Egypt History: Difference between revisions

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 | link5=[[Egypt History|History]]
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-==General History==
-Egypt's history stretches back to the 4th millennium BCE, when it emerged as one of the world's earliest and most influential civilizations, known for its monumental achievements in writing, agriculture, architecture, and governance. Over the millennia, Egypt was ruled by various dynasties and empires, including the Pharaonic, Persian, Greek, and Roman, before becoming part of the Byzantine Empire and later the Mamluk Sultanate, which governed from the 13th century until the [[Ottoman Empire Genealogy|Ottoman]] conquest in 1517.
-During the Ottoman period, Egypt became a vital province of the Ottoman Empire, blending Turkish, Arabic, and Islamic elements into its rich cultural tapestry. For genealogical research, key resources include [[Egypt Census|census records]] and vital records such as birth, marriage, and death certificates. After the Ottoman period, Egypt saw significant changes with Muhammad Ali Pasha, the Wāli (governor) and Pasha of Egypt, establishing a quasi-independent state in 1805. His dynasty ruled until the British occupation in 1882. The British period introduced new administrative records, including detailed [[Egypt Census|censuses]] and [[Egypt Civil Registration|civil registration]] documents. Egypt gained nominal independence in 1922, becoming a monarchy, and later declared itself a republic following the 1952 revolution, which saw the nationalization of the Suez Canal and the expulsion of British forces.
-Since gaining its independence, Egypt has navigated significant political and social transformations. Egypt is now a transcontinental country considered to be a regional power in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Egypt's economy is one of the largest and most diversified in the Middle East.<ref>Egypt, Wikipedia, updated 30 November 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt.</ref>
-==Timeline==
-* '''4th Millennium BCE''' Egypt emerges as one of the world's earliest civilizations, known for its advancements in writing, agriculture, and monumental architecture.
-* '''1517''' Ottoman Sultan Selim I conquers Egypt, integrating it into the [[Ottoman Empire Genealogy|Ottoman Empire]].
-* '''1798-1801''' French occupation under Napoleon Bonaparte.
-* '''1805''' Muhammad Ali Pasha, the Wāli (governor) and Pasha of Egypt, establishes a quasi-independent state, initiating modernization efforts.
-* '''1867''' Egypt becomes a nominally autonomous tributary state called the Khedivate of Egypt under Ottoman suzerainty.
-* '''1882''' British occupation begins, introducing new [[Egypt Census|administrative records]] and infrastructure development.
-* '''1914''' Egypt is declared a British protectorate, ending its nominal status as an Ottoman province.
-* '''1922''' Egypt gains nominal independence from Britain, becoming the Kingdom of Egypt.
-* '''1952''' The Egyptian revolution leads to the establishment of a republic, the nationalization of the Suez Canal, and the expulsion of British forces.
-* '''1956''' Suez Crisis marks a significant moment in Egypt's assertion of sovereignty.
 ==Resources==
 ===Online Resources===
@@ Line 66: / Line 47: @@
 *''Ṣafwat al-ʻaṣr fī tārīkh wa-rusūm mashāhīr rijāl Miṣr'' by Fahmī, Zakī. Miṣr:Maṭbaʻat al-Iʻtimād, 1926. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/columbia_aco001997 New York University]; Social and political history of Egypt.
 **.صفوة العصر في تاريخ ورسوم مشاهير رجال مصر .زكي فهمي مصر:مطبعة الاعتماد ,1926
+===Print Publications===
+==General History==
+Egypt's history stretches back to the 4th millennium BCE, when it emerged as one of the world's earliest and most influential civilizations, known for its monumental achievements in writing, agriculture, architecture, and governance. Over the millennia, Egypt was ruled by various dynasties and empires, including the Pharaonic, Persian, Greek, and Roman, before becoming part of the Byzantine Empire and later the Mamluk Sultanate, which governed from the 13th century until the [[Ottoman Empire Genealogy|Ottoman]] conquest in 1517.
+During the Ottoman period, Egypt became a vital province of the Ottoman Empire, blending Turkish, Arabic, and Islamic elements into its rich cultural tapestry. For genealogical research, key resources include [[Egypt Census|census records]] and vital records such as birth, marriage, and death certificates. After the Ottoman period, Egypt saw significant changes with Muhammad Ali Pasha, the Wāli (governor) and Pasha of Egypt, establishing a quasi-independent state in 1805. His dynasty ruled until the British occupation in 1882. The British period introduced new administrative records, including detailed [[Egypt Census|censuses]] and [[Egypt Civil Registration|civil registration]] documents. Egypt gained nominal independence in 1922, becoming a monarchy, and later declared itself a republic following the 1952 revolution, which saw the nationalization of the Suez Canal and the expulsion of British forces.
+Since gaining its independence, Egypt has navigated significant political and social transformations. Egypt is now a transcontinental country considered to be a regional power in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Egypt's economy is one of the largest and most diversified in the Middle East.<ref>Egypt, Wikipedia, updated 30 November 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt.</ref>
+==Timeline==
+* '''4th Millennium BCE''' Egypt emerges as one of the world's earliest civilizations, known for its advancements in writing, agriculture, and monumental architecture.
+* '''1517''' Ottoman Sultan Selim I conquers Egypt, integrating it into the [[Ottoman Empire Genealogy|Ottoman Empire]].
+* '''1798-1801''' French occupation under Napoleon Bonaparte.
+* '''1805''' Muhammad Ali Pasha, the Wāli (governor) and Pasha of Egypt, establishes a quasi-independent state, initiating modernization efforts.
+* '''1867''' Egypt becomes a nominally autonomous tributary state called the Khedivate of Egypt under Ottoman suzerainty.
+* '''1882''' British occupation begins, introducing new [[Egypt Census|administrative records]] and infrastructure development.
+* '''1914''' Egypt is declared a British protectorate, ending its nominal status as an Ottoman province.
+* '''1922''' Egypt gains nominal independence from Britain, becoming the Kingdom of Egypt.
+* '''1952''' The Egyptian revolution leads to the establishment of a republic, the nationalization of the Suez Canal, and the expulsion of British forces.
+* '''1956''' Suez Crisis marks a significant moment in Egypt's assertion of sovereignty.
 ==References==
 [[Category:Egypt]]
 [[Category:Histories]]