''' The Law of Return is enacted, granting [[Israel Emigration and Immigration|Jews]] the right to immigrate to Israel and gain citizenship.<br>'''1948 - 1970''' Approximately 1,150,000 [[Israel Emigration and Immigration|Jewis]]h refugees are relocated to Israel.<br>
'''1950s - 1960s''' [[Palestine Diaspora|Palestinian refugees]] settle in various countries, including Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and the Gaza Strip, often living in refugee camps under difficult conditions.<br>
'''1990 and 1994''' - Immigration from the [[Russia Emigration and Immigration#Russians in Israel|post-Soviet states]] increased Israel's population by twelve percent.
 
==References==


Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories is the world's longest military occupation in modern times. Efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have not resulted in a final peace agreement. However, peace treaties between Israel and both Egypt and Jordan have been signed.
<br>
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel]
==Timeline==
1516 - Palestine was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and it remained under Turkish rule until the end of the First World War<br>
1882 - 1903 The First Aliyah is a term used to describe a major wave of Zionist immigration  to Palestine. Jews who migrated to Ottoman Palestine in this wave came mostly from Eastern Europe and from Yemen<br>
1904 - 1914 The Second Aliyah some 40,000 Jews settled in Palestine<br>
1919 - 1929 The third and Fourth Aliyahs brought an additional 100,000 Jews to Palestine<br>
1947 - By the end of World War II, the Jewish population of Palestine had increased to 33% of the total population<br>
1948 - 1970 Approximately 1,150,000 Jewish refugees relocated to Israel<br>
1973 - The Egyptian and Syrian armies launched a surprise attack against Israeli forces in the Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights, that opened the Yom Kippur War. That took 10–35,000 lives in about 20 days<br>
1990 and 1994 Immigration from the post-Soviet states increased Israel's population by twelve percent<br>
1985–2000 The South Lebanon conflict or the Security Zone conflict in Lebanon refers to 15 years of warfare between the Lebanese Christian proxy militias with military and logistic support of Israel Defense Forces against Lebanese Muslim guerrillas led by the Iranian-backed Hezbollah, within what was defined as the Security Zone in South Lebanon<br>
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[[Category:Israel]]
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Revision as of 11:38, 15 May 2025

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General History[edit | edit source]

Israel's history dates back thousands of years, with its earliest roots in ancient civilizations that inhabited the region. The area, known historically as Canaan, saw the rise and fall of various empires and kingdoms. Over centuries, the region has experienced significant cultural and religious developments, becoming a focal point for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

From 1517-1917, Israel was under the control of the Ottoman Empire as part of a broader territory known as Greater Syria (modern-day Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Israel/Palestine) with diverse cultures and ethnic groups making up its population, including Arabs, Jews, Kurds, Armenians, Turks, and others. By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the movement for the establishment of a Jewish homeland gained momentum, influenced by the broader context of nationalism and the plight of Jewish communities in Europe. This led to increased Jewish immigration to the region. Tensions between different communities in the area grew, leading to various conflicts and negotiations. Following the decline of the Ottoman Empire and its collapse after WWI, the UN divided control of Greater Syria into European Mandates, with the British in control of Palestine in 1920.

In 1948, Britain ceded control of Palestine to the United Nations following an attempted partition plan for separate Arab and Jewish states. On May 14, 1948, Israel declared its independence and was recognized by the United Nations in 1949. The events surrounding the creation of Israel have had significant and ongoing effects in the region, including the displacement of approximately 700,000 Palestinians. The subsequent decades have seen numerous conflicts, peace treaties, and efforts at reconciliation, reflecting the region's intricate and multifaceted history.[1][2][3][4][5]

Timeline[edit | edit source]

1516 - 1917 Palestine was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and it remained under Turkish rule until the end of the First World War.
1882 - 1903 The "First Aliyah" or major wave of Jews immigrated to Palestine. Jews who migrated to Ottoman Palestine in this wave came mostly from Eastern Europe and from Yemen.
1904 - 1914 The Second Aliyah brought some 40,000 Jews to settle in Palestine.
1917 After the capture of Jerusalem by the British, the Balfour Declaration expressed support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine.
1919 - 1929 The Third and Fourth Aliyahs brought an additional 100,000 Jews to Palestine.
1947 The United Nations proposed a plan to partition Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states, with Jerusalem as an international city. The plan was accepted by the Jewish community but rejected by the Arab states.
1948 Israel declares itself as an independent state.

1947 - 1949 Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians were displaced as a result of the events surrounding the creation of the State of Israel.
1949 Israel is admitted to the United Nations.
1950 The Law of Return is enacted, granting Jews the right to immigrate to Israel and gain citizenship.
1948 - 1970 Approximately 1,150,000 Jewish refugees are relocated to Israel.
1950s - 1960s Palestinian refugees settle in various countries, including Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and the Gaza Strip, often living in refugee camps under difficult conditions.
1990 and 1994 - Immigration from the post-Soviet states increased Israel's population by twelve percent.

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ History of Israel, Wikipedia, updated 11 November 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Israel.
  2. ↑ Ochsenwald, William L. and Eliahu Elath. "Israel," in Encyclopedia Britannica, last updated 29 November, 2024. https://www.britannica.com/place/Israel.
  3. ↑ Encyclopedia of Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque: History, Monuments, Notable Places and Men by Drink, Mohammed Mohammed Hassan. Amman, Jordan:Al-Ahlia, 2003. Online at: FamilySearch Digital Libraryموسوعة بيت المقدس والمسجد الأقصى : التاريخ، الآثار، أعلام الأمكنة والرجال / شراب، محمد محمد حسن
  4. ↑ The Burgenses of Jerusalem in the 12th century : a prosopography of the non-noble inhabitants of Jerusalem from 1120 to 1187 by Tischler, Christiane, 1951-. Frankfurt am Main, Germany:Peter Lang GmbH, 2000. Online at: FamilySearch Digital Library
  5. ↑ The central convent of Hospitallers and Templars : history, organization, and personnel (1099/1120-1310) by Burgtorf, Jochen. Leiden, Netherlands:Brill, 2008. FS Catalog book 956 H2b
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