Iraq History: Difference between revisions

Iraq History (view source)

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 |Topic Type=Background
 |Background=History
-|Content=Acceptable
+|Rating=Acceptable
 }}{{breadcrumb
 | link1=[[Middle East|Middle East]]
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 | link5=[[Iraq History|History]]
 }}
+==General History==
+{|style="float:right; margin-right:030px; background-color:#D9E9C1" " width="20%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" border="1"
+|
+<center><br>'''Why use histories in your research?'''</center><br>
+<center>Learn why on the [[History|History Wiki page]]</center><br>
+|}
+Iraq, historically known as Mesopotamia, is often called the "cradle of civilization" due to its early development of urban societies. Ancient Iraq was home to several influential empires, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. After the fall of the Assyrian Empire, the rise of Islam in the 7th century profoundly influenced Iraq, making it a central part of the Islamic world and leading to the establishment of Baghdad as a major cultural and intellectual hub during the Abbasid Caliphate.
+Iraq was ruled by the [[Ottoman Empire Genealogy|Ottoman Empire]] from 1534 to 1920, with a brief period of autonomy under the Mamluk state from 1704 to 1831. During this time, it was made up of three provinces, called vilayets in the Ottoman language: Mosul Vilayet, Baghdad Vilayet, and Basra Vilayet. Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1920, the [[England Genealogy|British Mandate]] of Mesopotamia was created under the authority of the League of Nations and a British-backed monarchy joined these vilayets into one Kingdom. The Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq gained independence from the UK in 1932 and in 1958, the monarchy was overthrown and the Iraqi Republic created. Iraq has experienced significant emigration due to military and political conflicts, leading to a large diaspora of Iraqis in [[Germany Emigration and Immigration|Germany]], [[Sweden Emigration and Immigration|Sweden]], the [[United States Emigration and Immigration|USA]], [[Canada Emigration and Immigration|Canada]], and [[Australia Emigration and Immigration|Australia]], particularly in the early 21st century.
+Iraq is now home to diverse ethnic groups including Arabs, Kurds, Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians and Kawliya. Around 95% of the country's 37 million citizens are Muslims, with additional small populations of Christians, Yarsans, Yezids and Mandeans. Despite the challenges of colonial rule and subsequent conflicts, Iraq boasts a rich cultural heritage and resilient spirit and is renowned for its historical sites, cultural traditions, literature, music, and art.<ref>"Iraq," Wikipedia, updated 4 December 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq.</ref><ref>''Studies on historical writing in Islamic times'' by Ezzat, Faiza Mohammed. Irbīl, Iraq:Maktab al-Tafsīr lil-Ṭabʻ wa-al-Nashr, 2022. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|932100}} دراسات عن الكتابة التأريخية في العصور الأسلامية : عزت ، فائزة محمد</ref><ref>''Al-Battat in the Islamic world and sources of proof: a relative historical study'' by Abu Saeeda, Hussein. Beirut, Lebanon:Muʼassasat al-Balāgh lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, 2012. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|939971}} آل البطاط في العالم الإسلامي و مصادر الإثبات : دراسة تاريخية نسبية /أبو سعيدة، حسين</ref><ref>''The lives of glorious Kurdish scholars'' by Bahraki, Tahir Mulla Abdullah and Abu Bakr Mulla Tahir. Beirut, Lebanon:Dār Ibn Ḥazm lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, 2015. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|939985}} حياة الأمجاد من العلماء الأكراد / بحركي، طاهر ملا عبد الله بحركي، المحروس ابو بكر ملا طاهر</ref>
+==Timeline==
+* '''3500-539 BCE''' Ancient Mesopotamia flourishes with the rise of the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian empires, contributing significantly to early human civilization with innovations in writing, law, and architecture.
+* '''762 CE''' Baghdad is founded and becomes the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, marking a golden age of Islamic culture, science, and intellectualism.
+* '''1534-1920''' Iraq is part of the Ottoman Empire, with a brief period of autonomy under the Mamluk state from 1704 to 1831.
+* '''1920-1932''' British mandate period following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire after World War I.
+* '''1932''' Iraq gains independence and becomes the Kingdom of Iraq.
+* '''1958''' The Kingdom of Iraq is overthrown, and the Republic of Iraq is established.
+* '''2003-2011''' U.S.-led coalition invasion and subsequent occupation, leading to significant waves of emigration of Iraqis to [[Germany Emigration and Immigration|Germany]], [[Sweden Emigration and Immigration|Sweden]], the [[United States Emigration and Immigration|USA]], [[Canada Emigration and Immigration|Canada]], and [[Australia Emigration and Immigration|Australia]].
 ==Resources==
 ===Online Resources===
@@ Line 31: / Line 53: @@
 *''Tārīkh al-ummah al-Armanīyah'' by Astārjiyān, K. A.. al-Mawṣīl:Maṭbaʻat al-Ittiḥād al-Jadīdah, 1951. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/aub_aco000336 New York University]; History of Armenia.
 **.تاريخ الأمة الأرمنية .ك. ا. استارجيان الموصل:مطبعة الإتحاد الجديدة،1951,
-===Print Publications===
-==History==
-Iraq, historically known as Mesopotamia, is often called the "cradle of civilization" due to its early development of urban societies. Ancient Iraq was home to several influential empires, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. After the fall of the Assyrian Empire, the rise of Islam in the 7th century profoundly influenced Iraq, making it a central part of the Islamic world and leading to the establishment of Baghdad as a major cultural and intellectual hub during the Abbasid Caliphate.
-Iraq was ruled by the [[Ottoman Empire Genealogy|Ottoman Empire]] from 1534 to 1920, with a brief period of autonomy under the Mamluk state from 1704 to 1831. During this time, it was made up of three provinces, called vilayets in the Ottoman language: Mosul Vilayet, Baghdad Vilayet, and Basra Vilayet. Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1920, the [[England Genealogy|British Mandate]] of Mesopotamia was created under the authority of the League of Nations and a British-backed monarchy joined these vilayets into one Kingdom. The Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq gained independence from the UK in 1932 and in 1958, the monarchy was overthrown and the Iraqi Republic created. Iraq has experienced significant emigration due to military and political conflicts, leading to a large diaspora of Iraqis in [[Germany Emigration and Immigration|Germany]], [[Sweden Emigration and Immigration|Sweden]], the [[United States Emigration and Immigration|USA]], [[Canada Emigration and Immigration|Canada]], and [[Australia Emigration and Immigration|Australia]], particularly in the early 21st century.
-Iraq is now home to diverse ethnic groups including Arabs, Kurds, Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians and Kawliya. Around 95% of the country's 37 million citizens are Muslims, with additional small populations of Christians, Yarsans, Yezids and Mandeans. Despite the challenges of colonial rule and subsequent conflicts, Iraq boasts a rich cultural heritage and resilient spirit and is renowned for its historical sites, cultural traditions, literature, music, and art.<ref>"Iraq," Wikipedia, updated 4 December 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq.</ref><ref>''Studies on historical writing in Islamic times'' by Ezzat, Faiza Mohammed. Irbīl, Iraq:Maktab al-Tafsīr lil-Ṭabʻ wa-al-Nashr, 2022. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|932100}} دراسات عن الكتابة التأريخية في العصور الأسلامية : عزت ، فائزة محمد</ref><ref>''Al-Battat in the Islamic world and sources of proof: a relative historical study'' by Abu Saeeda, Hussein. Beirut, Lebanon:Muʼassasat al-Balāgh lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, 2012. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|939971}} آل البطاط في العالم الإسلامي و مصادر الإثبات : دراسة تاريخية نسبية /أبو سعيدة، حسين</ref><ref>''The lives of glorious Kurdish scholars'' by Bahraki, Tahir Mulla Abdullah and Abu Bakr Mulla Tahir. Beirut, Lebanon:Dār Ibn Ḥazm lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, 2015. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|939985}} حياة الأمجاد من العلماء الأكراد / بحركي، طاهر ملا عبد الله بحركي، المحروس ابو بكر ملا طاهر</ref>
-==Timeline==
-* '''3500-539 BCE''' Ancient Mesopotamia flourishes with the rise of the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian empires, contributing significantly to early human civilization with innovations in writing, law, and architecture.
-* '''762 CE''' Baghdad is founded and becomes the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, marking a golden age of Islamic culture, science, and intellectualism.
-* '''1534-1920''' Iraq is part of the Ottoman Empire, with a brief period of autonomy under the Mamluk state from 1704 to 1831.
-* '''1920-1932''' British mandate period following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire after World War I.
-* '''1932''' Iraq gains independence and becomes the Kingdom of Iraq.
-* '''1958''' The Kingdom of Iraq is overthrown, and the Republic of Iraq is established.
-* '''2003-2011''' U.S.-led coalition invasion and subsequent occupation, leading to significant waves of emigration of Iraqis to [[Germany Emigration and Immigration|Germany]], [[Sweden Emigration and Immigration|Sweden]], the [[United States Emigration and Immigration|USA]], [[Canada Emigration and Immigration|Canada]], and [[Australia Emigration and Immigration|Australia]].
-==Strategy==
-'''Why use histories in your research?'''<br>
-*Learn why on the [[History|History Wiki page]]
 == References ==
-{{Reflist}}
 [[Category:Histories]][[Category:Iraq]]