Eritrea Languages: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 15:49, 7 September 2021

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Description[edit | edit source]

Eritrea is a multilingual country. The nation has no official language, as the Constitution establishes the "equality of all Eritrean languages". Tigrinya, Arabic, and English serve as de facto working languages, with English used in university education and many technical fields. ^[1]
Eritrea has many national languages:

In terms of writing systems, Eritrea's principal orthography is Ge'ez, Latin script and Arabic script. ^[2]

Word List(s)[edit | edit source]

Tigrinya

Tigre

Afar

Beja

Word and Number List (Wikipedia)

Bilen

Kunama

Kunama Word List (Wiktionary)

Nara

Saho

Alphabet and Pronunciation[edit | edit source]

Tigrinya

Tigre

Afar

Beja

Beja Phonology (Wikipedia)

Bilen

Kunama

Nara

Saho

Language Aids and Dictionaries[edit | edit source]

Tigrinya

Additional Resources[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Eritrea," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea#Languages, accessed 6 September 2021.
↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Languages Eritrea," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Eritrea#:~:text=In%20terms%20of%20writing%20systems%2C%20Eritrea%27s%20principal%20orthography%20is%20Ge%27ez%2C%20Latin%20script%20and%20Arabic%20script., accessed 7 September 2021.

[1] Wikipedia contributors, "Eritrea," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea#Languages, accessed 6 September 2021.

[2] Wikipedia contributors, "Languages Eritrea," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Eritrea#:~:text=In%20terms%20of%20writing%20systems%2C%20Eritrea%27s%20principal%20orthography%20is%20Ge%27ez%2C%20Latin%20script%20and%20Arabic%20script., accessed 7 September 2021.

[1]

[2]

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-{{CountrySidebar
+{{breadcrumb
-|Country=Eritrea
-|Name=Eritrea
-|Type=Topic
-|Topic Type=Background
-|Background=Languages
-|Rating=Standardized
-}}{{breadcrumb
 | link1=[[Eritrea Genealogy|Eritrea]]
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 | link4=
 | link5=[[Eritrea Languages|Languages]]
-}}
+}}{{Eritrea-sidebar}}
 ==Description==
 Eritrea is a multilingual country. The nation has '''no official language''', as the Constitution establishes the "equality of all Eritrean languages". '''Tigrinya, Arabic, and English''' serve as de facto working languages, with English used in university education and many technical fields. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Eritrea," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea#Languages, accessed 6 September 2021.</ref><br>
 Eritrea has many national languages:
 *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigrinya_language '''Tigrinya''']
-*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic '''Arabic''']
 *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigre_language '''Tigre''']
 *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afar_language '''Afar''']
 *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beja_language '''Beja''']
-*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilen_language '''Bilen''' or '''Blin''']
+*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilen_language '''Bilen''']
 *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunama_language '''Kunama''']
 *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara_language '''Nara''']
@@ Line 30: / Line 21: @@
 ==Word List(s)==
-*[[Latin Genealogical Word List]]
 '''Tigrinya'''
-*[https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/tigrinya.php Useful phrases in Tigrinya (Omniglot)]
-*[https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Tigrinya_phrasebook Tigrinya phrasebook (Wikivoyage)]
-'''Arabic'''
-*[[Arabic Genealogical Word List]]
-*[https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/arabic.php Useful Arabic phrases (Omniglot)]
 '''Tigre'''
-*[https://omniglot.com/language/numbers/tigre.htm Numbers in Tigre (Omniglot)]
 '''Afar'''
-*[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/afar.htm Numbers in Afar (Omniglot)]
 '''Beja'''
 *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beja_language#Lexicon Word and Number List (Wikipedia)]
-*[https://omniglot.com/language/numbers/beja.htm Numbers in Beja (Omniglot)]
-'''Bilen''' or '''Blin'''
+'''Bilen'''
 '''Kunama'''
@@ Line 56: / Line 36: @@
 '''Nara'''
-*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Nara_word_list Nara Word List (Wiktionary)]
 '''Saho'''
 ==Alphabet and Pronunciation==
@@ Line 64: / Line 45: @@
 *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigrinya_language#Phonology Tigrinya Phonology (Wikipedia)]
 *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigrinya_language#Writing_system Tigrinya Writing system (Wikipedia)]
-*[https://omniglot.com/writing/tigrinya.htm Tigrinya Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
-* Pam, Martin David. ''Tigrinya phonology.'' New York: City University of New York, 1973. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/3266585 WorldCat].
-'''Arabic'''
-*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_phonology Arabic phonology (Wikipedia)]
-*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_alphabet Arabic alphabet (Wikipedia)]
-*[https://omniglot.com/writing/arabic.htm Arabic Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
 '''Tigre'''
 *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigre_language#Phonology Tigre Phonology (Wikipedia)]
 *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigre_language#Writing_system Tigre Writing system (Wikipedia)]
-*[https://omniglot.com/writing/tigre.htm Tigre Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
 '''Afar'''
 *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afar_language#Phonology Afar Phonology (Wikipedia)]
 *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afar_language#Writing_system Afar Writing system (Wikipedia)]
-*[https://omniglot.com/writing/afar.htm Afar Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
 '''Beja'''
 *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beja_language#Phonology Beja Phonology (Wikipedia)]
-*[https://omniglot.com/writing/beja.htm Beja Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
-'''Bilen''' or '''Blin'''
+'''Bilen'''
 *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilen_language#Phonology Bilen Phonology (Wikipedia)]
 *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilen_language#Writing_system Bilen Writing system (Wikipedia)]
@@ Line 95: / Line 66: @@
 '''Saho'''
-*[http://www.sahoarchive.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Banti___Vergari_Sketch_of_Saho_grammar__ms_-libre.pdf A Sketch of Saho Grammar (SahoArchive)]
-==Language Aids and Dictionaries==
-'''Tigrinya'''
-*[https://glosbe.com/en/ti English to Tigrinya Dictionary (Glosbe)]
-*[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/tigrinya_dictionary.htm Tigrinya dictionary (Lexilogos)]
-* Elias, David L. ''The Tigre language of Gindaʻ, Eritrea : short grammar and texts.'' Leiden: Brill, 2014. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/881259369 WorldCat].
-* Tadross, Andrew, and Abraham Teklu. ''The essential guide to Tigrinya, the language of Eritrea and Northern Ethiopia.'' n.p.: n.p., 2015. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/910343565 WorldCat].
-* Weldemichael, Tedros Hagos. ''Tigrinya dictionary & phrasebook.'' New York, NY: Hippocrene Books Inc., 2019. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1085972823 WorldCat].
-*[https://cudoo.com/products/languages/tigrinya/learn-tigrinya-online-level-1/ Learn Tigrinya Online (cudoo)]
-'''Arabic'''
-*[https://en.glosbe.com/en/ar English to Arabic Dictionary (Glosbe)]
-*[https://www.duolingo.com/course/ar/en/Learn-Arabic Learn Arabic in just 5 minutes (duolingo)]
-*[https://www.arabicpod101.com/ Learn Arabic (ArabicPod101)]
-'''Tigre'''
-*[https://glosbe.com/en/tig English to Tigre Dictionary (Glosbe)]
-* Hauser-Schäublin,	Brigitta, and David D Harnish. ''The Tigre Language of Ginda?, Eritrea : Short Grammar and Texts.'' Leiden: BRILL, 2014. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/881416965 WorldCat].
-'''Afar'''
+==Language Aids and Dictionaries==
-*[https://glosbe.com/en/aa English to Afar Dictionary (Glosbe)]
+'''Tigrinya'''
-'''Beja'''
-*[https://glosbe.com/en/bej English to Beja Dictionary (Glosbe)]
-'''Bilen''' or '''Blin'''
-'''Kunama'''
-*[https://glosbe.com/en/kun English to Kunama Dictionary (Glosbe)]
-'''Nara'''
-'''Saho'''
-*[https://glosbe.com/en/ssy English to Saho Dictionary (Glosbe)]
-*[http://www.sahoarchive.org/366/ How to write and read the Saho language (SahoArchive)]
 ==Additional Resources==
-* Hailemariam, Chefena. ''Language and education in Eritrea : a case study of language diversity, policy and practice.'' Amsterdam: Aksant, 2002. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/606983746 WorldCat].
-*[https://wikitravel.org/en/Eritrea Eritrea (Wikitravel)]
-*[http://www.madote.com/2010/04/eritrea-nara-people.html Eritrea: The Nara People (Modote)]
-*[https://www.allsaho.com/saho-language/ Saho Language (allsaho)]
-==References==
+== References  ==
 {{reflist}}
 [[Category:Eritrea]]