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Sometimes records in the English Court of Chancery help Americans learn about their British origins, for an example, see: | Sometimes records in the English Court of Chancery help Americans learn about their British origins, for an example, see: | ||
*[[ | *[[Peter Wilson Coldham|Coldham, Peter Wilson]]. "William Roberts of Maryland: Sidelights from the British Public Records Office," ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'', Vol. 85, No. 3 (Sep. 1997):219-221. {{FHL|39597|item|disp=FHL Book 973 B2ng}} | ||
From 1611 to 1776, more than 50,000 English and Irish felons were sentenced to deportation to American colonies over the centuries. These include Irishmen who rebelled against Cromwell's army in 1649. The 1755 Census of Maryland reveals the distribution of transported convicts across the colony. The highest concentrations of transported felons were in [[Anne Arundel County, Maryland|Anne Arundel]], [[Baltimore County, Maryland|Baltimore]], [[Charles County, Maryland|Charles]], and [[Queen Anne's County, Maryland|Queen Anne's]] counties:<ref name="null">[http://books.google.com/books?id=3TY3AAAAYAAJ "An Account of the Number of Souls in the Province of Maryland, in the Year 1755,"] ''The Gentleman's Magazine,'' Vol. 34 (1764):261.</ref> | From 1611 to 1776, more than 50,000 English and Irish felons were sentenced to deportation to American colonies over the centuries. These include Irishmen who rebelled against Cromwell's army in 1649. The 1755 Census of Maryland reveals the distribution of transported convicts across the colony. The highest concentrations of transported felons were in [[Anne Arundel County, Maryland|Anne Arundel]], [[Baltimore County, Maryland|Baltimore]], [[Charles County, Maryland|Charles]], and [[Queen Anne's County, Maryland|Queen Anne's]] counties:<ref name="null">[http://books.google.com/books?id=3TY3AAAAYAAJ "An Account of the Number of Souls in the Province of Maryland, in the Year 1755,"] ''The Gentleman's Magazine,'' Vol. 34 (1764):261.</ref> | ||
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Slave labor was introduced in the early decades of the seventeenth century when slaves from Barbados were imported to labor in the tobacco fields of southern Maryland. Vast numbers of Blacks were later shipped directly from Africa to the Chesapeake. Some of these Blacks obtained their freedom. By 1800, Maryland had the largest free Black population in the United States. | Slave labor was introduced in the early decades of the seventeenth century when slaves from Barbados were imported to labor in the tobacco fields of southern Maryland. Vast numbers of Blacks were later shipped directly from Africa to the Chesapeake. Some of these Blacks obtained their freedom. By 1800, Maryland had the largest free Black population in the United States. | ||
=== Migrations from Maryland === | |||
Migrations from Maryland began in the early years of the colony. Travelers generally followed the Cumberland Trail (Braddock Road) that led west to Pittsburgh and from there to the Ohio River. Many people also used the Great Trading Path, also called the Great Philadelphia Wagon Road, that led southwest along the Allegheny Ridge into the Shenandoah Valley and beyond. Some Marylanders from Prince George's County went to the Carolinas. A group of Catholics from St. Mary's County settled in Nelson County, Kentucky. By the 1820s some wealthy young Marylanders were moving slaves from their home farms to open plantations in Mississippi and surrounding areas. | Migrations from Maryland began in the early years of the colony. Travelers generally followed the Cumberland Trail (Braddock Road) that led west to Pittsburgh and from there to the Ohio River. Many people also used the Great Trading Path, also called the Great Philadelphia Wagon Road, that led southwest along the Allegheny Ridge into the Shenandoah Valley and beyond. Some Marylanders from Prince George's County went to the Carolinas. A group of Catholics from St. Mary's County settled in Nelson County, Kentucky. By the 1820s some wealthy young Marylanders were moving slaves from their home farms to open plantations in Mississippi and surrounding areas. | ||
Southerners fleeing the devastation of the Civil War and new immigrants from overseas helped to offset population losses. During the heavy period of immigration from 1830 through 1860, approximately half the immigrants were Germans, and a third were Irish. These immigrants tended to remain in the cities, especially Baltimore City, Maryland. | Southerners fleeing the devastation of the Civil War and new immigrants from overseas helped to offset population losses. During the heavy period of immigration from 1830 through 1860, approximately half the immigrants were Germans, and a third were Irish. These immigrants tended to remain in the cities, especially Baltimore City, Maryland. | ||
Peden has published books of Marylanders who migrated to other states and colonies: | |||
*Peden, Henry C. ''Marylanders to Carolina: Migration of Marylanders to North and South Carolina Prior to 1800''. Westminster, Md., 1994. | |||
<u>'''1870s and 1880s'''</u> | <u>'''1870s and 1880s'''</u> | ||
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Histories of ethnic groups are listed in the Locality Search of the Family History Library Catalog under MARYLAND - MINORITIES. An example is: | Histories of ethnic groups are listed in the Locality Search of the Family History Library Catalog under MARYLAND - MINORITIES. An example is: | ||
• Cunz, Dieter. The Maryland Germans: A History. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1948. (Family History Library book 975.2 F2c; fiche 6048035.) | • Cunz, Dieter. The Maryland Germans: A History. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1948. (Family History Library book 975.2 F2c; fiche 6048035.) | ||
=== Westward Migrants === | === Westward Migrants === | ||