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Jordan Tribes and Clans: Difference between revisions
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==Resources== | ==Resources== | ||
=== Online Resources === | === Online Resources === | ||
* ''History of Trans-Jordan and Its Tribes'', by Frederick G. Peake. Jordan: Al-Ahliyah of Publishing and Distribution, 19--?. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|448298}} | |||
**تاريخ شرقي الأردن وقبائلها. فريدريك ج. بيك. عمان - الأردن: الأهلية للنشر والتوزيع, ٢٠١٦ | |||
* ''Dictionary of Tribes in Jordan and Palestine, (in Arabic),'' by Ḥannā ʻAmmārī. Amman, Jordan : Al-Ahlia, 2014. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|883907}} | |||
**2014, قاموس العشائر في الأردن و فلسطين | |||
*''The History of East Jordan and its Tribes, (in Arabic)'', by Fridirīk J Bīk. Amman, Jordan : Al-Ahlia, 2016. '''''Online at:''''' {{FSDL|883257}} | |||
**2016, تاريخ شرقي الأردن وقبائلها | |||
* [https://shamela.ws/category/27 Al-Maktabah al-Shamilah (The Comprehensive Library) - Genealogy Category (Arabic)] - catalogue of Arabic books on genealogy with detailed descriptions; books not accessible directly on website | * [https://shamela.ws/category/27 Al-Maktabah al-Shamilah (The Comprehensive Library) - Genealogy Category (Arabic)] - catalogue of Arabic books on genealogy with detailed descriptions; books not accessible directly on website | ||
* [https://olomlnassb.blogspot.com/ Genealogical Science Library (Arabic - <big>مكتبة علوم النسب</big>)] - digital catalogue of Arabic books on family and tribal genealogies; open source books are linked and accessible | * [https://olomlnassb.blogspot.com/ Genealogical Science Library (Arabic - <big>مكتبة علوم النسب</big>)] - digital catalogue of Arabic books on family and tribal genealogies; open source books are linked and accessible | ||
**Email: [mailto:Olomanasb@gmail.com olomanasb@gmail.com] | **Email: [mailto:Olomanasb@gmail.com olomanasb@gmail.com] | ||
*''The Tribe of al-Jurban (in Arabic)'', by Muhammad Sadiq al-Jurban. 'Amman: Dar al-Abrar Publishing and Distribution, 2011. '''''Online at:''''' [https://archive.org/details/20240613_20240613_1640/mode/2up Archive.org]. | *''The Tribe of al-Jurban (in Arabic)'', by Muhammad Sadiq al-Jurban. 'Amman: Dar al-Abrar Publishing and Distribution, 2011. '''''Online at:''''' [https://archive.org/details/20240613_20240613_1640/mode/2up Archive.org]. | ||
**''عشيرة الجربان''، محمد صادق الجربان. عمان: دار الأبرار للنشر والتوزيع، 2011. | **''عشيرة الجربان''، محمد صادق الجربان. عمان: دار الأبرار للنشر والتوزيع، 2011. | ||
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*''Register zu den Genealogischen Tabellen der Arabischen Stämme und Familien: Mit Historischen und Geographischen Bemerkungen. (Register of the genealogical tables of the Arabian tribes and families : with historical and geographical notes)'' By Ferdinand Wüstenfeld. London: Reprint: Forgotten Books. 2009. {{WorldCat|1110711401|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | *''Register zu den Genealogischen Tabellen der Arabischen Stämme und Familien: Mit Historischen und Geographischen Bemerkungen. (Register of the genealogical tables of the Arabian tribes and families : with historical and geographical notes)'' By Ferdinand Wüstenfeld. London: Reprint: Forgotten Books. 2009. {{WorldCat|1110711401|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} | ||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
==Information Recorded in the Records== | ===Tribes in Jordan=== | ||
=== General Information about Tribes=== | |||
In the Middle East and North Africa, the term "tribe" refers to large collection of inter-related families that can trace their lineage back to a common ancestor; although, as is discussed in greater detail below, a shared ancestry is not always necessary for a family to join a tribe. It is typically used as a translation for the Arabic word "<big>قَبيلة</big>" (qabīlah), although in the Research Wiki "tribe" is also used for other Arabic terms. Tribes in the region can number in the hundreds to tens of thousands; some are relatively localized, while others are stretched or scattered over vast areas. Tribes are often divided into increasingly smaller kinship groups, including "<big>بَطْن</big>" (baṭn), "<big>فَخْذ</big>" (fakhth), and "<big>عَشيرة</big>" (ʿashīrah). The latter is translated in the Wiki as "clan". | |||
Tradition holds that all Arab tribes trace their lineage to two primary ancestors: Qahtan (<big>قحطان</big>), progenitor of the "pure" Arabs originating from modern Yemen, and Adnan (<big>عدنان</big>), ancestor of the "Arabicized" Arabs and a descendent of Abraham's son Ishmael.<ref name=":0">"People of Arabia," ''Britannica'', https://www.britannica.com/place/Arabia-peninsula-Asia/People, accessed 5 September 2024.</ref> | |||
Throughout Arabian history, free, arms-bearing tribesmen, whether nomadic or settled, dominated society. Sultans, emirs, and sheikhs were often drawn from these tribes and sought their support. The descendants of the Prophet Muhammad, who hold the titles of sayyids and sharifs, traditionally enjoyed a higher social status and sometimes exercised theocratic rule as spiritual leaders. | |||
It is important to note that affiliation with a particular tribe does not necessarily entail direct kinship to that tribe. In some cases, new tribes formed as the result of alliances between pre-existing tribal groups. Individual families may have occasionally become clients of a different tribe and eventually adopted as members. On an even smaller scale, individuals were sometimes adopted into a tribe. This was particularly true during the first centuries of Islam, when non-Arab converts to Islam were required to become clients, or "mawali" (Arabic مَوالٍ), of an Arab tribe.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Spread of Islam," ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia,'' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread_of_Islam, accessed 8 October 2024.</ref> Therefore, association with a tribe does not automatically imply descent or kinship relationship within a given lineage. | |||
== Information Recorded in the Records== | |||
*'''Books''' - There are numerous books written about Jordanian and, more broadly, Arab tribes. Both categories of books can be valuable to researchers, as many tribes found in Jordan are also found elsewhere in the Middle East and North Africa. | |||
==Strategy== | ==Strategy== | ||
The published works above include information useful for tracing Jordan tribal lineages. These works include lineages, tribal history, biographies of prominent individuals, poetry, or encyclopedic entries of tribes and their sub-divisions. | The published works above include information useful for tracing Jordan tribal lineages. These works include lineages, tribal history, biographies of prominent individuals, poetry, or encyclopedic entries of tribes and their sub-divisions. | ||
Some of the resources listed above treat with specific tribes, while others look at groups of tribes. The scope of each resource affects the level of detail it contains on actual individuals and their families. While some books contain detailed genealogies with specific names from generation to generation, others treat with tribes generally, focusing more on their history and movement. The latter type of book can be especially useful for individuals who are unsure of where their ancestors lived, as these books can provide information on towns or regions where certain tribes can be found. | Some of the resources listed above treat with specific tribes, while others look at groups of tribes. The scope of each resource affects the level of detail it contains on actual individuals and their families. While some books contain detailed genealogies with specific names from generation to generation, others treat with tribes generally, focusing more on their history and movement. The latter type of book can be especially useful for individuals who are unsure of where their ancestors lived, as these books can provide information on towns or regions where certain tribes can be found. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Jordan]][[Category:Tribes and Clans]] | [[Category:Jordan]][[Category:Tribes and Clans]] | ||