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Germans in Hamilton County, Ohio: Difference between revisions
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Many Germans in Hamilton County came from the Osnabrück district in Hannover, now Niedersachsen. Approximately 20% of the nearly 100,000 people who left this area came to Greater Cincinnati. Between 1830 and 1890, over one half of the emigrants from the Osnabrück town of Venne, at least for a period of time, were residents in Cincinnati. Of the 318 founding members of Cincinnati’s North German Lutheran Church in 1839, 80% came from the Osnabrück district.<ref>Udo Thörner, Venne in America (Osnabrück: Arbeitskreis Familienforschung Osnabrück e.V., 2008), 99, 101, English translation.</ref> | Many Germans in Hamilton County came from the Osnabrück district in Hannover, now Niedersachsen. Approximately 20% of the nearly 100,000 people who left this area came to Greater Cincinnati. Between 1830 and 1890, over one half of the emigrants from the Osnabrück town of Venne, at least for a period of time, were residents in Cincinnati. Of the 318 founding members of Cincinnati’s North German Lutheran Church in 1839, 80% came from the Osnabrück district.<ref>Udo Thörner, Venne in America (Osnabrück: Arbeitskreis Familienforschung Osnabrück e.V., 2008), 99, 101, English translation.</ref> | ||
*Surnames of families described in the book ''Venne in America ''are listed in | *Surnames of families described in the book ''Venne in America ''are listed in [http://www.venne-families.de “Venne – Emigration History”] | ||
*Two articles in the Hamilton County Genealogical Society’s ''Tracer'' 26:2 explain the strong connection between the Osnabrück region and Hamilton County: Jim Dempsey, “Osnabrücker Land” and Udo Thörner, “Venne, Osnabrücker Land - Emigration History” | *Two articles in the Hamilton County Genealogical Society’s ''Tracer'' 26:2 explain the strong connection between the Osnabrück region and Hamilton County: Jim Dempsey, “Osnabrücker Land” and Udo Thörner, “Venne, Osnabrücker Land - Emigration History” | ||
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Compared to all Germans in the U.S., in Cincinnati in 1870 there were seven times as many Oldenburgers, two and half times as many Hannoverians, one and a half times as many Bavarians, and the same proportion of Badenese. On the other hand, there were half as many Brunswickers, Hessians, and Saxons in Cincinnati compared to the rest of the U.S., and even fewer people from Nassau and Mecklenburg. Most of the Hannoverians and Oldenburgers in Ohio lived in Cincinnati.<ref>Walter Kamphoefner, The Westphalians: From Germany to Missouri (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1987), 84-85.</ref> | Compared to all Germans in the U.S., in Cincinnati in 1870 there were seven times as many Oldenburgers, two and half times as many Hannoverians, one and a half times as many Bavarians, and the same proportion of Badenese. On the other hand, there were half as many Brunswickers, Hessians, and Saxons in Cincinnati compared to the rest of the U.S., and even fewer people from Nassau and Mecklenburg. Most of the Hannoverians and Oldenburgers in Ohio lived in Cincinnati.<ref>Walter Kamphoefner, The Westphalians: From Germany to Missouri (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1987), 84-85.</ref> | ||
A search of “Germans to America Passenger Data File, 1850-1897” results in entries for 10,218 people coming to Cincinnati whose passenger records specified origins other than Germany and the U.S.<ref>This data is part of the National Archives’ Access to Archival Databases, http://aad.archives.gov/aad/fielded-search.jsp?dt=2102&amp;tf=F&amp;cat=GP44&amp;bc=,sl.</ref> | A search of “Germans to America Passenger Data File, 1850-1897” results in entries for 10,218 people coming to Cincinnati whose passenger records specified origins other than Germany and the U.S.<ref>This data is part of the National Archives’ Access to Archival Databases, http://aad.archives.gov/aad/fielded-search.jsp?dt=2102&amp;amp;amp;tf=F&amp;amp;amp;cat=GP44&amp;amp;amp;bc=,sl.</ref> | ||
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These percentages aren’t precise. Many ship lists did not record the origins or destinations of passengers, and it’s likely that many people from Westfalen and other states reported Prussia as their state of origin. Only 67 passengers coming to Cincinnati are listed with Westfalen (part of Prussia after 1815) as their state of origin in this database, although many more Westphalians came to Cincinnati. At any rate, this list points out the prevalence (67%) of north German states in the origins of over 10,000 passengers coming to Cincinnati between 1850 and 1897. | These percentages aren’t precise. Many ship lists did not record the origins or destinations of passengers, and it’s likely that many people from Westfalen and other states reported Prussia as their state of origin. Only 67 passengers coming to Cincinnati are listed with Westfalen (part of Prussia after 1815) as their state of origin in this database, although many more Westphalians came to Cincinnati. At any rate, this list points out the prevalence (67%) of north German states in the origins of over 10,000 passengers coming to Cincinnati between 1850 and 1897. | ||
At least thirteen regional assistance societies were established in Cincinnati by 1915. These societies and their dates of founding include Baden (1872), Rheinpfalz (1874), Bayern (1875), Schwaben (1875), Schleswig-Holstein (1880), North Germany (1884), Sachsen (1887), Germany-Hungary (1910), Rheinland and Westfalen (1891), Germany-Austria (1891), Hessen (1897), Oldenburg (1898), Siebenbürger Sachsen (1907).<ref>August Gorbach, Deutscher Vereins-Wegweiser von Cincinnati, Ohio (Cincinnati: S. Rosenthal &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Co., 1915).</ref> | At least thirteen regional assistance societies were established in Cincinnati by 1915. These societies and their dates of founding include Baden (1872), Rheinpfalz (1874), Bayern (1875), Schwaben (1875), Schleswig-Holstein (1880), North Germany (1884), Sachsen (1887), Germany-Hungary (1910), Rheinland and Westfalen (1891), Germany-Austria (1891), Hessen (1897), Oldenburg (1898), Siebenbürger Sachsen (1907).<ref>August Gorbach, Deutscher Vereins-Wegweiser von Cincinnati, Ohio (Cincinnati: S. Rosenthal &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Co., 1915).</ref> | ||
In the 1950s many Germans arrived in Hamilton County, including Donauschwaben (Danube Swabians) and others from the ethnic German areas of southeastern Europe. | In the 1950s many Germans arrived in Hamilton County, including Donauschwaben (Danube Swabians) and others from the ethnic German areas of southeastern Europe. | ||
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*OHS: Ohio Historical Society, Columbus | *OHS: Ohio Historical Society, Columbus | ||
*PLCH: Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County | *PLCH: Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County | ||
*''Tracer'' #:#: journal published by the Hamilton County Genealogical Society, with volume and number. 1979-2008 issues are | *''Tracer'' #:#: journal published by the Hamilton County Genealogical Society, with volume and number. 1979-2008 issues are [http://www.hcgsohio.org/publications.shtml available on a CD] and an article index to these issues is [http://www.hcgsohio.org/tracerarticleindex.pdf on the HCGS website]. | ||
== German newspapers == | == German newspapers == | ||
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=== Secular newspapers === | === Secular newspapers === | ||
The Hamilton County Genealogical Society has | The Hamilton County Genealogical Society has [http://www.hcgsdata.org/obit.shtml an index to death notices] in four German newspapers before 1920. The online index gives the decade and newspaper title. An asterisk after a name in the published index indicates that the person’s birthplace is given in the death notice. A plus sign before the newspaper’s title listed below indicates that it is included in the online index. A copy of the published index entry (not the obituary) may be [http://www.hcgsohio.org/research.shtml ordered from HCGS]. | ||
Locations and published indexes of secular newspapers: | Locations and published indexes of secular newspapers: | ||
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*+''Freie Presse,'' 1874-1964, PLCH, CHLA, ARB, microfilm. This book indexes 38,000 ''Freie Presse'' death notices, marriages and missing heirs: Jeffrey Herbert, ''Index of Death and Other Notices Appearing in the Cincinnati Freie Presse, 1874-1920, Parts I and II'' (Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1993). | *+''Freie Presse,'' 1874-1964, PLCH, CHLA, ARB, microfilm. This book indexes 38,000 ''Freie Presse'' death notices, marriages and missing heirs: Jeffrey Herbert, ''Index of Death and Other Notices Appearing in the Cincinnati Freie Presse, 1874-1920, Parts I and II'' (Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1993). | ||
*+''Volksblatt,'' 1836-1918, PLCH, OHS, CHLA, ARB, microfilm. This book indexes death notices in the largest German newspaper west of the Alleghenies in the late 1800s: Jeffrey Herbert, ''Index of Death Notices Appearing in the Cincinnati Volksblatt, 1846-1918'' (Westminster, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2008). | *+''Volksblatt,'' 1836-1918, PLCH, OHS, CHLA, ARB, microfilm. This book indexes death notices in the largest German newspaper west of the Alleghenies in the late 1800s: Jeffrey Herbert, ''Index of Death Notices Appearing in the Cincinnati Volksblatt, 1846-1918'' (Westminster, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2008). | ||
*+''Volksfreund,'' 1850-1908, PLCH, CHLA, microfilm; [http://www.GenealogyBank.com | *+''Volksfreund,'' 1850-1908, PLCH, CHLA, microfilm; [http://www.GenealogyBank.com GenealogyBank] ($), 1863-1904. Primarily read by German Catholic readers, this newspaper is indexed in: Jeffrey Herbert, ''Index of Death Notices and Marriage Notices Appearing in Cincinnati Volksfreund, 1850-1908'' (Cincinnati: Hamilton County Genealogical Society, 1991). | ||
*''Westliche Blätter,'' 1865-1918, Sunday edition of ''Volksblatt,'' PLCH, OHS, CHLA, ARB. | *''Westliche Blätter,'' 1865-1918, Sunday edition of ''Volksblatt,'' PLCH, OHS, CHLA, ARB. | ||
*+''Zeitung'', 1887-1901, PLCH, CHLA, microfilm. This book indexes the labor ''Zeitung''’s 20,000 death entries including many people in institutions; Jeffrey Herbert, ''Index of Death Lists Appearing in the Cincinnatier Zeitung, 1887-1901'' (Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999). | *+''Zeitung'', 1887-1901, PLCH, CHLA, microfilm. This book indexes the labor ''Zeitung''’s 20,000 death entries including many people in institutions; Jeffrey Herbert, ''Index of Death Lists Appearing in the Cincinnatier Zeitung, 1887-1901'' (Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1999). | ||
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*''Christliche Apologete,'' 1838-1941. This German Methodist newspaper has advertisements for missing relatives as well as obituaries. Issues are in CHLA Nippert Collection (Mss 873, Series 5), with indexes for many volumes, and Archives of Ohio United Methodism at Ohio Wesleyan University. | *''Christliche Apologete,'' 1838-1941. This German Methodist newspaper has advertisements for missing relatives as well as obituaries. Issues are in CHLA Nippert Collection (Mss 873, Series 5), with indexes for many volumes, and Archives of Ohio United Methodism at Ohio Wesleyan University. | ||
*''Die Deborah,'' German Jewish newspaper, 1855-1902, PLCH, | *''Die Deborah,'' German Jewish newspaper, 1855-1902, PLCH, [http://huc.edu/libraries/collections/ajpc American Jewish Periodical Center] at Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati. | ||
*''Haus und Herd,'' 1873-1918, German Methodist newspaper, PLCH, OHS. | *''Haus und Herd,'' 1873-1918, German Methodist newspaper, PLCH, OHS. | ||
*''Protestantische Zeitblätter,'' 1849-1879, United Lutheran and Reformed Congregation newspaper. 1853-1865 issues are in CHLA, PLCH, ARB | *''Protestantische Zeitblätter,'' 1849-1879, United Lutheran and Reformed Congregation newspaper. 1853-1865 issues are in CHLA, PLCH, and ARB, which has [http://www.libraries.uc.edu/libraries/arb/ger_americana/germaninventories/articles_from_protestantische_zeitbl%E4tter.pdf an article subject index] (not every-name), 1853-1864. | ||
*''Wahrheitsfreund,'' 1837-1907, first German Catholic newspaper in the U.S., PLCH and ARB. | *''Wahrheitsfreund,'' 1837-1907, first German Catholic newspaper in the U.S., PLCH and ARB. | ||
*Overton, Julie. ''The Ministers and Churches of the Central German Conference (Methodist), 1835-1907.'' Thomson, Illinois: Heritage House, 1975. This book has abstracts of long obituaries, most with birthplaces, for ministers in Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana. <span style="display: none" id="1336097615042E"> </span> | *Overton, Julie. ''The Ministers and Churches of the Central German Conference (Methodist), 1835-1907.'' Thomson, Illinois: Heritage House, 1975. This book has abstracts of long obituaries, most with birthplaces, for ministers in Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana. <span style="display: none" id="1336097615042E"> </span> | ||
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*Gorbach, August. ''Deutscher Vereins-Wegweiser von Cincinnati, Ohio.'' Cincinnati: S. Rosenthal & Co., 1915. This book describes the history of 115 German societies, with 77 portraits of officers. | *Gorbach, August. ''Deutscher Vereins-Wegweiser von Cincinnati, Ohio.'' Cincinnati: S. Rosenthal & Co., 1915. This book describes the history of 115 German societies, with 77 portraits of officers. | ||
*Gorbach, August. ''Das Hilfwerk und Cincinnatis deutsche Vereine.'' Cincinnati: S. Rosenthal & Co., 1917. | *Gorbach, August. ''Das Hilfwerk und Cincinnatis deutsche Vereine.'' Cincinnati: S. Rosenthal & Co., 1917. [http://books.google.com/books?id=5I9QAAAAYAAJ&num=13 Digital version]. This book includes a list of 110 German societies in 1917, with their officers and meeting locations. | ||
=== Deutsche Pionier Verein === | === Deutsche Pionier Verein === | ||
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*Andrusko, Samuel M. ''Der Deutsche Pionier: Membership Lists (1869-1887) of the Deutschen Pionier-Vereins of Cincinnati and Branches in Dayton and Toledo (Ohio) and Covington and Newport (Kentucky), With Selected Additional Biographical Information from Obituaries and Biographies in the Deutschen Pionier.'' In ARB and Library of Congress. | *Andrusko, Samuel M. ''Der Deutsche Pionier: Membership Lists (1869-1887) of the Deutschen Pionier-Vereins of Cincinnati and Branches in Dayton and Toledo (Ohio) and Covington and Newport (Kentucky), With Selected Additional Biographical Information from Obituaries and Biographies in the Deutschen Pionier.'' In ARB and Library of Congress. | ||
*Herbert, Jeffrey. ''Index of Death and Other Notices Appearing in the Cincinnati Freie Presse, 1874-1920.'' Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1993. Part II, Appendix B, of this book indexes the names of new DPV members for whom information was printed in ''Freie Presse'' between 1874 and 1929, usually including their birthplace and birthdate. | *Herbert, Jeffrey. ''Index of Death and Other Notices Appearing in the Cincinnati Freie Presse, 1874-1920.'' Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1993. Part II, Appendix B, of this book indexes the names of new DPV members for whom information was printed in ''Freie Presse'' between 1874 and 1929, usually including their birthplace and birthdate. | ||
*''Deutsche Pionier,'' journal, 1869-1887, in PLCH, CHLA, and ARB. 1869-1878 issues are indexed, with some article abstracts, in Clifford Neal Smith, ''Early 19th Century German Settlers in Ohio (Mainly Cincinnati and Environs), Kentucky, and Other States'' (Baltimore, Maryland: Clearfield Publishing Co., 2004), in many libraries and on [http://www. | *''Deutsche Pionier,'' journal, 1869-1887, in PLCH, CHLA, and ARB. 1869-1878 issues are indexed, with some article abstracts, in Clifford Neal Smith, ''Early 19th Century German Settlers in Ohio (Mainly Cincinnati and Environs), Kentucky, and Other States'' (Baltimore, Maryland: Clearfield Publishing Co., 2004), in many libraries and on [http://www.ancestry.com Ancestry.com] ($). 1869-1887 issues are indexed by name and place on the website of the [http://www.nausa.uni-oldenburg.de/pionier/frame.html University of Oldenburg’s Research Center, German Emigrants to the USA]. | ||
*''Vorstandsbericht über das Vereinsjahr deutscher Pionier Verein von Cincinnati,'' annual with obituaries, 1888-1938, is in PLCH and ARB. 1929-1937 issues are indexed in ''Tracer'' 8:2, 8:3, 11:1, 11:2. A typescript index to 1928-1938 issues is in the PLCH Cincinnati Room. | *''Vorstandsbericht über das Vereinsjahr deutscher Pionier Verein von Cincinnati,'' annual with obituaries, 1888-1938, is in PLCH and ARB. 1929-1937 issues are indexed in ''Tracer'' 8:2, 8:3, 11:1, 11:2. A typescript index to 1928-1938 issues is in the PLCH Cincinnati Room. | ||
*''Deutsche Pionier'' and ''Vorstandsbericht'' obituaries are indexed in the PLCH Local History Index card file. | *''Deutsche Pionier'' and ''Vorstandsbericht'' obituaries are indexed in the PLCH Local History Index card file. | ||
*Portraits of 475 DPV members, taken before June 1875, are in CHLA photographic collection SC 105. Their names are indexed in ''Tracer'' 22:1. The “Ratterman” binder in CHLA has thumbnail images of the portraits in alphabetical order. Images from a poster with the portraits, now in the Campbell County Historical and Genealogical Society in Alexandria, Kentucky, and a digital version of a Deutsche Pionier article about the portraits, are available at http://www.nausa.uni-oldenburg.de/pionierbild/index.html. | *Portraits of 475 DPV members, taken before June 1875, are in CHLA photographic collection SC 105. Their names are indexed in ''Tracer'' 22:1. The “Ratterman” binder in CHLA has thumbnail images of the portraits in alphabetical order. Images from a poster with the portraits, now in the Campbell County Historical and Genealogical Society in Alexandria, Kentucky, and a digital version of a Deutsche Pionier article about the portraits, are available at the [http://www.nausa.uni-oldenburg.de/pionierbild/index.html University of Oldenburg’s Research Center, German Emigrants to the USA]. . | ||
*Burck, Kenny, and Cyprych, Deb. “Deathdates of Deutsche Pionier Verein Members,” 1868-1909, ''Tracer'' 29:1 – 30:1; 1909-1954, ''Tracer'' 29:4 – 30:3. | *Burck, Kenny, and Cyprych, Deb. “Deathdates of Deutsche Pionier Verein Members,” 1868-1909, ''Tracer'' 29:1 – 30:1; 1909-1954, ''Tracer'' 29:4 – 30:3. | ||
*Sell, Rainer. “Der Deutsche Pionier-Verein von Cincinnati, Heinrich Armin Rattermann, and ''Der Deutsche Pionier:'' A Nucleus of Nineteenth-Century German-America.” ''Yearbook of German-American Studies'' 20 (1985), 49-60, digital verson at [http://www.nausa.uni-oldenburg.de/pionier/frame.html | *Sell, Rainer. “Der Deutsche Pionier-Verein von Cincinnati, Heinrich Armin Rattermann, and ''Der Deutsche Pionier:'' A Nucleus of Nineteenth-Century German-America.” ''Yearbook of German-American Studies'' 20 (1985), 49-60, digital verson at the [http://www.nausa.uni-oldenburg.de/pionier/frame.html University of Oldenburg’s Research Center, German Emigrants to the USA]. | ||
=== Other German societies === | === Other German societies === | ||