Step-by-Step Maine Research, 1880-Present
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Step 1. Find out everything possible from living relatives and their family records.[edit | edit source]
Every good genealogy project starts with finding all the clues that can be gathered from living relatives — both from their memories and from documents or memorabilia in their homes.
What are the best questions to ask?[edit | edit source]
In order to extend research, ask for names, dates, and places. Everything about who a relative was and when and where they lived is a clue to a new record search. For ideas, see :
- 50 Questions to Ask Relatives About Family History at ThoughtCo.com
- Creating Oral Histories at FamilySearch Wiki
What documents should be collected or copied?[edit | edit source]
Because these records cover names, dates, places, and relationships, they are a valuable source of clues. Look for them in your home, your parents' home, and ask living grandparents to check for them.
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Step 2. Find ancestors in every possible census record, 1850-1950, online.[edit | edit source]
- A census is a count and description of the population for a given date. A census took a "snapshot" of a family on a certain day.
- For each person living in a household (depending on the year), their name, age, birthplace, relationship to head of household, place of birth for father and mother, citizenship status, year of immigration, mother of how many children and number of children living, native language, and whether they were a veteran of the military can be listed.
- Searching for a family in census records every ten years can identify all the children in a family.
- Searching in earlier census records to find someone as a child can identify parents.
Using clues to lead to census record searches.[edit | edit source]
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In family old papers you find this marriage certificate which holds clues to where and when to begin searching in census records.
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The family is found in the 1950 census.
- Wilbrod is 41 years old, putting his birth in approximately 1909.
- He was born in Maine.
The next step would be to follow Wilbrod Morneault in earlier censuses, 1940 backwards in time to 1910, the first census after his birth.
Here in 1940, Wilbrod is living in the home of his brother, John, in New Jersey.
After looking in indexes and the original records of Frenchville page by page, Wilbrod Morneault and his brother were either very difficult to find or mistakenly not listed at all in the 1930 and 1920 censuses. They are finally found in the 1910 census, with parents Joseph L. and Catherine Morneault.
Finding an earlier generation.[edit | edit source]
The next step is to try to locate Joseph L. Morneault in earlier census records, 1900 and 1880 (the 1890 census was destroyed), hoping to find him living in his father's home. In the 1900 census, he is listed with his parents, Raphael and Delina Morneault.
In the 1880 census of his father, he is not listed, probably in error.
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Look for ancestors in as many censuses as possible. Use the clues from each census for hints where to find families in both earlier and later census records.[edit | edit source]
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For more information, see Maine Census and United States Census.
Step 3: Find birth, marriage, and death certificates for ancestors and their children.[edit | edit source]
States, counties, or (even towns in some states) recorded births, marriages, and deaths.
- In addition to the child's name, birth date, and place of birth, a birth certificate may give the birthplaces of the parents, their ages, and occupations.
- A marriage certificate might list the parents of the bride and groom.
- A death certificate may give the person's birth date and place, parents' names and birthplaces, and spouse's name.
Using census clues to lead to a birth certificate.[edit | edit source]
Census information gives approximate birth years and probable birth places, and that information leads to finding important birth records. In addition to basic birth date and place, a birth certificate can give age, birthplace, occupation, etc. about the parents.
Maine, Birth Records, 1621-1922 shows several children of Raphael and Lina, including Wilbrod. Each link leads to an original birth record online. The time coverage of these records also cover the birth record of Joseph l. Morneault.
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Using census clues to lead to a marriage certificate.[edit | edit source]
Finding marriage records can:
- establish the full identity of the wife, with her maiden name and possible birth details.
- find the names of the parents of the bride and groom.
In Maine, Marriage Records, 1713-1993, this example of an index entry and the original record it leads to, list the parents of the bride and groom.
Using the census clues to lead to a death certificate.[edit | edit source]
Moving forward in time, older generations stop showing up in the census. That is a clue that they probably died in the last 10 years. The death certificate is important because of all the possible secondary data beyond just the date and place of death:
- birth date and place of the deceased
- maiden name of the wife
- names of the deceased's parents
- birth places of the deceased's parents.
Some of the examples shown above are index entries. That means for each of them an actual, original, full certificate exists. It is highly advisable to order the original certificate. It will contain many details not given in the index. In some cases, the image of the original is found online. Instructions are given below on obtaining the original certificate in other cases.
Gather as many birth, marriage, and death records as possible.[edit | edit source]
How to Find the Records[edit | edit source]
There are basically three ways to find these indexes or full original certificates:
- Online databases
- Writing to a town clerk
- Purchasing them through the mail at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC.gov
Online databases, usually indexes, with some images[edit | edit source]
Writing to a Town Clerk[edit | edit source]
Vital records were first kept in Maine from the earliest permanent settlement in the 1600's. All original records are maintained by the town or city and can be viewed at the town or city clerk’s office or requested in writing. A centralized registration system was established in 1921.
Order Certificates from Maine Vital Records Department.[edit | edit source]
Almost always the full original certificate will contain information not contained in the index. Although it costs money, consider sending for the full original certificates, particularly for direct line ancestors (grandparents, great-grandparents, etc).
- Where to Write for Maine Birth, Marriage, Death and Divorce Records at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC.gov
For more information on birth, marriage, and death records in Maine, see How to Find Maine Birth Records, How to Find Maine Marriage Records, and How to Find Maine Death Records.
Step 4: Try to find additional details about ancestors in obituaries, cemetery records, and Social Security records online.[edit | edit source]
There are additional record collections available, based upon a person's death: obituaries, cemetery records, and Social Security records. These are a great source for more details about a person. Here are some examples; notice the level of details.
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Obituaries[edit | edit source]
- 1930-Current U.S., Obituary Collection, 1930-Current at Ancestry — index ($)
- 1980-2014 United States, GenealogyBank Obituaries, Births, and Marriages 1980-2014 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
- Find Online Obituaries, Newspapers, Cemetery and Death Records at Archives.com — index & images ($)
- Maine Newspapers and Obituaries at LDS Genealogy — index
- Maine Obituaries at ObitsArchive.com — index & images ($)
- Obituary Search Within Maine Only at Maine State Library — index ($)
- Online Maine Death Records and Indexes at DeathIndexes.com — index
Cemeteries[edit | edit source]
- 1620-2014 Maine, Tombstone Inscriptions, Surname Index, 1620-2014 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index
- 1650-2000 Cemetery Transcriptions from the NEHGS Manuscript Collections, 1650-2000 at American Ancestors — index & images ($)
- 1718-2014 Maine, U.S., Tombstone Inscriptions, Surname Index, 1718-2014 at Ancestry — index ($)
- 1780-1980 Maine, Nathan Hale Cemetery Collection, ca. 1780-1980 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images; Also at: Ancestry ($)
- 1780-1990 Maine, Faylene Hutton Cemetery Collection, ca. 1780-1990 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images; Also at: Ancestry ($)
- 1780-1999 Maine, J. Gary Nichols Cemetery Collection, ca. 1780-1999 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images; Also at: Ancestry ($)
- 1949-1969 United States, Cemetery Abstracts, 1949-1969 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index
- A Few Cemeteries in Maine at RootsWeb — index
- BillionGraves — index & images
- BillionGraves Index at FamilySearch — How to Use This Collection; index; Also at: Findmypast ($)
- FindaGrave — index & images
- Find a Grave Index at FamilySearch — How to Use This Collection; index; Also at: Ancestry ($)
- Maine Cemeteries at USGenWeb Tombstones — index
- Maine Death Records and Maine Cemetery Record at Interment.net — index
- Online Maine Death Records and Indexes at DeathIndexes.com — index
U.S. Social Security Death Index and Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007[edit | edit source]
- The U.S. Social Security program began in 1935 but most deaths recorded in the index happened after 1962.
- The Social Security Death index includes those who had a Social Security number and/or applied for benefits.
- You can search these records online at
- 1935-2014 U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014 at Ancestry — index ($)
- 1936-2007 U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 at Ancestry — index ($); Picks up where the Social Security Death Index (SSDI) leaves off by providing information filed in the application or claims process
- 1962-2014 United States Social Security Death Index at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index
- If you find an ancestor in the SSDI index, you can order a copy of their original Social Security application (SS-5). If you can prove the individual has died (by sending an obituary or copy of their cemetery headstone), the application will also give the deceased's parents' names, if listed.
For more information, see Maine Obituaries and Maine Cemeteries.
Step 5: Search military records: World War I and II draft cards.[edit | edit source]
There are many different types of military records: draft records, enlistment records, service records, pension records, etc. Information in military records can vary from a simple lists of name, age, and residence, to more detailed records including name, residence, age, occupation, marital status, birthplace, physical description, number of dependents, pensions received, disabled veterans, needy veterans, widows or orphans of veterans, and other information.
Example of a World War I draft card.
Example of a World War II draft card.
Search the World War I and World War II Draft Collections for male relatives.[edit | edit source]
- 1917-1918 United States World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
- 1942 United States World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
For more information and additional collections, see Maine Military Records.
Step 6: Look for church records online.[edit | edit source]
Church records function as vital records.
- An infant christening or baptism record documents a birth.
- Many, if not most, people are married in a church, and then a record is created by the minister.
- Likewise, ministers presided over funerals, then creating a burial record, which documents a death.
Church records are particularly helpful prior to the advent of civil registration.
An example of an indexed marriage entry and original record from the important Drouin Collection. This collection is a comprehensive record of church records of multiple religions from 1695 to 1954.
Search for church records that can provide additional birth, marriage, and death information.[edit | edit source]
- 1670-1921 Maine Vital Records, 1670-1921 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
- 1734-1907 Maine, Church Records, 1734-1907 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index
- 1739-1900 Maine Births and Christenings, 1739-1900 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index
- 1771-1907 Maine Marriages, 1771-1907 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index
- 1841-1910 Maine Deaths and Burials, 1841-1910 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index
- 1854-1892 Maine: Marriages by Reverend H.F.A. Patterson, 1854-1892 at American Ancestors — index & images ($)
Catholic[edit | edit source]
The Drouin Collection[edit | edit source]
- 1695-1954 U.S., French Catholic Church Records (Drouin Collection), 1695-1954 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
Lutheran[edit | edit source]
- 1781-1969 U.S., Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Church Records, 1781-1969 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
- 1800-1947 U.S., Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, Swedish American Church Records, 1800-1947 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
- For help with church records kept in Maine, see Maine Church Records.
- To search records by denomination, if you know your ancestors religion, go to Searching for Church Records by Denomination.
Step 7: Search for online wills and probate packets.[edit | edit source]
- County probate records include probate proceedings, petitions, affidavits, orders for sales, reports of sales, administrators' and executors' bonds, guardianship papers, wills, and letters of administration.
- In a will book, usually just a transcription of the will is recorded. But all of these other records are kept in a probate packet.
- Administrations are probate proceedings that handled an estate if no known will existed.
Search these indexes and images for probate records.[edit | edit source]
- 1584-1999 Maine, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1584-1999 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
- 1640-1760 Maine Wills, 1640-1760 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
- 1760-1979 Maine, County Probate Records, 1760-1979 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
Probate Information in County Wiki Articles[edit | edit source]
Each Maine county Research Wiki page lists additional probate sources, including where to write for records: Maine Counties
For more information, see Maine Probate Records and United States Probate Records.
Step 8: If any ancestor was an immigrant, search immigration and naturalization records online.[edit | edit source]
The census records may show that an ancestor was born in another country. It will be necessary to try to find the town or city they were born in to continue research in the country of origin. Searches of immigration records (usually passenger lists) and naturalization (citizenship) records would be the next step.
Look for immigrant ancestors in shipping lists and citizenship sources.[edit | edit source]
Maine Immigration Records[edit | edit source]
- 1500-1900 U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s at Ancestry — index ($)
- 1795-1925 U.S., Passport Applications, 1795-1925 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
- 1894-1962 Maine, U.S., Arriving and Departing Passenger and Crew Lists, 1894-1962 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
- 1949-1958 Maine, Crew List Arriving at Eastport, 1949-1958 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
Maine Naturalization and Citizenship Online Records[edit | edit source]
- 1718-1957 Maine, State Archive Collections, 1718-1957 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
- 1787-1906 United States, New England, Petitions for Naturalization, 1787-1906 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
- 1787-1991 Maine, U.S., Federal Naturalization Records, 1787-1991 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
- 1791-1906 United States, New England Petitions for Naturalization Index, 1791-1906 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
- 1800-1990 Maine, County Naturalization Records, 1800-1990 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
- 1833-1868 Maine, Bath, Seamen's Proofs of Citizenship, 1833-1868 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
For more information, see Maine Emigration and Immigration and Maine Naturalization and Citizenship.
Step 9: Search for printed local histories or biography collections online.[edit | edit source]
Local Histories[edit | edit source]
- Published histories of towns, counties, and states sometimes contain biographies and accounts of early or prominent families.
- Here are several websites that feature online copies of printed county histories: Maine; that will bring up too many hits. Just use the name of the county and "county": for example, "Hyde County"
- Google Books. Use keywords "Maine" and the county name. Hits will list online readable books, lists of libraries that carry the book, and purchasing opportunities.
- Family History Books
- County and Town Histories
- Internet Archive. Use keywords "Maine" and the county name.
- Ancestry.com ($). In the Card Catalog search box, use Maine and the name of the county.
FamilySearch Collected Local Histories[edit | edit source]
- Local histories are extensively collected by the FamilySearch Library, public and university libraries, and state and local historical societies.
- If you have access to the FamilySearch Library or a FamilySearch center, you can find local histories by:
- Go to the FamilySearch Catalog.
- In the "Place" field, type the name of your county and click "Search".
- A list of subheadings for the county will appear. Local histories containing genealogies and biographies will be found under Biography, Genealogy, History, or History - Indexes.
Biography Collections[edit | edit source]
These collections of biographies can be searched online. Most have a table of contents and an index. Or use the "Find" function on a computer.
- American Biographical Library at Ancestry — index ($)
- Biographical Sketches of Representative Citizens of the State of Maine. Boston: New England Historical Publishing Company, 1903. Online at: HathiTrust
- County and Town Histories, Maine at LearnWebSkills — index & images
- Maine's Hall of Fame, by Frank Carlos Griffith.. n.p.: n.p., n.d. Online at: HathiTrust
Step 10: Contact a local historical or genealogical society.[edit | edit source]
- County historical societies have collections that are frequently little known and often overlooked.
- Many have a surname file, where they have collected genealogies, newspaper clippings, old photographs, etc.
- Many have a sort of "pioneer ancestor" program, where people can submit pedigrees to prove they are the descendants of an early resident of the county.
- Most keep track of queries about families that once lived in the area from other distant relatives who may actually have more family memorabilia than you.
- If you can find the society on the internet, they may list their holdings. Or call them on the phone, find out what they have, and find out what arrangements can be made to search their collection. Frequently, you can hire one of their members to search the collection for you.
This online directory by GenealogyInc. lists historical and genealogical societies by county: Click on the map to select a county, then scroll down to the historical or genealogical society listings. Here is an example of an internet website for a local genealogical society.
Step 11: Use other FamilySearch tools.[edit | edit source]
Historical Images[edit | edit source]
Records collected and digitized by FamilySearch can all be found through their Historical Images feature.
- Maine, United States Historical Images, New Version
- Maine, United States Historical Images, Old Version
Maine Online Genealogy Records[edit | edit source]
Search any other online records listed in Maine Online Genealogy Records. The steps given here are intended to list record sources which can most efficiently identify descendants. Many other online records which might or might not mention descendants are listed in the Maine Online Genealogy Records page, including immigration records, land records, military records, newspapers, and probate records, and others. These can be records that cover a smaller group within the population, such as men who served in the military, etc.
Step 12: Study the Research Wiki pages for any county in Maine.[edit | edit source]
This article focused more on Maine state or state-wide records. There is a separate Wiki article for each county in Maine. These articles give information, office addresses, and links to county records.