Saudi Arabia Tribes and Clans: Difference between revisions

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 *''A Handbook of the Al-Sa'ud Ruling Family of Saudi Arabia.'' By Brian Lees MVO, OBE. London: Royal Genealogies, 1980. {{FSC|214926|item|disp=FS Catalog book 953.8 D5L}}; {{WorldCat|6604936|At various libraries (WorldlCat)}}
 ==Background==
+==== Tribes of Saudi Arabia ====
+Some notable tribes in Saudi Arabia's ancient history include the Quraysh, Banu Hashim, Banu Tamim, Banu Hanifa, Banu Thaqif, Banu Sulaym, Banu Hilal, Banu Harb, Banu Ghatafan, Banu Abs, Banu Murra, Banu Uqayl, Banu Yam, Banu Khalid, Shammar, and Anizah. These tribes have historically played significant roles in the social, political, and cultural development of the Arabian Peninsula. The Arab tribes were traditionally engaged in nomadic herding and agriculture, establishing complex networks of settlements and camps by around 1200 BCE. With the spread of Islam, many of these tribes migrated and settled in various regions, contributing to the Arabization of the Levant, North Africa, and beyond. Today, the legacy of these tribes continues to influence the cultural and social fabric of Saudi Arabia and the broader Arab world.
 Tribes have traditionally played a critical role in the structure of Arab society and continue to be extremely important in Saudi Arabia. In pre-modern Saudi Arabia, tribes were the main social unit and governed all aspects of life. Although the country's rapid and extensive modernization since its founding in 1932 has altered the traditional nomadic lifestyle of many Saudis, tribal identities remain an important element of society.
 Some of the major tribes in Saudi Arabia are as follows: 'Anaza (<big>عنزة</big>), Harb (<big>حرب</big>), 'Utaybah (<big>عتيبة</big>), Al Murrah (<big>آل مرة</big>), Shammar (<big>شمر</big>), Mutayr (<big>مطير</big>), Qahtan (<big>قحطان</big>), Ruwala (<big>الرولة</big>), Dawasir (<big>الدواسر</big>), Manasir (<big>المناصير</big>), Munjaha (<big>المنجحه</big>), Yam (<big>يام</big>), Ghamid (<big>غامد</big>), Shahran (<big>شهران</big>), Al-Jahadilah (<big>الجحادلة</big>), Juhaynah (<big>جهينة</big>), Balt, Huwaytat (<big>الحويطات</big>), Bani Hajir (<big>بني هاجر</big>), Bani Khalid (<big>بني خالد</big>), Quraysh (<big>قريش</big>), Al Rashid (<big>آل رشيد</big>), 'Ajman (<big>العجمان</big>), and 'Awazim (<big>العوازم</big>).<ref>Ragaei El Mallakh & Dorothea H. El Mallakh, ''Saudi Arabia'' (Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1982), 94. (7 October 2024) '''''Online at:''''' [https://ncusar.org/publications/Publications/1982-07-01-Saudi-Arabia.pdf Internet version (pdf)].</ref> Given that the Arabian Peninsula is the ancestral homeland of Arabs and the area from which Arabic and Islam spread throughout much of the Middle East and North Africa, many of these tribes extend beyond the borders of Saudi Arabia.
+==== Background Information on Tribes ====
 Tradition holds that all Arab tribes trace their lineage to two primary ancestors: Qahtan (<big>قحطان</big>), progenitor of the "pure" Arabs originating from modern Yemen, and Adnan (<big>عدنان</big>), ancestor of the "Arabicized" Arabs and a descendent of Abraham's son Ishmael.<ref name=":0">"People of Arabia," ''Britannica'', https://www.britannica.com/place/Arabia-peninsula-Asia/People, accessed 5 September 2024.</ref>
 Throughout Arabian history, free, arms-bearing tribesmen, whether nomadic or settled, dominated society. Sultans, emirs, and sheikhs were often drawn from these tribes and sought their support. The descendants of the Prophet Muhammad, who hold the titles of sayyids and sharifs, traditionally enjoyed a higher social status and sometimes exercised theocratic rule as spiritual leaders.
+It is important to note that affiliation with a particular tribe does not necessarily entail direct kinship to that tribe, as individuals were sometimes adopted into a tribe. This was particularly true during the first centuries of Islam, when non-Arab converts to Islam were required to become clients, or "mawali" (Arabic مَوالٍ), of an Arab tribe.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Spread of Islam," ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia,'' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread_of_Islam, accessed 8 October 2024.</ref> Therefore, association with a tribe does not automatically imply descent or kinship relationship within a given lineage.
+==Information Recorded in the Records==
+* '''Books''' - There are numerous books written on Saudi Arabia and, more broadly, Arab tribes. Both categories of books can be valuable to researchers, as many tribes found in Saudi Arabia are also found elsewhere in the Middle East and North Africa.
-It is important to note that affiliation with a particular tribe does not necessarily entail direct kinship to that tribe, as individuals were sometimes adopted into a tribe. This was particularly true during the first centuries of Islam, when non-Arab converts to Islam were required to become clients, or "mawali" (Arabic مَوالٍ), of an Arab tribe.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Spread of Islam," ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia,'' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread_of_Islam, accessed 8 October 2024.</ref> Therefore, association with a tribe does not automatically imply descent or kinship relationship within a given lineage.
-==Information Recorded in the Records==
 ==Strategy==
 The published works above include information useful for tracing Saudi tribal lineages. These works include lineages, tribal history, biographies of prominent individuals, poetry, or encyclopedic entries of tribes and their sub-divisions.