Jordan History: Difference between revisions

Jordan History (view source)

Revision as of 14:05, 9 December 2024

396 bytes added , 9 December 2024

Edited History and Timeline

VisualWikitext

Lldaly12

920

edits

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 }}
 ==General History==
-What is now Jordan has been inhabited by humans since the Paleolithic period. Three stable kingdoms emerged there at the end of the Bronze Age: Ammon, Moab and Edom. Later rulers include the Nabataean Kingdom, the Roman Empire, and the Ottoman Empire.
+In its ancient history, Jordan had three stable kingdoms: Ammon, Moab, and Edom. Later rulers include the Nabateans, who built the iconic city of Petra, the Roman Empire, and the Ottoman Empire.
-After the Great Arab Revolt against the Ottomans in 1916 during World War I, the Ottoman Empire was partitioned by Britain and France. The Emirate of Transjordan was established in 1921 and the emirate became a British protectorate. In 1946, Jordan became an independent state officially known as the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan, but was renamed in 1949 to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan after the country captured the West Bank during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and annexed it until it was lost to Israel in 1967.
+During the Ottoman period, Jordan was part of Greater Syria, a region that included modern-day Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine. After the Great Arab Revolt against the Ottomans in 1916 during World War I, the Ottoman Empire was partitioned and Jordan became a British protectorate known as the Emirate of Transjordan. In 1946, Jordan gained full independence and was established as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, under the leadership of King Abdullah I. Since that time, Jordan has experienced significant waves of immigration by opening its borders to millions of refugees from neighboring countries such as Palestine, Iraq, and Syria. Additionally, many Jordanians have emigrated to Gulf countries for better employment opportunities, as well as to the United States and other Western countries.
-Jordan renounced its claim to the territory in 1988, and became one of two Arab states to sign a peace treaty with Israel in 1994. Jordan is a founding member of the Arab League and the Organisation of Islamic Co-operation. The sovereign state is a constitutional monarchy, but the king holds wide executive and legislative powers.
+Jordan's cultural heritage is rich and diverse, with significant archaeological sites and a blend of Nabatean, Roman, and Islamic influences. The population is approximately 94% Arab and the remaining 6% comprise ethnic minorities such as Circassians, Chechens, Armenians, and Kurds. The main spoken language is Arabic, with English widely used as a second language, especially in business and education.<ref>"Jordan," Wikipedia, updated 9 December 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan</ref>
-Sunni Islam, practiced by around 95% of the population, is the dominant religion in Jordan and coexists with an indigenous Christian minority. Jordan has been repeatedly referred to as an oasis of stability in a turbulent region. From as early as 1948, Jordan has accepted refugees from multiple neighbouring countries in conflict. An estimated 2.1 million Palestinian and 1.4 million Syrian refugees are present in Jordan and the kingdom is also a refuge to thousands of Iraqi Christians fleeing persecution by ISIL
+==Timeline==
-Jordan is classified as a country of "high human development" with an upper middle income economy. The Jordanian economy, one of the smallest economies in the region, is attractive to foreign investors based upon a skilled workforce.
+* '''1200 BCE''' The Iron Age begins, and the region sees the rise of ancient kingdoms such as Ammon, Moab, and Edom.
-<br><ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan Wikipedia]</ref>
+* '''312 BCE''' The Nabatean Kingdom is established, with Petra as its capital.
+* '''63 BCE''' The Roman Empire conquers the Nabatean Kingdom, incorporating it into the province of Arabia Petraea.
+* '''324''' The Byzantine Empire takes control of the region, leading to the spread of Christianity.
+* '''636''' The Islamic Caliphate conquers the region, marking the beginning of Islamic rule.
-==Timeline==
+* '''1516-1918''' Jordan is part of the Ottoman Empire, included in the region known as Greater Syria.
-- Four centuries of stagnation during Ottoman rule came to an end during World War I by the Arab Revolt<br>
+* '''1921''' The Emirate of Transjordan is established under British mandate, with Abdullah I as the emir.
-- The Emirate of Transjordan was established<br>
+* '''1946''' Jordan gains full independence from Britain and becomes the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, with Abdullah I as king.
-- The Council of the League of Nations recognised Transjordan as a state under the British Mandate for Palestine and the Transjordan memorandum. Transjordan remained a British mandate until 1946<br>
+* '''1948''': First major wave of Palestinian refugees arrives in Jordan following the Arab-Israeli War.
-- The Arab Spring were large-scale protests that erupted in the Arab World. Many of these protests tore down regimes in some Arab nations, leading to instability that ended with violent civil wars and in Jordan there was domestic unrest<br>
+* '''1967''' Second major wave of Palestinian refugees arrives in Jordan following the Six-Day War.
+* '''1994''' Jordan signs a peace treaty with Israel, becoming the second Arab country to do so.
+* '''2003''' Significant influx of Iraqi refugees into Jordan following the Iraq War.
+* '''2011''' The Arab Spring leads to political reforms in Jordan, including constitutional amendments and new election laws.
+* '''2011''' Arrival of Syrian refugees begins due to the Syrian Civil War.
+<br>
 == References ==
 {{reflist}}
 [[Category:Jordan]] [[Category:Histories]]