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==Online Resources== | ==Online Resources== | ||
===Victoria=== | ===Victoria=== | ||
*'''1842-1854''' [https://prov.vic.gov.au/explore-collection/explore-topic/register-convicts-1842-1854 Victoria Register of convicts, 1842–1854] | |||
*'''1842-1854''' [https://prov.vic.gov.au/archive/RG110-P0000 Register of convicts, 1842–1854], PRO Victoria, index. | |||
*'''1842-1854''' | *'''1855-1947''' [https://prov.vic.gov.au/explore-collection/explore-topic/justice-crime-and-law/register-male-and-female-prisoners-1855-1947 Register of Male and Female Prisoners, 1855-1947] at Public Records Office Victoria. | ||
*'''1842-1854''' | |||
==Online Resources for New South Wales, Including Victoria Before 1851== | ==Online Resources for New South Wales, Including Victoria Before 1851== | ||
*'''1787-1834''' | *'''1787-1834''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1183 New South Wales, Australia, Settler and Convict Lists] at Ancestry; images only ($) | ||
*'''1787-1859''' | *'''1787-1859''' [http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/new-south-wales-and-tasmania-settlers-and-convicts-1787-1859 New South Wales and Tasmania: Settlers and Convicts] at Findmypast - index & images ($) | ||
*'''1787-1976''' | *'''1787-1976''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/8822/ New South Wales, Australia, Miscellaneous Records] at Ancestry; images only ($) | ||
*'''1788-1842''' | *'''1788-1842''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2024 New South Wales, Australia, Convict Indents] at Ancestry - index & images ($); ''Also at [http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/new-south-wales-convict-arrivals Findmypast]'' ($) | ||
*'''1788-1849''' | *'''1788-1849''' [http://members.pcug.org.au/~ppmay/convicts.htm Irish Convicts to NSW 1788 - 1849], index | ||
*'''1788-1856''' | *'''1788-1856''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1905/#:~:text=petitions%20by%20convicts%20for%20sentence%20mitigation%2C%20marriage,court%20cases%2C%20and%20lists%20of%20assigned%20servants New South Wales, Australia, Colonial Secretary's Papers] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | ||
*'''1788- | *'''1788-1867''' {{FSC|80478|item|disp=Convict records for New South Wales and Tasmania, 1788-1867}} at FamilySearch, images. | ||
*''' | *'''1788-1870''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1657 New South Wales, Australia, Convict Registers of Conditional and Absolute Pardons] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | ||
*''' | *'''1791-1873''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-20005/australia-new-south-wales-convicts-index-1791-1873?s=218489221 Australia, New South Wales Convicts Index, 1791-1873] at MyHeritage ($), index. | ||
*'''1806 | *'''1806-1849''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1185 New South Wales and Tasmania, Australia Convict Musters] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | ||
*''' | *'''1806''' {{FSC|80433|item|disp=Muster of all females in the colony, August 1806}}, at FamilySearch, images. | ||
*'''1810- | *'''1810-1867''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1689 New South Wales, Australia, Certificates of Freedom] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | ||
*''' | *'''1810-1869''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1781 New South Wales, Australia, Tickets of Leave] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | ||
*'''1810-1891''' [https://search.ancestry.com.au/search/db.aspx?dbid=8992 New South Wales, Australia, Convict Records] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | |||
*''' | *'''1811-1813''' {{FSC|80649|item|disp=Convict records of Australia, 1811-1813}} at FamilySearch, images. | ||
*''' | *'''1821-1825''' [https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/archives/collections-and-research/guides-and-indexes/node/14197186/browse Convict Assignments 1821 to 1825, NSW Archives], index | ||
*''' | *'''1822-1825''' {{FSC|80681|item|disp=Certificates of application for tickets of leave, 1822-1825}} - at FamilySearch, images. | ||
*'''1823-1830''' {{FSC|227328|item|disp=Convict records, 1823-1830}} - at FamilySearch, images. | |||
*''' | *'''1824-1886''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1245 New South Wales, Australia, Convict Savings Bank Books] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | ||
*''' | *'''1825-1840''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2377 New South Wales, Australia, Wives & Children of Irish Convicts] at Ancestry - index only ($) | ||
*'''1825-1851''' [http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/new-south-wales-registers-of-convicts-applications-to-marry-1825-1851 New South Wales Registers Of Convicts Applications To Marry] at Findmypast - index & images ($); ''Also at [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1504 Ancestry]'' ($). Also at [https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/archives/collections-and-research/guides-and-indexes/node/1621/browse NSW Archives], free. | |||
*'''1826-1856''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61481/#:~:text=Letters%20and%20records%20of%20various%20events%20make,court%20cases%2C%20and%20lists%20of%20assigned%20servants New South Wales, Australia, Colonial Secretary's Letters] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | |||
*''' | *'''1826-1879''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1202 New South Wales, Australia, Convict Death Register] at Ancestry - index & images ($). Also at [https://search.findmypast.com/search-world-records/new-south-wales-convict-death-register-1828-1879 Findmypast] ($). | ||
*''' | *'''1826-1827''' {{FSC|227321|item|disp=Convict records, 1826-1827}} - at FamilySearch, images. | ||
*''' | *'''1827-1867''' [http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/new-south-wales-butts-of-convicts-certificates-of-freedom-1827-1867 New South Wales, Butts Of Convicts' Certificates Of Freedom] at Findmypast - index & images ($) | ||
*'''1828-1839''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=9094 New South Wales, Australia, Convict Applications for the Publication of Banns] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | |||
*'''1829-1879''' [https://search.ancestry.com.au/search/db.aspx?dbid=8818 New South Wales, Australia, Sheriff's Papers] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | |||
*'''1830-1842''' {{FSC|80690|item|disp=Indents of convict ships, 1830-1842}} at FamilySearch, images. | |||
*'''1830-1842''' {{FSC|117915|item|disp=Convict Records, 1830-1842}} at FamilySearch, images. | |||
*'''1831-1853''' {{FSC|80656|item|disp=Convict records, 1831-1853}} - at FamilySearch, images. | |||
*'''1834-1859''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1184 New South Wales and Tasmania, Australia, Convict Pardons and Tickets of Leave] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | |||
*'''1838-1841''' | *'''1838-1841''' {{FSC|78329|item|disp=Register of sentences remitted or commuted, 1838-1841}}, images | ||
*'''1849-1850''' | *'''1849-1850''' [https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/archives/collections-and-research/guides-and-indexes/node/1626/browse Convict Exiles Index 1849-1850, NSW Archives], index | ||
===Australia Records=== | ===Australia Records=== | ||
*'''1786-1849''' [http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/australia-convict-ships-1786-1849 Australia Convict Ships 1786-1849] at | *'''1786-1849''' [http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/australia-convict-ships-1786-1849 Australia Convict Ships 1786-1849] at Findmypast - index & images ($) | ||
*'''1787-1867''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/70852/ Web: Australia, Convict Records Index, 1787-1867] at Ancestry - index ($) | *'''1787-1867''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/70852/ Web: Australia, Convict Records Index, 1787-1867] at Ancestry - index ($) | ||
*'''1787-1788''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1177 Australian Convict Transportation Registers – First Fleet, 1787-1788] at Ancestry, Index ($) | |||
*'''1788-1842''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1251 Australia List of Convicts with Particulars, 1788-1842] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | *'''1788-1842''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1251 Australia List of Convicts with Particulars, 1788-1842] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | ||
*'''1791-1867''' [http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/australia-convict-conditional-and-absolute-pardons-1791-1867 Australia Convict Conditional and Absolute Pardons 1791-1867] at | *'''1788-1868''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=5517 Australia, Convict Index, 1788-1868] at Ancestry, Index ($) | ||
*'''1791-1868''' | *'''1789-1790''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1178 Australian Convict Transportation Registers – Second Fleet, 1789-1790] at Ancestry, Index ($) | ||
*'''1824-1874''' {{RecordSearch|3499251|Australia Convict Tickets Of Leave 1824-1874}}(*) at FamilySearch - [[Australia, Convict Tickets of Leave - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images; ''Also at: [http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/australia-convict-tickets-of-leave-1824-1874 | *'''1791-1868''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1180 Australian Convict Transportation Registers – Other Fleets & Ships, 1791-1868] at Ancestry, Index ($) | ||
*'''1829-1879''' | *'''1791-1867''' [http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/australia-convict-conditional-and-absolute-pardons-1791-1867 Australia Convict Conditional and Absolute Pardons 1791-1867] at Findmypast, Index ($) | ||
*'''1791''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1179 Australian Convict Transportation Registers – Third Fleet, 1791] at Ancestry, Index ($) | |||
*'''1791-1867''' [http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/australia-convict-conditional-and-absolute-pardons-1791-1867 Australia Convict Conditional and Absolute Pardons 1791-1867] at Findmypast - index & images ($) | |||
*'''1791-1868''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1180 Australian Convict Transportation Registers – Other Fleets & Ships, 1791-1868] at Ancestry, Index ($) | |||
*'''1824-1874''' {{RecordSearch|3499251|Australia Convict Tickets Of Leave 1824-1874}}(*) at FamilySearch - [[Australia, Convict Tickets of Leave - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images; ''Also at: [http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/australia-convict-tickets-of-leave-1824-1874 Findmypast]($)'' | |||
*'''1829-1879''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/8818/ New South Wales, Australia, Sheriff's Papers, 1829-1879] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | |||
*'''1838-1912''' {{RecordSearch|2613137|Australia, South Australia, Prison Records, 1838-1912}} at FamilySearch - [[Australia, South Australia, Prison Records - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images | *'''1838-1912''' {{RecordSearch|2613137|Australia, South Australia, Prison Records, 1838-1912}} at FamilySearch - [[Australia, South Australia, Prison Records - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images | ||
*[http://members.pcug.org.au/~pdownes/dps/1stflt.htm Australia's First Fleet] | *[http://members.pcug.org.au/~pdownes/dps/1stflt.htm Australia's First Fleet] | ||
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*Approximately 1 in 7 convicts were women, while political prisoners, another minority group, comprise many of the best-known convicts. | *Approximately 1 in 7 convicts were women, while political prisoners, another minority group, comprise many of the best-known convicts. | ||
*Once emancipated, most ex-convicts stayed in Australia and joined the free settlers, with some rising to prominent positions in Australian society.<ref>"Convicts in Australia", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convicts_in_Australia, accessed 3 March 2022.</ref><ref>"New South Wales,", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales, accessed 3 March 2022.</ref> | *Once emancipated, most ex-convicts stayed in Australia and joined the free settlers, with some rising to prominent positions in Australian society.<ref>"Convicts in Australia", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convicts_in_Australia, accessed 3 March 2022.</ref><ref>"New South Wales,", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales, accessed 3 March 2022.</ref> | ||
== Types of Convict Records == | |||
=== Tickets of Leave Butts === | |||
*'''Tickets of leave''' were issued to convicts having served about half of their sentences with good behavior. | |||
*These tickets '''allowed convicts to seek employment''' as they wished but '''limited their movement to a certain district''' for the remainder of their sentences. | |||
*Prior to 1828, bench magistrates granted tickets of leave and approved applications for convicts to marry. | |||
*The actual ticket of leave was issued to the convict; '''the government retained the ticket of leave butts'''. | |||
*'''Ticket of leave butts listed the convict’s name, ship, and date of arrival, native place, trade or calling, date and place of trial and sentence, a physical description, and the district to which he or she was confined.''' | |||
=== Certificates of Freedom === | |||
*A '''certificate of freedom''' was a document stating that a '''convict's sentence had been served''' and was usually given to convicts with a 7, 10 or 14 year sentence or when they received a pardon. | |||
*Convicts with a '''life sentence''' could receive a Pardon, but not a Certificate of Freedom. | |||
*The Certificate of Freedom number was sometimes '''annotated on the indent or noted on a Ticket of Leave Butt.''' | |||
*The government retained certificates of freedom butts, which were similar to ticket of leave butts. | |||
=== Pardons === | |||
*Both '''conditional and absolute pardons''' were generally '''granted to convicts with life sentences'''. | |||
*'''Conditional pardons''' required that the ex-convict '''never return to the British Isles''' or his or her pardon would be void. | |||
*'''Absolute pardons''' allowed an ex-convict to return to the British Isles if he or she wished. | |||
*'''Pardon records''' contain information similar to tickets of leave: the convict’s name, ship, and date of arrival, native place, trade or calling, date and place of trial and sentence, a physical description, and the district to which he or she was confined.''' | |||
=== Convict indents === | |||
*Convict indents were lists that were made when convicts arrived on transport ships. | |||
*Information given in indents is similar to that in tickets of leave but also includes a convict’s marital status and number of children and whether the convict was literate. | |||
==FamilySearch Library== | ==FamilySearch Library== | ||
Additional sources are listed in the '''FamilySearch Catalog:''' | Additional sources are listed in the '''FamilySearch Catalog:''' | ||
*{{ | *{{FSC|Australia, Victoria - Convict records|subject|subject-id=602274728|disp=Australia, Victoria - Convict records}} | ||
*{{ | *{{FSC|Australia, Victoria - Convict records - Indexes|subject|subject-id=1486508683|disp=Australia, Victoria - Convict records - Indexes}} | ||
*{{ | *{{FSC|Australia, Victoria - Correctional institutions|subject|subject-id=307773166|disp=Australia, Victoria - Correctional institutions }} | ||
*{{ | *{{FSC|Australia, Victoria - Correctional institutions - Indexes|subject|subject-id=1742260641|disp=Australia, Victoria - Correctional institutions - Indexes}} | ||
*{{ | *{{FSC|Australia, Victoria - Court records|subject|subject-id=505850547|disp=Australia, Victoria - Court records}} | ||
*{{ | *{{FSC|Australia, Victoria - Court records - Indexes|subject|subject-id=1260715226|disp=Australia, Victoria - Court records - Indexes}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
{{Place|Australia}} | {{Place|Australia}} | ||
[[Category:Victoria, Australia]] | [[Category:Victoria, Australia]] | ||
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