Step-by-Step Indiana Research, 1880--Present
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Step 1. Find out everything possible from living relatives and their family records.
Every good genealogy project starts with finding all the clues that can be gathered from living relatives — both from their memories and from documents or memorabilia in their homes.
What are the best questions to ask?
In order to extend research, ask for names, dates, and places. Everything about who a relative was and when and where they lived is a clue to a new record search. For ideas, see :
- 50 Questions to Ask Relatives About Family History at ThoughtCo.com
- Creating Oral Histories at FamilySearch Wiki
What documents should be collected or copied?
Because these records cover names, dates, places, and relationships, they are a valuable source of clues. Look for them in your home, your parents' home, and ask living grandparents to check for them.
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Step 2. Find ancestors in every possible census record, 1850-1950, online.
- A census is a count and description of the population for a given date. A census took a "snapshot" of a family on a certain day.
- For each person living in a household (depending on the year), their name, age, birthplace, relationship to head of household, place of birth for father and mother, citizenship status, year of immigration, mother of how many children and number of children living, native language, and whether they were a veteran of the military can be listed.
- Searching for a family in census records every ten years can identify all the children in a family.
- Searching in earlier census records to find someone as a child can identify parents.=== Using clues to lead to census record searches. ===
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1910 census of Fort Wayne Ward 4, Allen, Indiana
1920 census of Jefferson, Allen, Indiana
1930 census of Jefferson, Allen, Indiana
Louise Main is now a widow.
1940 census of Jefferson, Allen, Indiana
Finding the next generation back.
In the 1900 census, John G. Main is found as the son of Clarence and Susan Main in Jefferson, Allen, Indiana.
Finding yet another generation back.
There is no 1890 census. In the 1880 census, Clarence Main is listed in the home of his parents, George W, and Synthia Main.
Look for ancestors in as many censuses as possible. Use the clues from each census for hints where to find families in both earlier and later census records.
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For more information, see Indiana Census and United States Census.
Step 3: Find birth, marriage, and death certificates for ancestors and their children.
States, counties, or (even towns in some states) recorded births, marriages, and deaths.
- In addition to the child's name, birth date, and place of birth, a birth certificate may give the birthplaces of the parents, their ages, and occupations.
- A marriage certificate might list the parents of the bride and groom.
- A death certificate may give the person's birth date and place, parents' names and birthplaces, and spouse's name.
Using census clues to lead to a birth certificate.
Census information gives approximate birth years and probable birth places, and that information leads to finding important birth records. In addition to basic birth date and place, a birth certificate can give age, birthplace, occupation, etc. about the parents.
Example of a birth index entry.
Using census clues to lead to a marriage certificate.
Finding marriage records can:
- establish the full identity of the wife, with her maiden name and possible birth details.
- find the names of the parents of the bride and groom.
Example of a marriage index entry.
Using census clues to lead to a death certificate.
Moving forward in time, older generations stop showing up in the census. That is a clue that they probably died in the last 10 years. The death certificate is important because of all the possible secondary data beyond just the date and place of death:
- birth date and place of the deceased
- maiden name of the wife
- names of the deceased's parents
- birth places of the deceased's parents.
Example of a death index entry.
The examples shown above are index entries. That means for each of them an actual, original, full certificate exists. It is highly advisable to order the original certificate. It will contain many details not given in the index. Instructions are given below on obtaining the original certificate.
Gather as many birth, marriage, and death records as possible.
How to Find the Records
There are basically three ways to find these indexes or full original certificates:
- Online databases
- Writing to a county courthouse (prior to the beginning of state civil registration)
- Purchasing them through the mail at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC.gov
Records at the County Courthouse.
These records were originally created by county clerks, and then copies were sent to the state. County clerks can be willing to help find all the birth records for one family or perform other searches that the state would not do. To contact county clerks by e-mail or telephone, go to the Wiki article for each county. Links to the county Wiki articles are found at the end of this page or by clicking here: Indiana Counties.
Order Certificates from Indiana Vital Records Department.
Almost always the full original certificate will contain information not contained in the index. Although it costs money, consider sending for the full original certificates, particularly for direct line ancestors (grandparents, great-grandparents, etc).
- Where to Write for Indiana Birth, Marriage, Death and Divorce Records at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC.gov
For more information on birth, marriage, and death records in Indiana, see How to Find Indiana Birth Records, How to Find Indiana Marriage Records, and How to Find Indiana Death Records.
Step 4: Try to find additional details about ancestors in obituaries, cemetery records, and Social Security records online.
There are additional record collections available, based upon a person's death: obituaries, cemetery records, and Social Security records. These are a great source for more details about a person. Here are some examples; notice the level of details.
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Obituaries
- 1750-1993 Indiana Deaths and Burials, 1750-1993 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index
- 1804-1992 Indiana Newspaper Archives 1804-1992 at GenealogyBank — index & images ($)
- 1980-2014 United States, GenealogyBank Obituaries, Births, and Marriages 1980-2014 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
- Hoosier State Chronicles at Indiana State Library — index & images
- Indiana Online Historical Newspapers at Google Sites
- MennObits - the Indexes at Mennonite Church USA Archives — index
- Online Indiana Death Records and Indexes at DeathIndexes.com — index
Cemeteries
- 1949-1969 United States, Cemetery Abstracts, 1949-1969 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index
- BillionGraves — index & images
- BillionGraves Index at FamilySearch — How to Use This Collection; index; Also at: Findmypast ($)
- FindaGrave — index & images
- Find a Grave Index at FamilySearch — How to Use This Collection; index; Also at: Ancestry ($)
- Indiana Cemeteries at USGenWeb Tombstones — index
- Indiana Cemetery Records at AccessGenealogy — index
- Indiana Death Records and Indiana Cemetery Records at Interment.net — index
- Online Indiana Death Records and Indexes at DeathIndexes.com
- RecordAGrave Index at FamilySearch — How to Use This Collection; index
- VINE - Cemetery Records at Indiana State Library — index
U.S. Social Security Death Index and Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007
- The U.S. Social Security program began in 1935 but most deaths recorded in the index happened after 1962.
- The Social Security Death index includes those who had a Social Security number and/or applied for benefits.
- You can search these records online at
- 1935-2014 U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014 at Ancestry — index ($)
- 1936-2007 U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 at Ancestry — index ($); Picks up where the Social Security Death Index (SSDI) leaves off by providing information filed in the application or claims process
- 1962-2014 United States Social Security Death Index at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index
- If you find an ancestor in the SSDI index, you can order a copy of their original Social Security application (SS-5). If you can prove the individual has died (by sending an obituary or copy of their cemetery headstone), the application will also give the deceased's parents' names, if listed.
For more information, see Indiana Obituaries and Indiana Cemeteries.
Step 5: Search military records: World War I and II draft cards.
There are many different types of military records: draft records, enlistment records, service records, pension records, etc. Information in military records can vary from a simple lists of name, age, and residence, to more detailed records including name, residence, age, occupation, marital status, birthplace, physical description, number of dependents, pensions received, disabled veterans, needy veterans, widows or orphans of veterans, and other information.
Example of a World War I draft card.
Example of a World War II draft card.
Search the World War I and World War II Draft Collections for male relatives.
- 1917-1918 United States World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
- 1942 United States World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1942 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
Other Military Collections for Indiana
World War I
- 1914-1918 Indiana Gold Star Honor Roll, 1914-1918 at Ancestry — index ($)
World War II
- 1941-1946 Web: Indiana, U.S., World War II Servicemen Database Index, 1941-1946 at Ancestry — index ($)
- 1942-1946 WWII Servicemen Database at Indiana State Library — index
Korean War, 1950-1953
- U.S. Military Fatal Casualties of the Korean War for Home-State-of-Record: Indiana at Archives.gov — index
Vietnam War, 1964-1972
- The Vietnam Veterans Memorial - Indiana at VietVet.org — index
- U.S. Military Fatal Casualties of the Vietnam War for Home-State-of-Record: Indiana at Archives.gov — index
For more information and additional collections, see Indiana Military Records.
Step 6: Look for church records online.
Church records function as vital records.
- An infant christening or baptism record documents a birth.
- Many, if not most, people are married in a church, and then a record is created by the minister.
- Likewise, ministers presided over funerals, then creating a burial record, which documents a death.
Church records are particularly helpful prior to the advent of civil registration.
Search for church records that can provide additional birth, marriage, and death information.
- 1743-1966 Indiana, Church Records, 1743-1966 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index
- 1773-1933 Indiana Births and Christenings, 1773-1933 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index; Also at: American Ancestors ($), Findmypast ($), MyHeritage ($)
- 1780-1992 Indiana Marriages, 1780-1992 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index
- Church Records Found in State of Indiana(*) Daughters of the American Revolution (Indiana) at FamilySearch Catalog — index & images
Dutch Reformed
- 1639-1989 U.S., Dutch Reformed Church Records in Selected States, 1639-1989 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
- 1701-1995 U.S., Selected States Dutch Reformed Church Membership Records, 1701-1995 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
- 1856-1970 U.S., Dutch Christian Reformed Church Membership Records, 1856-1970 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
- 1856-1970 U.S., Dutch Christian Reformed Church Vital Records, 1856-1970 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
Lutheran
- 1781-1969 U.S., Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Church Records, 1781-1969 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
- 1800-1947 U.S., Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, Swedish American Church Records, 1800-1947 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
Methodist
- 1837-1970 Indiana, U.S., United Methodist Church Records, 1837-1970 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
Presbyterian
- 1701-1970 U.S., Presbyterian Church Records, 1701-1970 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
Quaker
- 1681-1935 U.S., Quaker Meeting Records, 1681-1935 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
- 1836-1921 Indiana, U.S., Selected Quaker Meeting Directories, 1836-1921 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
- Abstracts of the Records of the Society of Friends in Indiana, by Heiss, Willard C., William Wade Hinshaw and Society of Friends (Indiana). Indianapolis, Indiana: Indiana Historical Society, 1962-1977. Online at: FamilySearch Digital Library; Vol. 7, Parts 1-6, Index
For help with church records kept in Indiana, see Indiana Church Records.
To search records by denomination, if you know your ancestors religion, go to Searching for Church Records by Denomination.
Step 7: Search for online wills and probate packets.
- County probate records include probate proceedings, petitions, affidavits, orders for sales, reports of sales, administrators' and executors' bonds, guardianship papers, wills, and letters of administration.
- In a will book, usually just a transcription of the will is recorded. But all of these other records are kept in a probate packet.
- Administrations are probate proceedings that handled an estate if no known will existed.
Search these indexes and images for probate records.
- 1798-1999 Indiana, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1798-1999 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
Probate Information in County Wiki Articles
Each Indiana county Research Wiki page lists additional probate sources, including where to write for records: Indiana Counties
For more information, see Indiana Probate Records and United States Probate Records.
Step 8: If any ancestor was an immigrant, search immigration and naturalization records online.
The census records may show that an ancestor was born in another country. It will be necessary to try to find the town or city they were born in to continue research in the country of origin. Searches of immigration records (usually passenger lists) and naturalization (citizenship) records would be the next step.
Look for immigrant ancestors in shipping lists and citizenship sources.
Indiana Immigration Records
- 1895-1956 United States, Border Crossings from Canada, 1895-1956 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
- 1945-1956 Indiana, Gary and East Chicago Crew Lists, 1945-1956 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
Indiana Naturalization and Citizenship Online Records
- 1791-1992 U.S., Naturalization Record Indexes, 1791-1992 (Indexed in World Archives Project) at Ancestry — index & images ($)
- 1848-1993 Indiana Naturalization Records and Indexes, 1848-1993 at FamilySearch — How to Use this Collection; index & images
- 1892-1992 Indiana, U.S., Federal Naturalization Records, 1892-1992 at Ancestry — index & images ($)
- Pre-1907 Naturalization Records at IndianaHistory.org — index
- 1944-2003 U.S., Index to Alien Case Files,1944-2003 at Ancestry — index ($)
- Indiana Archives Digital Index Records at Indiana Archives and Records Administration — index
For more information, see Indiana Emigration and Immigration and Indiana Naturalization and Citizenship.
Step 9: Search for printed local histories or biography collections online.
Local Histories
- Published histories of towns, counties, and states sometimes contain biographies and accounts of early or prominent families.
- Here are several websites that feature online copies of printed county histories: Indiana; that will bring up too many hits. Just use the name of the county and "county": for example, "Hyde County"
- Google Books. Use keywords "Indiana" and the county name. Hits will list online readable books, lists of libraries that carry the book, and purchasing opportunities.
- Family History Books
- County and Town Histories
- Internet Archive. Use keywords "Indiana" and the county name.
- Ancestry.com ($). In the Card Catalog search box, use Indiana and the name of the county.
FamilySearch Collected Local Histories
- Local histories are extensively collected by the FamilySearch Library, public and university libraries, and state and local historical societies.
- If you have access to the FamilySearch Library or a FamilySearch center, you can find local histories by:
- Go to the FamilySearch Catalog.
- In the "Place" field, type the name of your county and click "Search".
- A list of subheadings for the county will appear. Local histories containing genealogies and biographies will be found under Biography, Genealogy, History, or History - Indexes.
Biography Collections
- An Illustrated History of the State of Indiana, by De Witt C. Goodrich and Charles R. Tuttle. Indianapolis: Richard S. Peale and Company, 1875. Online at: HathiTrust
- Biographical and Historical Sketches of Early Indiana, by William Wesley Woollen. Indianapolis: Hammond and Company, 1883. Online at: HathiTrust
- County and Town Histories, Indiana at LearnWebSkills — index
- Encyclopedia of Biography of Indiana, Volume II by George Irving Reed. Chicago: Century Publishing and Engraving Company, 1899. Online at: HathiTrust
- Indiana Biographies at Deb Murray — index
- Indiana Biography Index at Indiana State Library — index
- Indiana Today, by C. Walter McCarty. Indianapolis: Indiana Editors' Association, 1942. Online at: HathiTrust
- Memorial Record of Northeastern Indiana, Chicago: Lewis Publishing Company, 1896. Online at: HathiTrust
- Men of Indiana in Nineteen Hundred and One, Indianapolis, Indiana and Cleveland, Ohio: Benesch Publishing Company, 1901. Online at: HathiTrust
- Men of Progress, Indiana, by Will Cumback and J. B. Maynard. Indianapolis: Indianapolis Sentinel Company, 1899. Online at: HathiTrust
- Who's Hoosier, V. 1-2, by Wilbur D. Nesbit. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1911. Online at: HathiTrust
For more information, see Indiana Biography.
Step 10: Contact a local historical or genealogical society.
- County historical societies have collections that are frequently little known and often overlooked.
- Many have a surname file, where they have collected genealogies, newspaper clippings, old photographs, etc.
- Many have a sort of "pioneer ancestor" program, where people can submit pedigrees to prove they are the descendants of an early resident of the county.
- Most keep track of queries about families that once lived in the area from other distant relatives who may actually have more family memorabilia than you.
- If you can find the society on the internet, they may list their holdings. Or call them on the phone, find out what they have, and find out what arrangements can be made to search their collection. Frequently, you can hire one of their members to search the collection for you.
- For more information, see Indiana Societies.
The online directory by GenealogyInc. lists historical and genealogical societies by county: Click on the list to select a county, then scroll down to the historical or genealogical society listings.
Step 11: Use other FamilySearch tools.
Historical Images
Records collected and digitized by FamilySearch can all be found through their Historical Images feature.
- Indiana, United States Historical Images, New Version
- Indiana, United States Historical Images, Old Version
Indiana Online Genealogy Records
Search any other online records listed in Indiana Online Genealogy Records. The steps given here are intended to list record sources which can most efficiently identify descendants. Many other online records which might or might not mention descendants are listed in the Indiana Online Genealogy Records page, including immigration records, land records, military records, newspapers, and probate records, and others. These can be records that cover a smaller group within the population, such as men who served in the military, etc.
Step 12: Study the Research Wiki pages for any county in Indiana.
This article focused more on Indiana state or state-wide records. There is a separate Wiki article for each county in Indiana. These articles give information, office addresses, and links to county records.