Jordan History: Difference between revisions
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==General History== | ==General History== | ||
In its ancient history, Jordan had three stable kingdoms: Ammon, Moab, and Edom. Later rulers include the Nabateans, who built the iconic city of Petra, the Roman Empire | In its ancient history, Jordan had three stable kingdoms: Ammon, Moab, and Edom. Later rulers include the Nabateans, who built the iconic city of Petra, the Roman Empire, and the Ottoman Empire. | ||
During the Ottoman period, Jordan was part of Greater Syria, a region that included modern-day | During the Ottoman period, Jordan was part of Greater Syria, a region that included modern-day Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine. After the Great Arab Revolt against the Ottomans in 1916 during World War I, the Ottoman Empire was partitioned and Jordan became a British protectorate known as the Emirate of Transjordan. In 1946, Jordan gained full independence and was established as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, under the leadership of King Abdullah I. Since that time, Jordan has experienced significant waves of immigration by opening its borders to millions of refugees from neighboring countries such as Palestine, Iraq, and Syria. Additionally, many Jordanians have emigrated to Gulf countries for better employment opportunities, as well as to the United States and other Western countries. | ||
Jordan's cultural heritage is rich and diverse, with significant archaeological sites and a blend of Nabatean, Roman, and Islamic influences. The population is approximately 94% Arab and the remaining 6% comprise ethnic minorities such as Circassians, Chechens, Armenians, and Kurds. The main spoken language is Arabic, with English widely used as a second language, especially in business and education.<ref>"Jordan," Wikipedia, updated 9 December 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan | Jordan's cultural heritage is rich and diverse, with significant archaeological sites and a blend of Nabatean, Roman, and Islamic influences. The population is approximately 94% Arab and the remaining 6% comprise ethnic minorities such as Circassians, Chechens, Armenians, and Kurds. The main spoken language is Arabic, with English widely used as a second language, especially in business and education.<ref>"Jordan," Wikipedia, updated 9 December 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan</ref> | ||
==Timeline== | ==Timeline== | ||
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* '''324''' The Byzantine Empire takes control of the region, leading to the spread of Christianity. | * '''324''' The Byzantine Empire takes control of the region, leading to the spread of Christianity. | ||
* '''636''' The Islamic Caliphate conquers the region, marking the beginning of Islamic rule. | * '''636''' The Islamic Caliphate conquers the region, marking the beginning of Islamic rule. | ||
* '''1516-1918''' Jordan is part of the | |||
* '''1921''' The Emirate of Transjordan is established under | * '''1516-1918''' Jordan is part of the Ottoman Empire, included in the region known as Greater Syria. | ||
* '''1921''' The Emirate of Transjordan is established under British mandate, with Abdullah I as the emir. | |||
* '''1946''' Jordan gains full independence from Britain and becomes the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, with Abdullah I as king. | * '''1946''' Jordan gains full independence from Britain and becomes the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, with Abdullah I as king. | ||
* '''1948''': First major wave of | * '''1948''': First major wave of Palestinian refugees arrives in Jordan following the Arab-Israeli War. | ||
* '''1967''' Second major wave of Palestinian refugees arrives in Jordan following the Six-Day War. | * '''1967''' Second major wave of Palestinian refugees arrives in Jordan following the Six-Day War. | ||
* '''1994''' Jordan signs a peace treaty with | * '''1994''' Jordan signs a peace treaty with Israel, becoming the second Arab country to do so. | ||
* '''2003''' Significant influx of | * '''2003''' Significant influx of Iraqi refugees into Jordan following the Iraq War. | ||
* '''2011''' The Arab Spring leads to political reforms in Jordan, including constitutional amendments and new election laws. | * '''2011''' The Arab Spring leads to political reforms in Jordan, including constitutional amendments and new election laws. | ||
* '''2011''' Arrival of | * '''2011''' Arrival of Syrian refugees begins due to the Syrian Civil War. | ||
<br> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Jordan]] [[Category:Histories]] | [[Category:Jordan]] [[Category:Histories]] | ||
Revision as of 14:05, 9 December 2024
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In other languages: العربيةGeneral History[edit | edit source]
In its ancient history, Jordan had three stable kingdoms: Ammon, Moab, and Edom. Later rulers include the Nabateans, who built the iconic city of Petra, the Roman Empire, and the Ottoman Empire.
During the Ottoman period, Jordan was part of Greater Syria, a region that included modern-day Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine. After the Great Arab Revolt against the Ottomans in 1916 during World War I, the Ottoman Empire was partitioned and Jordan became a British protectorate known as the Emirate of Transjordan. In 1946, Jordan gained full independence and was established as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, under the leadership of King Abdullah I. Since that time, Jordan has experienced significant waves of immigration by opening its borders to millions of refugees from neighboring countries such as Palestine, Iraq, and Syria. Additionally, many Jordanians have emigrated to Gulf countries for better employment opportunities, as well as to the United States and other Western countries.
Jordan's cultural heritage is rich and diverse, with significant archaeological sites and a blend of Nabatean, Roman, and Islamic influences. The population is approximately 94% Arab and the remaining 6% comprise ethnic minorities such as Circassians, Chechens, Armenians, and Kurds. The main spoken language is Arabic, with English widely used as a second language, especially in business and education.[1]
Timeline[edit | edit source]
- 1200 BCE The Iron Age begins, and the region sees the rise of ancient kingdoms such as Ammon, Moab, and Edom.
- 312 BCE The Nabatean Kingdom is established, with Petra as its capital.
- 63 BCE The Roman Empire conquers the Nabatean Kingdom, incorporating it into the province of Arabia Petraea.
- 324 The Byzantine Empire takes control of the region, leading to the spread of Christianity.
- 636 The Islamic Caliphate conquers the region, marking the beginning of Islamic rule.
- 1516-1918 Jordan is part of the Ottoman Empire, included in the region known as Greater Syria.
- 1921 The Emirate of Transjordan is established under British mandate, with Abdullah I as the emir.
- 1946 Jordan gains full independence from Britain and becomes the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, with Abdullah I as king.
- 1948: First major wave of Palestinian refugees arrives in Jordan following the Arab-Israeli War.
- 1967 Second major wave of Palestinian refugees arrives in Jordan following the Six-Day War.
- 1994 Jordan signs a peace treaty with Israel, becoming the second Arab country to do so.
- 2003 Significant influx of Iraqi refugees into Jordan following the Iraq War.
- 2011 The Arab Spring leads to political reforms in Jordan, including constitutional amendments and new election laws.
- 2011 Arrival of Syrian refugees begins due to the Syrian Civil War.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Jordan," Wikipedia, updated 9 December 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan