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== | ==General History== | ||
Iran, historically known as Persia, is one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with settlements dating back to 4000 BC. The Medes unified Iran as a nation and empire in 625 BC, and the Achaemenid Empire, founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC, became one of the largest empires in history. Under Darius I, the Achaemenid Empire encompassed the Balkans and Eastern Europe in the west to the Indus Valley in the east, and from the Caucasus and Central Asia in the north to Egypt and Libya in the south. | Iran, historically known as Persia, is one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with settlements dating back to 4000 BC. The Medes unified Iran as a nation and empire in 625 BC, and the Achaemenid Empire, founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC, became one of the largest empires in history. Under Darius I, the Achaemenid Empire encompassed the Balkans and Eastern Europe in the west to the Indus Valley in the east, and from the Caucasus and Central Asia in the north to Egypt and Libya in the south. | ||
In the medieval period, Iran experienced significant cultural and scientific achievements, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age. The Safavid dynasty, established in 1501, marked a turning point by making Shia Islam the state religion, which has had a lasting impact on Iranian identity. This era also saw Iran becoming a major center of art, architecture, and philosophy. During the Ottoman period, Iran and the Ottoman Empire were often in conflict, particularly over control of territories in the Caucasus and Mesopotamia | In the medieval period, Iran experienced significant cultural and scientific achievements, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age. The Safavid dynasty, established in 1501, marked a turning point by making Shia Islam the state religion, which has had a lasting impact on Iranian identity. This era also saw Iran becoming a major center of art, architecture, and philosophy. During the Ottoman period, Iran and the [[Ottoman Empire Genealogy|Ottoman Empire]] were often in conflict, particularly over control of territories in the Caucasus and Mesopotamia | ||
Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, Iran experienced significant waves of emigration to the United States, Canada, Germany, and the United Kingdom | Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, Iran experienced significant waves of [[Iran Emigration and Immigration|emigration]] to the [[United States Genealogy|United States]], [[Canada Genealogy|Canada]], [[Germany Genealogy|Germany]], and the [[United Kingdom]] due to political and economic factors, particularly among educated professionals. The 1979 Iranian Revolution transformed the country from a monarchy into an Islamic republic, leading to profound political, social, and economic shifts. Today, Iran continues to play a crucial role in regional and global affairs, balancing its rich cultural heritage with contemporary challenges.<ref>"History of Iran," Wikipedia, updated 30 November 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Iran.</ref><ref>''Armenians in Gorgan : a region of northern Iran ; a historical journey /'' by Bagrad Cholakian. n.p.Lulu, 2014. {{FSC|4117345|item|disp=FS Catalog book 955.2/G1 F2c}}</ref><ref>Foundation for Iranian Studies, "Oral History," accessed May 29, 2025, https://fis-iran.org/oralhistory/.</ref> | ||
==Timeline== | ==Timeline== | ||
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* '''550 BC''' Cyrus the Great founds the Achaemenid Empire, one of the largest empires in history. | * '''550 BC''' Cyrus the Great founds the Achaemenid Empire, one of the largest empires in history. | ||
* '''1501''' The Safavid dynasty is established, making Shia Islam the state religion and turning Iran into a major center of art, architecture, and philosophy. | * '''1501''' The Safavid dynasty is established, making Shia Islam the state religion and turning Iran into a major center of art, architecture, and philosophy. | ||
* '''16th-17th centuries''' Iran and the [[Ottoman Empire Genealogy|Ottoman Empire]] frequently conflict over territories in the Caucasus and Mesopotamia. | |||
* '''16th-17th centuries''' Iran and the Ottoman Empire frequently conflict over territories in the Caucasus and Mesopotamia. | |||
* '''1722''' The fall of the Safavid Empire due to internal strife and external pressures. | * '''1722''' The fall of the Safavid Empire due to internal strife and external pressures. | ||
* '''1796''' The Qajar dynasty is established by Agha Mohammad Khan, who reunites Persia and makes Tehran the capital. | * '''1796''' The Qajar dynasty is established by Agha Mohammad Khan, who reunites Persia and makes Tehran the capital. | ||
* ''' | * '''1925''' The last Qajar ruler was overthrown by Reza Khan and established the Pahlavi dynasty. This transition marked a significant shift in Iran's political landscape, leading to further modernization and centralization efforts under the new regime. | ||
* '''20th-21st centuries''' Significant waves of emigration to the United States, Canada Germany, and the United Kingdom. | * '''20th-21st centuries''' Significant waves of [[Iran Emigration and Immigration|emigration]] to the [[United States Genealogy|United States]], [[Canada Genealogy|Canada,]] [[Germany Genealogy|Germany]], and the [[United Kingdom]] due to political and economic factors. | ||
* '''1979''' The Iranian Revolution, led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, transforms Iran from a monarchy into an Islamic republic, leading to significant political, social, and economic changes | * '''1979''' The Iranian Revolution, led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, transforms Iran from a monarchy into an Islamic republic, leading to significant political, social, and economic changes.<ref>"Unveiling the Rich History of Iran: Traveling Through Time," Travel Around Persia, 21 June 2023, https://www.tappersia.com/history-of-iran/.</ref> | ||
==Resources== | |||
===Online Resources=== | |||
*''Tārīkh al-duwal wa-al-imārāt al-Kurdīyah fī al-ʻahd al-Islāmī'' by Zakī, Muḥammad Amīn. Miṣr:Maṭbaʻat al-Saʻādah, 1945. '''''Online at:''''' [https://dlib.nyu.edu/aco/book/auc_aco000386 New York University]; History of Kurdish states. | |||
**.تاريخ الدول والإمارات الكردية في العهد الإسلامي .محمد أمين زكي النشر: مصر:مطبعة السعادة،, 1945 | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
[[Category:Iran]] | [[Category:Iran]] | ||
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