0
edits
Romania History: Difference between revisions
m
no edit summary
mNo edit summary |
mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
Romanian nationalism began to rise in the mid-1800s. Insurrections erupted in Walachia, Moldavia, and Transylvania but were suppressed by the Ottomans and the Russians. Following the Crimean War (1853-1856), Walachia and Moldavia became independent principalities once again, and in 1861 both elected a single prince to rule them, creating the state of Romania with its capital at Bucharest. The Kingdom of Romania was recognized as an independent kingdom with a Hohenzollern monarchy with the 1878 Treaty of Berlin following the Russo-Turkish War. This same treaty also awarded the coastal area of Dobruja to Romania.<br> | Romanian nationalism began to rise in the mid-1800s. Insurrections erupted in Walachia, Moldavia, and Transylvania but were suppressed by the Ottomans and the Russians. Following the Crimean War (1853-1856), Walachia and Moldavia became independent principalities once again, and in 1861 both elected a single prince to rule them, creating the state of Romania with its capital at Bucharest. The Kingdom of Romania was recognized as an independent kingdom with a Hohenzollern monarchy with the 1878 Treaty of Berlin following the Russo-Turkish War. This same treaty also awarded the coastal area of Dobruja to Romania.<br> | ||
[[Image:Romania Modern Historical.jpg|Image:Romania_Modern_Historical.jpg]]<br> | [[Image:Romania Modern Historical.jpg|left|Image:Romania_Modern_Historical.jpg]]<br> | ||
Romania entered World War I with the Allies, but the Germans soon occupied Bucharest and most of the country. After the war and with the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918, Transylvania, Bukovina, part of Banat, and the Russian province of Bessarabia were added to the Kingdom of Romania, bringing it to its largest extent. | Romania entered World War I with the Allies, but the Germans soon occupied Bucharest and most of the country. After the war and with the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918, Transylvania, Bukovina, part of Banat, and the Russian province of Bessarabia were added to the Kingdom of Romania, bringing it to its largest extent. | ||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
A peace treaty signed at Paris on February 10, 1947 confirmed the Soviet annexation of Bessarabia and northern Bukovina (occupied since 1940) and ceded the largely Bulgar-populated southern part of Dobruja to Bulgaria. It also reincorporated into Romania that portion of northern Transylvania granted to Hungary in 1940 under a German and Italian arbitration between Romania and Hungary. In addition, the treaty required substantial war reparations by Romania to the Soviet Union. | A peace treaty signed at Paris on February 10, 1947 confirmed the Soviet annexation of Bessarabia and northern Bukovina (occupied since 1940) and ceded the largely Bulgar-populated southern part of Dobruja to Bulgaria. It also reincorporated into Romania that portion of northern Transylvania granted to Hungary in 1940 under a German and Italian arbitration between Romania and Hungary. In addition, the treaty required substantial war reparations by Romania to the Soviet Union. | ||
Soviet occupation forces supported Communist organizers, and the non-Communist political leaders were purged. In March 1945 King Michael was forced to appoint a Communist-front government. The King abdicated under pressure in December 1947 and the Romanian People’s Republic was declared. With their ascension to power, the Communists, led by Gheorghiu-Dej effectively subordinated national Romanian interests to those of the Soviet Union. After the death of Gheorghiu-Dej in 1965, Nicolae Ceauşescu emerged as the new communist leader and a new constitution was adopted, changing the name of the country to the Socialist Republic of Romania. | Soviet occupation forces supported Communist organizers, and the non-Communist political leaders were purged. In March 1945 King Michael was forced to appoint a Communist-front government. The King abdicated under pressure in December 1947 and the Romanian People’s Republic was declared. With their ascension to power, the Communists, led by Gheorghiu-Dej effectively subordinated national Romanian interests to those of the Soviet Union. After the death of Gheorghiu-Dej in 1965, Nicolae Ceauşescu emerged as the new communist leader and a new constitution was adopted, changing the name of the country to the Socialist Republic of Romania. | ||
In 1989 the Ceauşescu government was overthrown by Ion Iliescu and a new non-Communist constitution was adopted in 1991.<br> | In 1989 the Ceauşescu government was overthrown by Ion Iliescu and a new non-Communist constitution was adopted in 1991.<br> | ||