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Julian and Gregorian Calendars: Difference between revisions
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Further explanation of the double dating.
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When the old Julian calendar (which added 11 minutes every year) was replaced by the more accurate Gregorian calendar in 1582, only a few countries accepted the change. It took almost 400 years before all of Europe adopted the new standard. | When the old Julian calendar (which added 11 minutes every year) was replaced by the more accurate Gregorian calendar in 1582, only a few countries accepted the change. It took almost 400 years before all of Europe adopted the new standard. | ||
Dates recorded from 1582 to 1919 that crossed the two systems can be confusing to family history researchers. For 46 years Benjamin Franklin’s birth day was January 6, 1706. He was “reborn” to January 17th when the British Colonies adopted the Gregorian Calendar in 1752. | Dates recorded from 1582 to 1919 that crossed the two systems can be confusing to family history researchers. For 46 years Benjamin Franklin’s birth day was January 6, 1706. He was “reborn” to January 17th when the British Colonies adopted the Gregorian Calendar in 1752. Before 1752 the 1st day of the new year was 25 of March, and in places, such as New England you will find dates recorded with a slash such as February 14, 1701/02. 1702 would not have actually begun until after March 25. Using the double dating and understand its purpose can be helpful in recording family historical events. | ||
A [http://www.searchforancestors.com/utility/gregorian.html chart] which shows when countries changed from Julian to Gregorian and a [http://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/calendar/ converter] that translates dates from a variety of calendars are among the tools available to navigate through this maze. Interesting historical reading about how a monarch's reign influenced the English calendar is found in the article [[Regnal Years in England]]. | A [http://www.searchforancestors.com/utility/gregorian.html chart] which shows when countries changed from Julian to Gregorian and a [http://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/calendar/ converter] that translates dates from a variety of calendars are among the tools available to navigate through this maze. Interesting historical reading about how a monarch's reign influenced the English calendar is found in the article [[Regnal Years in England]]. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Country | |||
! Start numbered year<br>on 1 January | |||
! Adoption of<br>Gregorian Calendar | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Denmark]] | ||
| Gradual change from<br>13th to 16th centuries<ref>Herluf Nielsen: ''Kronologi'' (2nd ed., Dansk Historisk Fællesforening, Copenhagen 1967), pp.48-50.</ref> | |||
| 1700 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] | ||
| 1522 | |||
| 1582 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Holy Roman Empire]] | ||
| 1544 | |||
| from 1583 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Spain]] | ||
| 1556 | |||
| 1582 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Portugal]] | ||
| 1556 | |||
| 1582 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Prussia]] | ||
| 1559 | |||
| 1700 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Sweden]] | ||
| 1559 | |||
| 1753 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[France]] | ||
| 1564<ref>[http://www.henk-reints.nl/cal/audette/cgfrance.html Le calendrier grégorien en France] </ref> | |||
| 1582 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Southern Netherlands]] | ||
| 1576<ref>Per decree of 16 June 1575. Hermann Grotefend, "[http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/gaeste/grotefend/g_o.htm#Osteranfang Osteranfang]" (Easter beginning), ''[http://www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de/gaeste/grotefend/grotefend.htm Zeitrechnung de Deutschen Mittelalters und der Neuzeit]'' (Chronology of the German Middle Ages and modern times) (1891-1898)</ref> | |||
| 1582 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Lorraine (province)|Lorraine]] | ||
| 1579 | |||
| 1682 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Dutch Republic]] | ||
| 1583 | |||
| from 1582 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Scotland]] | ||
| 1600<ref name="Blackburn">Blackburn & Holford-Strevens (1999), p. 784.</ref><ref>John J. Bond, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=bzAWAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#PPR17,M1 Handy-book of rules and tables for verifying dates with the Christian era]'' Scottish decree on pp. xvii–xviii.</ref> | |||
| 1752 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[ | | [[Russia]] | ||
| 1700<ref>Roscoe Lamont, [http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1920PA.....28...18L The reform of the Julian calendar], ''Popular Astronomy'' '''28''' (1920) 18–32. Decree of Peter the Great is on pp.23–24.</ref> | |||
| 1918 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Great Britain|Britain]] and<br>[[British Empire]]<br>except Scotland | | [[Tuscany]] | ||
| 1721 | |||
| 1750 | |||
|- | |||
| [[Great Britain|Britain]] and<br>[[British Empire]]<br>except Scotland | |||
| 1752<ref name="Blackburn" /> | |||
| 1752 | |||
|} | |} | ||
==References== | == References == | ||
<references/> | |||
<references /> | |||
[[Category:Calendars]] | [[Category:Calendars]] | ||