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*''History of Beersheba and its tribes.'' Aref Al-Arf. Cairo, Egypt: Religious Culture Library, 2008. | *''History of Beersheba and its tribes.'' Aref Al-Arf. Cairo, Egypt: Religious Culture Library, 2008. | ||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
Tribes have traditionally played a critical role in the structure of Arab society and continue to be extremely important in many parts of the Arab world, including Palestine. In Palestine, the term "tribe" (<big>قبيلة</big>) typically refers to Bedouins, nomadic or semi-nomadic Arab groups that are found throughout the Middle East. Today, many of these tribes have moved towards a sedentary lifestyle by choice or necessity. Tribal confederations in Gaza include the | Tribes have traditionally played a critical role in the structure of Arab society and continue to be extremely important in many parts of the Arab world, including Palestine. In Palestine, the term "tribe" (<big>قبيلة</big>) typically refers to Bedouins, nomadic or semi-nomadic Arab groups that are found throughout the Middle East. Today, many of these tribes have moved towards a sedentary lifestyle by choice or necessity. Tribal confederations in Gaza include the 'Azazmah (<big>العزازمة</big>), Tayaha (<big>التياها</big>), and Tarabin (<big>الترابين</big>), while those in the West Bank are concentrated in the hill country east of Hebron, with scatterings east of Jerusalem and on the west banks of the Jordan River<ref>Robinson, Glenn, "Palestinian Tribes, Clans, and Notable Families," ''Center for Contemporary Conflict,'' https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254648296_Palestinian_Tribes_Clans_and_Notable_Families, accessed 27 January 2025.</ref>. | ||
A much more common familial unit in Palestine is the clan or "<big>حمولة</big>", consisting of a small group of families that trace their lineage back to a common ancestry through the fathers' lines. The clan structures are most common in rural areas. Traditionally, women who married outside of the clan and their children are counted with their husbands' clan rather than their clan of birth<ref>Robinson, Glenn, "Palestinian Tribes, Clans, and Notable Families," ''Center for Contemporary Conflict,'' https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254648296_Palestinian_Tribes_Clans_and_Notable_Families, accessed 27 January 2025.</ref>. | |||
It is important to note that affiliation with a particular tribe does not necessarily entail direct kinship to that tribe, as individuals were sometimes adopted into a tribe. This was particularly true during the first centuries of Islam, at which point non-Arab converts to Islam were required to become clients, or "mawali" (Arabic مَوالٍ), of an Arab tribe.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Spread of Islam," ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia,'' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread_of_Islam, accessed 8 October 2024.</ref> Therefore, association with a tribe does not automatically imply descent or kinship relationship within a given lineage. | It is important to note that affiliation with a particular tribe does not necessarily entail direct kinship to that tribe, as individuals were sometimes adopted into a tribe. This was particularly true during the first centuries of Islam, at which point non-Arab converts to Islam were required to become clients, or "mawali" (Arabic مَوالٍ), of an Arab tribe.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Spread of Islam," ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia,'' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread_of_Islam, accessed 8 October 2024.</ref> Therefore, association with a tribe does not automatically imply descent or kinship relationship within a given lineage. | ||