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Sweden Business and Occupations: Difference between revisions
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Occupations were a measure of social status. Some trades were viewed as more prestigious than others. For example, goldsmiths had more prestige than shoemakers. Many trades, such as butchers, tanners, shoemakers, tailors, and others were organized into guilds, which were in charge of training apprentices and regulating a trade's practice in an area. | Occupations were a measure of social status. Some trades were viewed as more prestigious than others. For example, goldsmiths had more prestige than shoemakers. Many trades, such as butchers, tanners, shoemakers, tailors, and others were organized into guilds, which were in charge of training apprentices and regulating a trade's practice in an area. | ||
Guilds were usually established in each city. Guild records include lists of members, information on journeymen practicing in the town, marriages of journeymen, and advancements from the rank of apprentice to journeyman and from journeyman to master craftsman. In addition, contracts between masters and parents of apprentices may be included. | Guilds were usually established in each city. Guild records include lists of members, information on journeymen practicing in the town, marriages of journeymen, and advancements from the rank of apprentice to journeyman and from journeyman to master craftsman. In addition, contracts between masters and parents of apprentices may be included. | ||
Guild records are now stored in the provincial archives for the area where the records originated. The Family History Library has some Swedish guild records. It also has a few books about Swedish guilds and occupations. | Guild records are now stored in the provincial archives for the area where the records originated. The Family History Library has some Swedish guild records. It also has a few books about Swedish guilds and occupations. | ||
To find these sources, look in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under: | To find these sources, look in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under: | ||
SWEDEN - OCCUPATIONS | SWEDEN - OCCUPATIONS | ||
SWEDEN, [COUNTY] - OCCUPATIONS | SWEDEN, [COUNTY] - OCCUPATIONS | ||
SWEDEN, [COUNTY], [CITY] - OCCUPATIONS | SWEDEN, [COUNTY], [CITY] - OCCUPATIONS | ||
A wordlist for some Swedish occupations follows: | |||
'''A''' | |||
abetare = workmen<br>adel = nobility<br>adelsman = nobleman<br>adlig = noble<br>adoptera = to adopt<br>adopterad = adopted<br>afflyttning = removal<br>afled = deceased<br>afton = evening<br>ahl=This is the older spelling variation for <br>"al", which is an alder tree.<br>aldrig = never<br>alla, allt = all<br>alltid = always<br>ana, anor = ancestor<br>andtäppa = shortness of breath, asthma<br>anfall = seizure<br>ankom = came<br>annan = other<br>antavla = pedigree, ancestry, genealogy<br>arbetare = worker<br>arftagare = heir<br>arftagerska = heiress<br>arkiv = archive = office of records<br>arrendator = tenant farmer, leaseholder<br>arton = eighteen<br>arv = inheritance<br>arvinge = heir<br>attest = certificate<br>av = by, of<br>avgift = fee<br>avgång = departure<br>avgått = moved<br>avled = died<br>avsomna = die, death<br>______________________________________ | |||
'''B''' | |||
backstuga = a small house dug into the side of a hill<br>bagare = baker<br>barn = child<br>barnbarn = grandchildren<br>barnhus = orphanage<br>barnmorska = midwife <br>barnsb.=mother died in childbirth<br>bataljon = battalion<br>begraved = buried<br>berg = hill, mountain<br>bergsman = =miner<br>biografi = biography<br>björn = bear, man's name<br>blad = leaf<br>bliva = be, become<br>bok = book<br>bokhandlare = bookseller<br>b., bond, bonde, = farmer, peasant<br>borg = castle, fortress<br>borgmästare = mayor<br>bosatt = living (in, at or whatever<br>bosted = residence, address<br>boupteckning = estate inventory, will<br>brandsoldat = fireman<br>brandstationen = firestation<br>broder = brother<br>bröstfeber = inflammation of the lungs.<br>bröstinflammation= lunginflammation= pneumonia.<br>brorsdotter = brothers's daughter, neice<br>brorson = brother's son, nephew<br>brud = bride<br>brudgum = bridegroom<br>bröllop = wedding<br>bruk = usage, foundry, mill, industry<br>br., brukare = user, employer, farmer, tenant<br>brukinspektor=factory manager, factory inspector<br>bryggare = brewer<br>båtsman = a marine soldier. There was a firm organization where every man had a 'place in the organization' and a place to live with his family. The place had a number and the soldier had a name, which was connected to the place where to live. | |||
börje = man's name | |||
TOP<br>_______________________________________ | |||
'''C''' | |||
cantor=organist, choir director<br>chorsångare=singer in a choir<br>christnadad =baptized<br>churchverger = is a person in the employee of a<br>church who is responsible for the upkeep of the "interior" of the church. This person would also carry the rod, or symbol of office, for someone of authority in a church procession.<br>cigarrarbetare=cigar maker<br>cigarrbutik=cigar shop<br>circa=c:a/ca., about, approximately<br>civilregistret = civil engineer<br>coopvaerdi = merchant marine<br>croft=torp, cottage, little farm, hamlet<br>crofter=torpare, cottager, peasant<br>______________________________________ | |||
'''D''' | |||
dag = day<br>dagsverkskarl = male day laborer<br>dal = valley<br>dam = lady<br>danneman = farmer, gentleman<br>datum = date<br>den = the<br>dom = sentence, judgement<br>domare = judge<br>dop = baptism-christening<br>d., dotter = daughter<br>dotterdotter = daughter's daughter, granddaughter<br>dotterson = daughter's son, grandson<br>drottning = queen<br>drunkma = drown = drunkna<br>dräng = farmhand, bachelor, young man<br>dödsboken = death records<br>döbt, döpt = baptized<br>död, dödd = dead<br>dödbok = death record<br>dödfödd = stillborn<br>dödsorsak = cause of death<br>döpt = döpta, döpte, döpelse christening<br>dött = has died<br>döv = deaf | |||
_____________________________________ | |||
'''E''' | |||
efternamn = last name<br>egendom = property<br>eller, el. = or<br>engelsk = English :) :) :)<br>etternavn = family name<br>ett = one, a, an<br>______________________________________<br>TOP | |||
'''F''' | |||
fabrik = factory, mill<br>far = fader, father<br>farbror = father's brother, uncle<br>farfar = father's father, grandfather<br>farfars mor = father's father's mother, great grandmother<br>farmor = father's mother, grandmother<br>farmor's far = father's mother father, great grandfather<br>farmor's mor = fahter's mother's mother, great grandmother<br>fars farbor = father's fahter's brother, granduncle<br>fars faster = father's fahter's sister, grandaunt<br>fars morbror = father's mother's brother, granduncle<br>faster = father's sister, aunt<br>fattighus = workhouse, poor house<br>fågel = bird<br>flicka = girl<br>flytta = move<br>flyttbetyg = removal certificate<br>foreldre = parents<br>fornavn = christian name, given name<br>forskning = research<br>forsoldat = fot soldier<br>forstår = understands<br>fräjd och särskilda anteckniugar = character and <br>private notes<br>frånskild = divorced<br>född = born<br>född i borgerligt stånd = born of the middle class, a tradesman's child<br>födelsboken = birth records<br>födelse = birth<br>födelseanteckningar för åren = birth notes for the year<br>födelseort = place of birth<br>födelsman = person whose working life has passed, elderly person<br>född utom äktenskap = born out of wedlock<br>födorådstagare = see undantagsman<br>förarbete = preperation, preparatory work<br>förbrukining = consumption (to use)<br>förbrytare = criminal, delinquent<br>föreläsare = lecturer, reader<br>förening = society union<br>förfader = ancestor<br>förlovad = engaged<br>föräldrar = parents<br>församling = parish<br>förstfödd = firstborn<br>förteckning = list<br>_____________________________________ | |||
'''G''' | |||
gamel = old, aged<br>gamla = old (gamla stan = old town)<br>gata = street<br>gift = married<br>glas sliperiarbetaren=glass grinder or glass cutter<br>gosse = boy<br>granne = neighbor<br>gymnasium = senior high school<br>gård = farm<br>gästgivare = Innkeeper, landlord<br>______________________________________ | |||
'''H''' | |||
haft = had<br>helt = whole, entire, full, complete<br>halften = half<br>halvsyskon = half siblings<br>handelsman = merchant<br>hantverkare = artisan<br>hem.egaren = farm owner<br>hemmansegare = hemmansägare=farm owner<br>(hem.,hemman, hn, h:n,= farm area, homestead)<br>(hemmansegarinna = female farm owner)<br>husförhörslängd = household examinations (clerical surveys)<br>husman = cottager, crofter, tenant.<br>hus - house<br>hustru, hust., hu, H., h., = wife<br>huvudman principal<br>härod = judicial district = härad<br>höst = autumn<br>______________________________________ | |||
I | |||
i = in<br>infanteri = infantry<br>inflyttning = moving in<br>inhyseshjon=a person living gratis at somebody’s<br>house, a cottager<br>innehåll = contents<br>invandrare = immigrant | |||
______________________________________ | |||
'''J''' | |||
jarnvagstjman vid jarnvagen = Railway officer at the railway<br>jord = earth, land<br>jordbrukare = farmer<br>jordebok = land record<br>jordegumma = midwife<br>jordbruksarbetare = farm worker<br>jul = christmas<br>jägmästare = forester<br>järnarbetare = iron worker<br>______________________________________ | |||
'''K''' | |||
karta = map<br>keso = soft cheese (new fresh)<br>klockare = he is again an employee of the church and nominally held three jobs -- he was 1) the parish clerk; 2) the church organist, and 3) the teacher of the ABCs to the young people of that church.<br>konfirmationslängd= confirmation record<br>koppor = smallpox<br>krigsarkivet = swedish military records<br>kusin = cousin<br>kvinna = woman<br>kyrka = church<br>kyrkobok = parish register<br>kyrkogård = cemetery, graveyard<br>kung = konung, king<br>kungarike = kingdom<br>kunglig = royal<br>kusin = cousin<br>kvarn = mill<br>kväll = evening<br>kyrka/kyrkan = church = parish<br>kyrkobok = parish register<br>kyrkoräkenskaper = introduced to church after childbirth<br>källkod = source code<br>kön = sex (m for male and k for female)<br>köping = small town<br>köpman = Merchant<br>______________________________________ | |||
'''L''' | |||
lag = law<br>landsarkiven = provincial archives<br>landskap = province<br>landtbrukare = gentleman farmer (well to do)<br>landtbruksman = countryman, farmer<br>landbonde - tenant farmer,leaseholder (arrendator)<br>lesat - leasar = lease<br>lilla = little, small<br>Lind = Limetree<br>lysning = bann<br>län = county letter = county<br>länsman = district constable, (sheriff)<br>______________________________________ | |||
'''M''' | |||
maka = wife<br>make = husband<br>matros = sailor, seaman<br>med = with<br>medåkande = travel with someone<br>middag = noon<br>mindre vetande - feeble minded, not quite right in the head<br>mjolnare = miller<br>mor = mother<br>morgon = morning<br>moder = mother<br>morfar = mother's father, grandfather<br>mormor = mother's mother, grandmother<br>mycket = much--tack så mycket = thank you much<br>målare=painter<br>mästersmed = master smith<br>mördad = murdered<br>_____________________________________ | |||
<br>To top | |||
<br>'''N''' | |||
namn = name<br>natt = night<br>noll = zero<br>norsk = Norwegian<br>nu = now<br>nyfödd = newborn<br>nämdeman = juryman<br>när = when<br>nära = near | |||
_____________________________________ | |||
'''O''' | |||
och = and<br>afta = often<br>ogift = unmarried<br>omgift = remarried<br>omkommen = died accidentally, drowned<br>ordbok = dictionary<br>ort = place<br>oä., oäkta = illegitimate<br>oäktra barn = illegitimate child<br>_____________________________________ | |||
'''P''' | |||
parant = elegant stylish<br>Penning (peng,slant,mynt) = coin.<br>Penningar (shorter form: pengar) is the undefinite plural form of penning,<br>penningarna the definite plural form.<br>In the singular the ending -en will give you the definte form. Penningen is t h e coin.<br>p, pig, piga = maid, spinster, single girl<br>pojke = boy = gosse = boy<br>prairieblommen=the prairie flower | |||
Probandus is latin and in genealogy it means the person whose ancestors you are searching/presenting.<br>----------------------------------<br>prost = dean<br>prest = minister<br>präst = clergyman, minister, priest<br>på = on, upon, at, in<br>påsk = Easter<br>______________________________________ | |||
'''R''' | |||
regemente = regiment<br>Riddarhuset = house of nobility<br>riksarkiv = national archives, state archives<br>rote = district within a parish<br>rusthållare = owner of a farm equipping a<br>cavalry soldier<br>ryttare = cavalryman<br>rättare = overseer, foreman on a farm<br>_____________________________________ | |||
'''S''' | |||
samhälle = the same<br>samling = gathering assembly collecting<br>samt = and<br>sambo = cohabitee, common law wife - husband<br>sambo is a shortening of Sammanboende=living<br>together<br>sedan = since<br>senare = later (den)<br>sex = six<br>sida = page<br>sjökapten = sea captain<br>sjoman = seaman, sailor = sjöman<br>sjuk = sick<br>sjukdom = disease<br>sjukhus = hospital<br>sjuklig - infirm, weak in health, sickly<br>sjukskoterskebitrade = Assisting nurse<br>sjö = lake<br>sjömän = seamen, sailor<br>skatt = tax<br>skild = divorced<br>skog = forest<br>skola = school<br>slot = castle<br>släktforskning = genealogy research<br>släktnamn, efternamn = last name<br>smed, smith=blacksmith<br>snickare = carpenter<br>socken = parish<br>sold., soldat = soldier<br>sold=soldier<br>soldat=soldier<br>stadsarkiv = dity archives<br>stamtavla = pedigree<br>stift = diocese<br>ström = stream<br>styrman = mate or officer (i.e at at sea).<br>stuga = cottage, house<br>svenska = Swedish<br>svenska adel = swedish nobility<br>syskon = siblings<br>sångarfärden=The Singers Journey<br>sötmandel = almonds<br>__________________________ | |||
'''T''' | |||
tabell = table<br>tafvla = genealogical chart<br>talet = century<br>tegelbruk = brickyard<br>tegelarbetare = brick worker<br>tid = time<br>till = to, until , at<br>tillnamn = surname<br>timme = hour<br>timmerman = carpenter<br>tingsläg = judicial district<br>titel = title<br>tjäll = hut, cottage, roof<br>tjänare = servant<br>tomtägare = lot owner<br>torp = cottage, little farm, hamlet, croft<br>torpare=crofter, cottager, peasant doesn't own his torp but pays for living there by working for the farm that the torp belongs to<br>torparson = crofter's son,<br>tredingsbrukare (brukare=user, employer, farmer, tenent)<br>trolovad = engaged<br>trångbröstigket = asthma<br>trånsjuka = consuption, atrophy, languishing<br>trä = wood, timber<br>tunnland = Swedish acre<br>tusen = 1000<br>tvilling = twins<br>______________________________________ | |||
'''U''' | |||
undantagsman = undt. =previous farm owner receiving his<br>livlihood/support from the person to whom the farm<br>now belongs. (usually related)<br>underskrift = signature<br>ung = young<br>ungkarl = bachelor, unmarried, single<br>ungmö (gamal) = old maid, spinster<br>umgmö (ung) = maiden = ungmö<br>urmak. = urmakare = watchmaker, clockmaker<br>ute = out<br>utfattig = pauper<br>utflytta = move out<br>utflyttaings-attestens nummer = the moving-out certificate's number<br>utflyttning = moving out<br>utom aktenskap = out of wedlock<br>utom äktenskapliga barn = illegitimate child<br>utresehamn = port<br>utvandra = emigrate<br>utvandrardag = date of departue<br>______________________________________ | |||
'''V''' | |||
vad = what<br>vallon = Walloon<br>vapen = coat of arms, weapon<br>var = was, where<br>vattosot = dropsy = vattusot<br>vaviola = small pox<br>vecka = week<br>vem = who<br>vetemjöl = wheat flour<br>vigde & gift = married<br>vilka = which<br>viksdagen = the parliament = riksdagen<br>vittne = Witness, Vittnen = Witnesses | |||
_____________________________________ | |||
'''Y''' | |||
yngling = young man, boy<br>yrke = profession, occupation<br>_____________________________________ | |||
'''Å''' | |||
å = at, on, to<br>å = river<br>åbo = tenant, farmer who does not own, but has<br>right of possesion<br>ålader = age<br>ålderdom = old age<br>år = year<br>år och datum = year and date<br>årlig = annual, yearly<br>åt = to<br>åtta = eight<br>åttip = 80 = åttio<br>___________________________________ | |||
'''Ä''' | |||
äga = own<br>ägare = äg = owner<br>ägor = land, possessions<br>äktenskap = marriage<br>äldre = oldest, older<br>äldst = eldest<br>ä., änk, änka = widow<br>änkedrottning = queen dowager, queen mother<br>änkeman = widower<br>är = are, is, am<br>ätt = family<br>________________________________ | |||
'''Ö''' | |||
ö = island<br>öde = uninhabited, desolate, deserted<br>öst = east<br>över = over<br>överstelöjtnant = lieutenant colonel<br>övre = upper<br> | |||
Category:Sweden | |||