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[[Image:Family Group Record Frank1.png|thumb|Family group with source footnotes printed by the PAF program. Click image 3 separate times to enlarge it fully.]] [[Image:Family Group Record Frank2.png|thumb|Source footnotes continued. Click 3 times to enlarge.]]Source footnote citations help us document, organize, and analyze the evidence gathered. They are the hallmark of quality family history.   
[[Image:Family Group Record Frank1.png|thumb]] [[Image:Family Group Record Frank2.png|thumb]]Source footnote citations help us document, organize, and analyze the evidence gathered. They are the hallmark of quality family history.   


Ideally, every event on a family group record would have one or more source footnotes. The information about the event came from somewhere (even if it was guessed), so we should cite the source properly.  
Ideally, every event on a family group record would have one or more source footnotes. The information about the event came from somewhere (even if it was guessed), so we should cite the source properly.  
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=== Citation Examples  ===
=== Citation Examples  ===


Here are some idealized example citations as they might appear in the '''''Sources''''' field of a ''Family Group Record'' printed using the Personal Ancestral File (PAF) program. These footnotes mostly follow the ''Chicago Manual of Style''. Following the first citation in each category there is a list of the fields used in the PAF '''''Edit Source''''' and '''''Sources—Citation Detail''''' windows to create that source footnote. All footnotes in this list are only models—other researchers may choose different ways to render the same footnote information.<br>
Here are some idealized example citations as they might appear in the '''''Sources''''' field of a ''Family Group Record'' printed using the Personal Ancestral File (PAF) program. These footnotes mostly follow the ''Chicago Manual of Style''. Following the first citation in each category there is a list of the fields used in the PAF '''''Edit Source''''' and '''''Sources—Citation Detail''''' windows to create that source footnote. All footnotes in this list are only models—other researchers may choose different ways to render the same footnote information.<br>  


==== Books (published)  ====
==== Books (published)  ====


''Ideal format:'' 1. Author(s), ''Title'' (Place of publication: Publisher, year of publication), volume: page number(s), [book call number; microfilm call number]. Digitized by Repository at URL (accessed date). Comment.  
''Ideal format:'' 1. Author(s), ''Title'' (Place of publication: Publisher, year of publication), volume: page number(s), [book call number; microfilm call number]. Digitized by Repository at URL (accessed date). Comment.  
<blockquote>1. Clement Luther Martzolff, ''History of Perry County Ohio'' (New Lexington, Ohio: Ward &amp; Weiland, 1902), 144-46. [FHL book 977.159 H2m; FHL film 897280 Item 2]. Digitized by BYU Family History Archives at http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/FH27&amp;CISOPTR=77464 (accessed 20 January 2009). Laudatory biographical sketch. </blockquote>
<blockquote>1. Clement Luther Martzolff, ''History of Perry County Ohio'' (New Lexington, Ohio: Ward &amp; Weiland, 1902), 144-46. [FHL book 977.159 H2m; FHL film 897280 Item 2]. Digitized by BYU Family History Archives at http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/FH27&amp;CISOPTR=77464 (accessed 20 January 2009). Laudatory biographical sketch. </blockquote>  
'''PAF <u>Edit Source</u>—''' '''''Source Title:''''' ''History of Perry County Ohio'' '''''Author:''''' Clement Luther Martzolff '''''Publication Information:''''' (New Lexington, Ohio: Ward &amp; Weiland, 1902) '''''Repository:''''' [empty] '''''Call Number:''''' [FHL book 977.159 H2m; FHL film 897280 Item 2] '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' [empty] <u>'''Sources'''</u>'''—''' '''''Film/Volume/Page Number:''''' 144-46 '''''Date record was made:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' Digitized by BYU Family History Archives at http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/FH27&amp;CISOPTR=77464 (accessed 20 January 2009). Laudatory biographical sketch. '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty].  
'''PAF <u>Edit Source</u>—''' '''''Source Title:''''' ''History of Perry County Ohio'' '''''Author:''''' Clement Luther Martzolff '''''Publication Information:''''' (New Lexington, Ohio: Ward &amp; Weiland, 1902) '''''Repository:''''' [empty] '''''Call Number:''''' [FHL book 977.159 H2m; FHL film 897280 Item 2] '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' [empty] <u>'''Sources'''</u>'''—''' '''''Film/Volume/Page Number:''''' 144-46 '''''Date record was made:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' Digitized by BYU Family History Archives at http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/FH27&amp;CISOPTR=77464 (accessed 20 January 2009). Laudatory biographical sketch. '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty].  


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''Ideal format:'' 2. Author(s), ''Title'' (Place of publication: Publisher, year of publication), volume: page number(s) or other data needed to find the entry. [CD call number]. Comment.  
''Ideal format:'' 2. Author(s), ''Title'' (Place of publication: Publisher, year of publication), volume: page number(s) or other data needed to find the entry. [CD call number]. Comment.  
<blockquote>2. California, Department of Health Services, Vital Statistics Section, ''California Death Indexes on CD'' (Sacramento, Calif.: CDHS, [2002]), 1969: Gee, Eva. [FHL CD-ROM no. 406 pt. 1]. Evie in some sources. </blockquote>
<blockquote>2. California, Department of Health Services, Vital Statistics Section, ''California Death Indexes on CD'' (Sacramento, Calif.: CDHS, [2002]), 1969: Gee, Eva. [FHL CD-ROM no. 406 pt. 1]. Evie in some sources. </blockquote>  
'''PAF <u>Edit Source</u>—''' '''''Source Title:''''' ''California Death Indexes on CD'' '''''Author:''''' California, Department of Health Services, Vital Statistics Section '''''Publication Information:''''' (Sacramento, Calif.: CDHS, [2002]) '''''Repository:'''''[empty] '''''Call Number:''''' [FHL CD-ROM no. 406 pt. 1] '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' [empty] '''<u>Sources</u>—''' '''''Film/Volume/Page Number:''''' 1969: Gee, Eva '''''Date record was made:'''''[empty] '''''Comments:''''' Evie in some sources. '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty].  
'''PAF <u>Edit Source</u>—''' '''''Source Title:''''' ''California Death Indexes on CD'' '''''Author:''''' California, Department of Health Services, Vital Statistics Section '''''Publication Information:''''' (Sacramento, Calif.: CDHS, [2002]) '''''Repository:'''''[empty] '''''Call Number:''''' [FHL CD-ROM no. 406 pt. 1] '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' [empty] '''<u>Sources</u>—''' '''''Film/Volume/Page Number:''''' 1969: Gee, Eva '''''Date record was made:'''''[empty] '''''Comments:''''' Evie in some sources. '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty].  


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<blockquote>12. Ancestry.com, "World War I Draft Registration Cards 1917-1918 for Frank Cullum Dilts" in Ancestry.com at http://search.ancestryinstitution.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&amp;rank=0&amp;gsfn=Frank+Cullum&amp;gsln=Dilts&amp;sx=&amp;f1=&amp;f2=&amp;f3=&amp;f20=&amp;f16=&amp;f15=&amp;rg_f14__date=&amp;rs_f14__date=0&amp;f18=&amp;gskw=&amp;prox=1&amp;db=ww1draft&amp;ti=5561&amp;ti.si=0&amp;gss=angs-d&amp;pcat=WAR_WWI&amp;fh=0&amp;h=31736107&amp;recoff=1+2+3 (accessed 23 January 2009). Original source: United States. Selective Service System. World War I Selective Service Draft Registration Cards 1917-1918, National Archives Microfilm Publications M1509, (Washington, D.C.: NARA, 1987-1988).&nbsp;!NAME-RESIDENCE: Frank Cullum Dilts, Hesston, Harvey, Kansas. </blockquote>  
<blockquote>12. Ancestry.com, "World War I Draft Registration Cards 1917-1918 for Frank Cullum Dilts" in Ancestry.com at http://search.ancestryinstitution.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&amp;rank=0&amp;gsfn=Frank+Cullum&amp;gsln=Dilts&amp;sx=&amp;f1=&amp;f2=&amp;f3=&amp;f20=&amp;f16=&amp;f15=&amp;rg_f14__date=&amp;rs_f14__date=0&amp;f18=&amp;gskw=&amp;prox=1&amp;db=ww1draft&amp;ti=5561&amp;ti.si=0&amp;gss=angs-d&amp;pcat=WAR_WWI&amp;fh=0&amp;h=31736107&amp;recoff=1+2+3 (accessed 23 January 2009). Original source: United States. Selective Service System. World War I Selective Service Draft Registration Cards 1917-1918, National Archives Microfilm Publications M1509, (Washington, D.C.: NARA, 1987-1988).&nbsp;!NAME-RESIDENCE: Frank Cullum Dilts, Hesston, Harvey, Kansas. </blockquote>  
:'''HeritageQuest Online'''
:'''HeritageQuest Online'''
<blockquote>13. HeritageQuestOnline, "Trabert, Mathias (1900 U.S. Census)" in HeritageQuestOnline at http://persi.heritagequestonline.com/hqoweb/library/do/notebook?context=census (accessed 23 January 2009). T623 Roll:439 Page 115. Iowa, Jefferson, Lockridge Twp.&nbsp;!Original SOURCE: United States. Census Office. 12th census, 1900 population census schedules (Washington, D.C.: Bureau of the Census Micro-Film Laboratory, [197-]).</blockquote>
<blockquote>13. HeritageQuestOnline, "Trabert, Mathias (1900 U.S. Census)" in HeritageQuestOnline at http://persi.heritagequestonline.com/hqoweb/library/do/notebook?context=census (accessed 23 January 2009). T623 Roll:439 Page 115. Iowa, Jefferson, Lockridge Twp.&nbsp;!Original SOURCE: United States. Census Office. 12th census, 1900 population census schedules (Washington, D.C.: Bureau of the Census Micro-Film Laboratory, [197-]).</blockquote>  
 
==== Interviews (unpublished)  ====
==== Interviews (unpublished)  ====


''Ideal format:'' 14. Interviewee, interview by Interviewer, description or type of interview, place of interview, date, page, repository of the interview. Comment.  
''Ideal format:'' 14. Interviewee, interview by Interviewer, description or type of interview, place of interview, date, page, repository of the interview. Comment.  
<blockquote>14. Katie Beller, interview by Bryan Dilts, interview notes, at Hesston, Kans., 12 August 1973, 2, in possession of G. David Dilts, Salt Lake City, Utah. From her memory but matches well with most written sources.</blockquote>
<blockquote>14. Katie Beller, interview by Bryan Dilts, interview notes, at Hesston, Kans., 12 August 1973, 2, in possession of G. David Dilts, Salt Lake City, Utah. From her memory but matches well with most written sources.</blockquote>  
'''PAF <u>Edit Source</u>—''' '''''Source Title:''''' interview by Bryan Dilts, interview notes '''''Author:''''' Katie Beller '''''Publication Information:''''' at Hesston, Kans., 12 August 1973 '''''Repository:''''' in possession of G. David Dilts, Salt Lake City, Utah '''''Call Number:''''' [empty] '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' [empty] '''<u>Sources</u>—''' '''''Film/Volume/Page Number:''''' 2 '''''Date record was made:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' From memory but matches well with written sources. '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty].  
'''PAF <u>Edit Source</u>—''' '''''Source Title:''''' interview by Bryan Dilts, interview notes '''''Author:''''' Katie Beller '''''Publication Information:''''' at Hesston, Kans., 12 August 1973 '''''Repository:''''' in possession of G. David Dilts, Salt Lake City, Utah '''''Call Number:''''' [empty] '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' [empty] '''<u>Sources</u>—''' '''''Film/Volume/Page Number:''''' 2 '''''Date record was made:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' From memory but matches well with written sources. '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty].  


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''Ideal format:'' 15. Author, author's residence, date, letter (or email) to Recipient, recipient's residence or repository, page. Comment.  
''Ideal format:'' 15. Author, author's residence, date, letter (or email) to Recipient, recipient's residence or repository, page. Comment.  
<blockquote>15. Robert Frazier, Wichita, Kans., 10 May 2003, email to G. David Dilts, Salt Lake City, Utah, 3. Invitation to family reunion in Iowa. </blockquote>
<blockquote>15. Robert Frazier, Wichita, Kans., 10 May 2003, email to G. David Dilts, Salt Lake City, Utah, 3. Invitation to family reunion in Iowa. </blockquote>  
'''PAF <u>Edit Source</u>—''' '''''Source Title:''''' 10 May 2003, email to G. David Dilts, Salt Lake City, Utah '''''Author:''''' Robert Frazier, Wichita, Kans. '''''Publication Information:''''' [empty] '''''Repository:''''' [empty] '''''Call Number:''''' [empty] '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' [empty] '''<u>Sources</u>—''' '''''Film/Volume/Page Number:''''' 3 '''''Date record was made:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' Invitation to family reunion in Iowa. '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty].  
'''PAF <u>Edit Source</u>—''' '''''Source Title:''''' 10 May 2003, email to G. David Dilts, Salt Lake City, Utah '''''Author:''''' Robert Frazier, Wichita, Kans. '''''Publication Information:''''' [empty] '''''Repository:''''' [empty] '''''Call Number:''''' [empty] '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' [empty] '''<u>Sources</u>—''' '''''Film/Volume/Page Number:''''' 3 '''''Date record was made:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' Invitation to family reunion in Iowa. '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty].  


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''Ideal format:'' 16. Author(s), "Title" Date of manuscript creation (Microfilmed by Filmers at Repository, Repository place, filming date), volume: page number(s). [Microfilm call number]. Comment.  
''Ideal format:'' 16. Author(s), "Title" Date of manuscript creation (Microfilmed by Filmers at Repository, Repository place, filming date), volume: page number(s). [Microfilm call number]. Comment.  
<blockquote>16. Juab County (Utah), Recorder, "Deeds, 1947-1948" (Microfilmed by the Utah State Archives at the State Capitol Building, Salt Lake City, Utah, [199-?]), 454. [FHL film 1654244]. Filmed backwards. Find out when the family sold this property. </blockquote>
<blockquote>16. Juab County (Utah), Recorder, "Deeds, 1947-1948" (Microfilmed by the Utah State Archives at the State Capitol Building, Salt Lake City, Utah, [199-?]), 454. [FHL film 1654244]. Filmed backwards. Find out when the family sold this property. </blockquote>  
'''PAF <u>Edit Source</u>—''' '''''Source Title:''''' "Deeds, 1847-1948" '''''Author:''''' Juab County (Utah), Recorder '''''Publication Information:''''' (Microfilmed by the Utah State Archives at the State Capitol Building, Salt Lake City, Utah, [199-?]) '''''Repository:''''' [empty] '''''Call Number:''''' [empty] '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' [empty] '''<u>Sources</u>—''' '''''Film/Volume/Page Number:''''' 454. [FHL film 1654244] '''''Date record was made:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' Filmed backwards. Find out when the family sold this property. '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty].  
'''PAF <u>Edit Source</u>—''' '''''Source Title:''''' "Deeds, 1847-1948" '''''Author:''''' Juab County (Utah), Recorder '''''Publication Information:''''' (Microfilmed by the Utah State Archives at the State Capitol Building, Salt Lake City, Utah, [199-?]) '''''Repository:''''' [empty] '''''Call Number:''''' [empty] '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' [empty] '''<u>Sources</u>—''' '''''Film/Volume/Page Number:''''' 454. [FHL film 1654244] '''''Date record was made:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' Filmed backwards. Find out when the family sold this property. '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty].  


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''Ideal format:'' 17. Author(s), "Title" date of manuscript creation, name of the manuscript collection (if applicable), repository name, repository place, volume: page number(s). [call number (if applicable)]. Comment.  
''Ideal format:'' 17. Author(s), "Title" date of manuscript creation, name of the manuscript collection (if applicable), repository name, repository place, volume: page number(s). [call number (if applicable)]. Comment.  
<blockquote>Nebraska, Seward County, County Court, "Petition for Letters of Administration" (Jacob ZIMMERMAN), 13 July 1885, photocopy in possession of G. David Dilts, 274 "Q" Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84103-3952, USA. 1-2. Died 1 July 1885. Photocopy obtained by correspondence.<br></blockquote>
<blockquote>Nebraska, Seward County, County Court, "Petition for Letters of Administration" (Jacob ZIMMERMAN), 13 July 1885, photocopy in possession of G. David Dilts, 274 "Q" Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84103-3952, USA. 1-2. Died 1 July 1885. Photocopy obtained by correspondence.<br></blockquote>  
'''PAF <u>Edit Source</u>—''' '''''Source Title:''''' "Petition for Letters of Administration" (Jacob ZIMMERMAN) '''''Author:''''' Nebraska, Seward County, County Court '''''Publication Information:''''' [empty] '''''Repository:''''' photocopy in possession of G. David Dilts, 274 "Q" Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84103-3952, USA '''''Call Number:''''' [empty] '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' [empty] '''<u>Sources</u>—''' '''''Film/Volume/Page Number:''''' [empty] '''''Date record was made:''''' 13 July 1885 '''''Comments:''''' 1-2. Died 1 July 1885. Photocopy obtained by correspondence. '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty].  
'''PAF <u>Edit Source</u>—''' '''''Source Title:''''' "Petition for Letters of Administration" (Jacob ZIMMERMAN) '''''Author:''''' Nebraska, Seward County, County Court '''''Publication Information:''''' [empty] '''''Repository:''''' photocopy in possession of G. David Dilts, 274 "Q" Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84103-3952, USA '''''Call Number:''''' [empty] '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' [empty] '''<u>Sources</u>—''' '''''Film/Volume/Page Number:''''' [empty] '''''Date record was made:''''' 13 July 1885 '''''Comments:''''' 1-2. Died 1 July 1885. Photocopy obtained by correspondence. '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty].  


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''Ideal format:'' 18. Author(s), "Article Title," ''Periodical-Title'' volume: page(s). [call number]. Comment.  
''Ideal format:'' 18. Author(s), "Article Title," ''Periodical-Title'' volume: page(s). [call number]. Comment.  
<blockquote>18. G. David Dilts, "Citing Sources Using the Chicago Manual of Style", UGA Genealogical Journal 24 (1996): 149-61. [FHL book 973 D25gj v. 24]. Limited Internet examples.</blockquote>
<blockquote>18. G. David Dilts, "Citing Sources Using the Chicago Manual of Style", UGA Genealogical Journal 24 (1996): 149-61. [FHL book 973 D25gj v. 24]. Limited Internet examples.</blockquote>  
'''PAF <u>Edit Source</u>—''' '''''Source Title:''''' "Citing Sources Using the Chicago Manual of Style" '''''Author:''''' G. David Dilts '''''Publication Information:''''' UGA Genealogical Journal '''''Repository:''''' [empty] '''''Call Number:''''' [FHL book 973 D25gj v. 24] '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' [empty] '''<u>Sources</u>—''' '''''Film/Volume/Page Number:''''' 24 (1996): 149-61 '''''Date record was made:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' Limited Internet examples. '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty].  
'''PAF <u>Edit Source</u>—''' '''''Source Title:''''' "Citing Sources Using the Chicago Manual of Style" '''''Author:''''' G. David Dilts '''''Publication Information:''''' UGA Genealogical Journal '''''Repository:''''' [empty] '''''Call Number:''''' [FHL book 973 D25gj v. 24] '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' [empty] '''<u>Sources</u>—''' '''''Film/Volume/Page Number:''''' 24 (1996): 149-61 '''''Date record was made:''''' [empty] '''''Comments:''''' Limited Internet examples. '''''Actual Text:''''' [empty].  


== See also  ==
== See also  ==


* [[Document AS YOU GO!]]  
*[[Document AS YOU GO!]]  
* [[Burned Counties Research]]  
*[[Burned Counties Research]]  
* [[Rookie Mistakes]]  
*[[Rookie Mistakes]]  
* [[Solving Tough Research Problems—Overcoming Brick Walls]]  
*[[Solving Tough Research Problems—Overcoming Brick Walls]]  
* [[Use the Information#Cite_Your_Sources|Use the Information: Cite Your Sources]]
*[[Transfer_the_Information#Cite_Your_Sources|Use the Information: Cite Your Sources]]  
* [[FamilySearch Wiki:Verifiable]]
*[[FamilySearch Wiki:Verifiable]]


[[Category:Beginners]]  
[[Category:Beginners]] [[Category:Use_the_Information]] [[Category:Research_Process]]
[[Category:Use_the_Information]]  
[[Category:Research Process]]
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