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{{Australia-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb | {{Australia-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb | ||
| link1=[[Australia Genealogy|Australia]] | | link1=[[Australia Genealogy|Australia]] | ||
| link2= | | link2=[[Australia Crime and Punishment|Crime and Punishment]] | ||
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==Online Resources== | ==Online Resources== | ||
===Convict Records=== | |||
*'''1786-1849''' [http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/australia-convict-ships-1786-1849 Australia Convict Ships 1786-1849] at Findmypast - index & images ($) | *'''1786-1849''' [http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/australia-convict-ships-1786-1849 Australia Convict Ships 1786-1849] at Findmypast - index & images ($) | ||
*'''1787-1867''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/70852/ Web: Australia, Convict Records Index, 1787-1867] at Ancestry - index ($) | *'''1787-1867''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/70852/ Web: Australia, Convict Records Index, 1787-1867] at Ancestry - index ($) | ||
*'''1788-1842''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1251 Australia List of Convicts with Particulars, 1788-1842] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | *'''1788-1842''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1251 Australia List of Convicts with Particulars, 1788-1842] at Ancestry - index & images ($) | ||
*'''1788-1868''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=5517 Australia, Convict Index, 1788-1868] at Ancestry, Index ($) | *'''1788-1868''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=5517 Australia, Convict Index, 1788-1868] at Ancestry, Index ($) | ||
*'''1791-1867''' [http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/australia-convict-conditional-and-absolute-pardons-1791-1867 Australia Convict Conditional and Absolute Pardons 1791-1867] at Findmypast, Index ($) | *'''1791-1867''' [http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/australia-convict-conditional-and-absolute-pardons-1791-1867 Australia Convict Conditional and Absolute Pardons 1791-1867] at Findmypast, Index ($) | ||
*'''1791-1867''' [http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/australia-convict-conditional-and-absolute-pardons-1791-1867 Australia Convict Conditional and Absolute Pardons 1791-1867] at Findmypast - index & images ($) | *'''1791-1867''' [http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/australia-convict-conditional-and-absolute-pardons-1791-1867 Australia Convict Conditional and Absolute Pardons 1791-1867] at Findmypast - index & images ($) | ||
*'''1824-1874''' {{RecordSearch|3499251|Australia Convict Tickets Of Leave 1824-1874}}(*) at FamilySearch - [[Australia, Convict Tickets of Leave - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images; ''Also at: [http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/australia-convict-tickets-of-leave-1824-1874 Findmypast]($)'' | *'''1824-1874''' {{RecordSearch|3499251|Australia Convict Tickets Of Leave 1824-1874}}(*) at FamilySearch - [[Australia, Convict Tickets of Leave - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index & images; ''Also at: [http://search.findmypast.com/search-world-Records/australia-convict-tickets-of-leave-1824-1874 Findmypast]($)'' | ||
*''' | *[https://convictrecords.com.au/ Convict Records of Australia] | ||
*''' | |||
===Transporting Convicts=== | |||
*'''1787-1788''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1177 Australian Convict Transportation Registers – First Fleet, 1787-1788] at Ancestry, Index ($) | |||
*'''1787-1867''' [https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-20146/united-kingdom-convict-transportation-registers?s=275764761 United Kingdom, Convict Transportation Registers] at MyHeritage — index & images ($) | |||
*'''1791''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1179 Australian Convict Transportation Registers – Third Fleet, 1791] at Ancestry, Index ($) | |||
*'''1789-1790''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1178 Australian Convict Transportation Registers – Second Fleet, 1789-1790] at Ancestry, Index ($) | |||
*'''1791-1868''' [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1180 Australian Convict Transportation Registers – Other Fleets & Ships, 1791-1868] at Ancestry, Index ($) | |||
*[http://www.bda-online.org.au/mybda/search Biographical Database of Australia] | |||
*[http://members.pcug.org.au/~pdownes/dps/1stflt.htm Australia's First Fleet] | *[http://members.pcug.org.au/~pdownes/dps/1stflt.htm Australia's First Fleet] | ||
*[http://firstfleet.uow.edu.au/index.html First Fleet Online] | *[http://firstfleet.uow.edu.au/index.html First Fleet Online] | ||
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*[http://members.pcug.org.au/~pdownes/dps/3rdflt.txt Australia's Third Fleet] | *[http://members.pcug.org.au/~pdownes/dps/3rdflt.txt Australia's Third Fleet] | ||
*[http://findingaids.nationalarchives.ie/index.php?browse=true&category=18&subcategory=147 Ireland-Australia transportation database, National Archives of Ireland] | *[http://findingaids.nationalarchives.ie/index.php?browse=true&category=18&subcategory=147 Ireland-Australia transportation database, National Archives of Ireland] | ||
*[http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/ Proceedings of the Old Bailey 1674-1834] The punishment of transportation for a crime tried in London by the Old Bailey Court resulted in exile to Australia. The site can be search by several categories, including by name for the punishment resulting in transportation. | *[http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/ Proceedings of the Old Bailey 1674-1834] The punishment of transportation for a crime tried in London by the Old Bailey Court resulted in exile to Australia. The site can be search by several categories, including by name for the punishment resulting in transportation. | ||
==Historical Background== | ==Historical Background== | ||
*Convicts first arrived in Australia in 1788, when the British government established a penal colony at Port Jackson, Sydney Bay. Records about convicts transported to Australia are numerous and play a major role in Australian family history research. | |||
*Penal transportation or transportation was the relocation of convicted criminals, or other persons regarded as undesirable, to a distant place, often a colony, for a specified term; later, specifically established penal colonies became their destination. While the prisoners may have been released once the sentences were served, they generally did not have the resources to return home. | *Penal transportation or transportation was the relocation of convicted criminals, or other persons regarded as undesirable, to a distant place, often a colony, for a specified term; later, specifically established penal colonies became their destination. While the prisoners may have been released once the sentences were served, they generally did not have the resources to return home. | ||
*In 1787, the First Fleet, a group of '''convict ships''' departed from England to establish the '''first colonial settlement in Australia, as a penal colony'''. The First Fleet included boats containing food and animals from London. | *In 1787, the First Fleet, a group of '''convict ships''' departed from England to establish the '''first colonial settlement in Australia, as a penal colony'''. The First Fleet included boats containing food and animals from London. | ||
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*Transportation from Great Britain and Ireland ended at different times in different colonies, with the last being in 1868, although it had become uncommon several years earlier thanks to the loosening of laws in Britain, changing sentiment in Australia, and groups such as the '''Anti-Transportation League.''' | *Transportation from Great Britain and Ireland ended at different times in different colonies, with the last being in 1868, although it had become uncommon several years earlier thanks to the loosening of laws in Britain, changing sentiment in Australia, and groups such as the '''Anti-Transportation League.''' | ||
*In 2015, an estimated 20% of the Australian population had '''convict ancestry'''. In 2013, an estimated 30% of the Australian population (about 7 million) had '''Irish ancestry''' - the highest percentage outside of Ireland - thanks partially to historical convict transportation.<ref>"Penal transportation", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penal_transportation#Transportation_to_Australia, accessed 20 March 2022.</ref> | *In 2015, an estimated 20% of the Australian population had '''convict ancestry'''. In 2013, an estimated 30% of the Australian population (about 7 million) had '''Irish ancestry''' - the highest percentage outside of Ireland - thanks partially to historical convict transportation.<ref>"Penal transportation", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penal_transportation#Transportation_to_Australia, accessed 20 March 2022.</ref> | ||
== Types of Convict Records == | == Types of Convict Records == | ||
=== Tickets of Leave Butts === | === Tickets of Leave Butts === | ||
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:*[https://prov.vic.gov.au/explore-collection/explore-topic/register-convicts-1842-1854 '''Victoria Register of convicts, 1842–1854'''] | :*[https://prov.vic.gov.au/explore-collection/explore-topic/register-convicts-1842-1854 '''Victoria Register of convicts, 1842–1854'''] | ||
==FamilySearch Library Resources== | |||
==FamilySearch Library== | |||
Additional sources are listed in the '''FamilySearch Catalog:''' | Additional sources are listed in the '''FamilySearch Catalog:''' | ||
*{{FSC| | *{{FSC|Australia - Convict records|subject|subject-id=1635357131|disp=Australia - Convict records}} | ||
*{{FSC| | *{{FSC|Australia - Convict records - Indexes|subject|subject-id=865473474|disp=Australia - Convict records - Indexes}} | ||
*{{FSC| | *{{FSC|Australia - Correctional institutions|subject|subject-id=2044208991|disp=Australia - Correctional institutions}} | ||
*{{FSC| | *{{FSC|Australia - Correctional institutions - History|subject|subject-id=1405451264|disp=Australia - Correctional institutions - History}} | ||
*{{FSC|3499251|subject_id|disp=Australia - Correctional institutions - Indexes}} | *{{FSC|3499251|subject_id|disp=Australia - Correctional institutions - Indexes}} | ||
*{{FSC| | *{{FSC|Australia - Court records|subject|subject-id=1759574246|disp=Australia - Court records }} | ||
== For Further Reading == | == For Further Reading == | ||
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